Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-196).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Psychology, August 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-30). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Villanova University, 2006. / Psychology Dept. Includes bibliographical references.

The main ongoing debate within the recently-established field of Third Language (L3) Acquisition revolves around which of the previously-acquired languages prevails as a source of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) during production in the target language. Whereas several factors have been found to promote CLI, the existing body of L3 research points to a potential stronger rivalry between two of them: typology, or the relative distance among the languages involved, and second language (L2) status, also known as foreign language effect. In fact, they are at the core of two models of multilingual transfer that stem from the area of L3 morphosyntax, namely the Typology Primacy Model (TPM; Rothman, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015), and the L2 Status Factor Model (L2 SFM; Bardel & Falk, 2007, 2012). For the most part, claims backing a more determinant role for typology come from studies investigating lexis. Whether or not typology overrides the effect of the L2 with regards to syntax and phonology as well is less clear. On the one hand, studies focusing on syntactic CLI can be divided into those whose findings suggest a crucial role either for the L1 (Na Raong & Leung, 2009) or for the L2 (Bardel & Falk, 2007), those in which findings point to typology as the deciding factor in determining a source of CLI (Rothman, 2011), and those that fail to show any influence from the L2 on the L3 (Håkansson, Pienemann, & Sayehli, 2002) even when the L2 and the L3 are typologically close (Martínez Adrián, 2005). On the other hand, results from previous research investigating phonological CLI also yield three main distinct findings: i) a more marked L2 effect (Llama, Cardoso & Collins, 2010), ii) a predominant influence from the first language (L1; Llisterri & Poch, 1987), and iii) combined CLI, that is, the L1 and the L2 concur in influencing the L3 (Wrembel, 2014). The primary goal of this dissertation is to add to the debate by looking into all three sub-areas among trilinguals at a high-intermediate to advanced level of proficiency, which has been the least targeted proficiency level until now. The selected topics, per area, are: lexical inventions, relative clause attachment preferences (RCA), and voice onset time (VOT). The secondary goal was to compare the relative influences of typology and L2 status across sub-areas, and to examine all results in light of three of the current L3 multilingual transfer models, the TPM, the L2 SFM, and the Cumulative Enhancement Model (CEM; Flynn, Foley, & Vinnitskaya, 2004). The results obtained are in clear agreement with previous reports in the area of lexis. However, the interplay of our trilinguals’ linguistic systems with regard to RCA and VOT is more complex. Findings in these areas seem to suggest that other factors (language exposure in the case of RCA, and the L1, in the case of VOT) may trump the two under investigation.

Bibliography: pages 166-172. / This study examines critically recent research in the area of child language development, with an emphasis on research into semantic development. Various research articles, in particular, are analysed, with particular attention being given to experimental studies. In addition, research into language development in the naturalistic mode is discussed. The validity of research into language development in experimental contexts is questioned. Specific methods employed in experimental studies of language development are discussed critically. These methods are contrasted with methods used in a number of naturalistic studies. Recent research into semantic development is placed in the perspective of the study of semantics as a whole. The principal finding of this study is that research into language development in artificial experimental settings does not allow for valid conclusions to be drawn. Naturalistic studies are preferred in that they allow for language development, and semantic development in particular, to be placed in the context of overall child development. Language development is not able to be abstracted, for research purposes, from the totality of human development. Semantic development is viewed as a continuous process, lasting well into adulthood. The importance of the study of semantic development as part of semantics is emphasised.

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Malgré le développement des opérations de FA bancaires, toutes ne permettent pas d’augmenter la performance des entreprises concernées. En effet, le taux d’échec de ces opérations est élevé et depuis longtemps des chercheurs s’interrogent fortement sur les réelles raisons de ces échecs. Beaucoup de facteurs influençant la performance ont été avancés pour expliquer le succès ou l’échec d’une opération de FA mais ces études se sont souvent basées sur des méthodes de recherches quantitatives ne permettant pas de détecter un seul facteur précis et majeur ressortant le plus de l’ensemble des éléments influençant la performance et expliquant le résultat de l’opération de FA réalisée. En effet, une vison exclusivement financière constitue une vision étroite de ce qu’est une opération de FA bancaire, vu que son succès ou son échec dépend également de la réalisation d’unesynergie concernant les domaines stratégique, processuel, organisationnel et culturel de ces opérations. C’est dans cette optique que notre étude s’est donnée pour ambition d’examiner la problématique suivante : quel facteur déterminant explique le succès ou l’échec perçu des FA dans le secteur bancaire ? C’est donc à travers une étude qualitative, constituée et analysée par la méthode de cas multiples et composée d’un échantillon de 17 entretiens, que nos investigations tentent d’expliquer comment se fait l’arbitrage entre la performance des FA, à savoir un résultat positif ou négatif réalisé, et la perception qu’ont les acteurs, ayant vécu de près ou de loin une opération de rapprochement tel qu’une opérationde FA bancaire, de cette performance. Enfin, notre recherche montre que la dimension organisationnelle est au coeur de nos résultats ayant un impact décisif sur le résultat de l’opération de FA bancaire qu’il soit positif (succès) ou négatif (échec). / Despite of the banking M&A development, all do not allow to increase the performance of theconcerned companies. Indeed, the rate of failure of these operations is hight and since a long time, researchers wonder strongly about the real reasons of these failures. Many factors influencing the performance were moved forward to explain the success or the failure ofa M&A operation ; but these studies, have often based themselves on quantitative esearches methodsnot allowing to detect a single precise and major factor standing out most from all the elements influencing the performance and explaining the merger and acquisition result. Indeed, one exclusively financial vision constitutes a narrow vision of what a banking M&A operation is as its success or its failure also depends on the synergy realization concerning strategic domains, processuel, organizational and cultural of these operations.The mission of our study is to examine the following issue : What determining factor explains the M&A success or failure perceived in the banking sector? Through a qualitative study, constituted and analyzed by the multiples cases method (17 interviews have been conducted), our investigations have tryied to explain how the arbitration between the M&A performance is made, namely a positive or negative result realized