Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1998. / Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-230).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-07T14:57:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS14MA154.pdf: 2227369 bytes, checksum: 16bb717a32374295c268a600fed36ee5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T14:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS14MA154.pdf: 2227369 bytes, checksum: 16bb717a32374295c268a600fed36ee5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Soils of tropical regions are generally acidic and have low available phosphorus, which is strongly adsorbed to mineral particles, resulting in low availability to plants, even after application of high rates of phosphate fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers to increase plant growth in two acid soils. Six phosphates were used: triple superphosphate, single superphosphate, magnesium multi phosphate, modified superphosphate, granulated organomineral, and a phosphate containing P soluble + reactive phosphate + calcium carbonate of marine origin), in addition to a control, with no added P. Phosphates were applied at rates of 75 and 150 mg kg- 1 in an Inceptisol and at rates of 100 and 200 mg kg- 1 in an Alfisol. Four successive cultivations involving maize, soybean, wheat and maize were carried out in a greenhouse, for approximately 50 days each, in pots with 3.0 kg of soil. After the harvest of each crop, soil and plant parameters were evaluated, including shoot biomass, concentration of P in the shoots, P uptake, and 29 superphosphate (TSP) in all determined attributes, including biomass yield, P uptake, equivalent to TSP, and agronomic efficiency index. The efficiency of phosphates containing P not completely water soluble increased overtime, but even that the organomineral phosphate was not a source able to supply P to the plants, in both soils. The Mehlich-1 was not an adequate extraction method to discriminate soil available P when phosphates of different water solubility are applied to the soils / Os solos de regiões de clima tropical geralmente são ácidos e pobres em fósforo, e neles o P é adsorvido fortemente às partículas minerais, resultando em baixa disponibilidade às plantas, mesmo após a aplicação de doses elevadas de adubos fosfatados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência agronômica de formas químicas de fertilizantes fosfatados aplicados a dois solos ácidos, em casa-de-vegetação. Foram utilizados seis fosfatos (superfosfatos triplo e simples, multifosfato magnesiano, superfosfato simples modificado, fertilizante contendo P solúvel + P natural reativo + carbonato de cálcio de origem marinha, e fertilizante organomineral granulado). Todos foram aplicadas na instalação do experimento, nas doses de 75 e 150 mg kg-1 de P no Cambissolo Háplico (CH) e 100 e 200 mg kg-1 de P no Nitossolo Vermelho (NV). Foram conduzidos quatro cultivos sucessivos incluindo milho, soja, trigo e milho, durante aproximadamente 50 dias cada, em vasos com 3,0 kg de solo. Na média dos quatro cultivos conduzidos em cada um dos solos nenhum adubo fosfatado foi 25 superior ao superfosfato triplo em qualquer dos parâmetros avaliados, incluindo rendimento de biomassa, P absorvido, equivalente em supertriplo e índice de eficiência agronômica. A eficiência dos fosfatos que continham fósforo não completamente solúvel em água aumentou com os cultivos, mas mesmo assim o fosfato organomineral demonstrou ser uma fonte pouco eficiente para suprir fósforo, independente do tipo de solo. O Mehlich-1 não foi um método capaz de discriminar a disponibilidade de P nos solos quando fosfatos de diferentes solubilidades em água foram usados

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-11-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leles_ep_dr_botfca.pdf: 1605420 bytes, checksum: fd161316ca168c50775ac745c3ae8681 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A reduzida eficiência de aproveitamento dos fertilizantes fosfatados é influenciada pela solubilidade de suas fontes. Uma das alternativas para melhorar a disponibilidade de P nos solos e aumentar o aproveitamento dos fertilizantes é a aplicação de silicatos. Para verificar a influência dos corretivos de acidez e das fontes de fósforo nos atributos químicos do solo ao longo do tempo foi realizado o Experimento 1, utilizando um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com dois corretivos de acidez (calcário dolomítico e escória de aciaria) e cinco tratamentos, sendo uma testemunha (sem NPK), uma testemunha relativa (sem fósforo) e os demais tratamentos constituídos de diferentes fontes de fósforo (superfosfato triplo – ST; termofosfato – TM; fosfato natural reativo – FNR). Os corretivos de acidez tiveram mesmo efeito na elevação de pH do solo. A escória de aciaria resultou em maior teor de P apenas 30 dias após incubação. Independente do corretivo, 150 dias após a incubação, o teor de P no solo seguiu a ordem ST > TM = FNR > sem NPK = sem P. Para verificar os atributos químicos do solo, a nutrição e a produção de amendoim e do capim marandu em solos sob a influência dos corretivos de acidez e das fontes de fósforo, foram... / The low efficiency of utilization of phosphates fertilizers is influenced by the solubility of its sources. An alternative to improve the availability of P in soils and increase the use of fertilizers is the use of silicates. To evaluate the influence of the acidity correctives and sources of phosphorus in soil chemical properties over time, the Experiment 1 was performed using a Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x5, with two acidity correctives (dolomitic limestone and steel slag) and five treatments, as a control (without NPK), a relative control (without phosphorus) and the other treatments consisting of different phosphorus sources (triple superphosphate - TS, thermo phosphate - TM and reactive natural phosphate - FNR). The acidity correctives had the same effect in the rise of soil pH, and the steel slag resulted in higher value than limestone in P resin in soil only 30 days after incubation. Independent of the acidity correctives, 150 days after incubation, the value of soil P followed the order ST > TM = FNR > sem NPK = sem P. To evaluate the chemical soil properties, nutrition and production of peanuts and grass in soils under the influence of the acidity correctives and phosphorus sources, were conducted the Experiments 2 and 3 in FCA – UNESP, Botucatu campus. In peanuts, the application of steel slag resulted in highest plants with biggest leaves+stalk dry matter production than limestone, however the grain dry matter per vase was biggest when the limestone was applied, following the order TM = FNR > ST > sem P in this corrective. In marandu grass, comparing the correctives, with steel slag the total production of dry matter was upper in the soil control and the limestone in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 195-230. In this study the soil aqueous phase chemistry of Zn and Cu in alkaline sodic soils are investigated. The chemistry of trace metal ions at indigenous concentrations in alkaline sodic soils are reported. Metal ions at low concentrations are measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique.

Résumé La plupart des régions équatoriales humides, dont fait partie le Rwanda, sont caractérisées par une altération avancée des roches, des températures relativement élevées, de fortes intensités des pluies qui se traduisent par des phénomènes de ruissellement et dérosion accompagnées par la lixiviation déléments nutritifs avec pour corollaires lacidification et la réduction de la fertilité des sols. Lun des moyens daméliorer la fertilité passe par la mise en uvre de techniques destinées à modifier les caractéristiques défavorables du sol. Ce travail a pour objectif dévaluer les effets de lapport dans le sol de biomasses végétales fraîches collectées dans le milieu naturel, combinées avec du travertin, sur lamélioration de la fertilité et de la productivité des sols acides du Rwanda. Afin datteindre ce but, deux types dessais ont été mis en place sur le terrain au niveau du site de Rubona en moyenne altitude et de Gakuta en haute altitude. Il sagit tout dabord dun essai portant sur la mise en culture en milieu naturel de deux espèces végétales Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray et Tephrosia vogelii (Hook F) et lévaluation de leur production en biomasse et en quantités déléments. Lautre essai, consiste en lévaluation des caractéristiques des sols et des rendements de la culture du maïs des parcelles fertilisées avec les biomasses de ces espèces et/ou de NPK chacun combiné ou non avec du travertin. Le choix de Tithonia diversifolia a été basé sur son potentiel fertilisant et de production en biomasse tandis que celui de Tephrosia vogelii sur son utilisation dans les exploitations agricoles sous forme de haie anti-érosive. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que ces espèces ont un potentiel élevé de production en biomasse et en accumulation déléments dans leurs milieux écologiques favorables. Elles donnent des rendements de 18,7 t.ha-1.an-1 pour Tithonia diversifolia à Rubona et 11,4 t.ha-1.an-1 pour Tephrosia vogelii à Gakuta. Au terme de quatre saisons culturales dexpérimentation, les traitements avec la biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia combinée au travertin ont significativement augmenté le pH, la CECE, le Veff et réduit le taux de saturation en aluminium échangeable dans les deux sites. A Rubona, laugmentation de 0,8 unité de pH a induit un écart positif de 43,9 % et 2,9 cmolc.kg-1 de sol respectivement pour Veff et de CECE et une réduction de 60 à 11 % pour mAl. A Gakuta, ces écarts sont respectivement de 20,5 % et 4,1 cmolc.kg-1 de sol et de 20 à 0,4 % pour une amélioration de 0,7 unité de pH. Ce même traitement et celui relatif à la biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia seule ont amélioré les teneurs en Cot des sols de 0,1 à 0,5 %. Les effets des traitements sur la disponibilité du phosphore sont les plus marqués avec lengrais minéral NPK utilisé seul ou en combinaison avec le travertin. Les teneurs correspondantes ont été multipliées par 2,8 et 2,7 à Rubona et 1,3 à Gakuta à la quatrième saison. Sagissant des paramètres microbiologiques du sol (azote microbien, carbone microbien, respiration basale et respiration induite par le substrat), une amélioration sensible a été observée dans les traitements avec la biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia ou de Tephrosia vogelii en combinaison avec le travertin ou de la biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia appliquée seule. Lanalyse des échantillons de terres par la méthode de spectroscopie proche infrarouge a permis de prédire avec la meilleure précision (0,8<r2<1,0 et 2,3<RPD<5,4) la plupart des paramètres chimiques et microbiologiques pris en compte dans cette étude (pH, Cot, Nt, CEC, CECE, Nmic, Cmic, RBAS, RIS). Pour le maïs, les rendements en biomasse et en grains sont positivement influencés par le traitement avec la biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia combinée avec du travertin. Ce traitement présente une meilleure efficience agronomique. A la quatrième saison, le rendement en grain pour ce traitement a été multiplié par 4,7 et 2,8 par rapport au témoin respectivement à Rubona et à Gakuta.

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 195-230. / xx, 320 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / In this study the soil aqueous phase chemistry of Zn and Cu in alkaline sodic soils are investigated. The chemistry of trace metal ions at indigenous concentrations in alkaline sodic soils are reported. Metal ions at low concentrations are measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1998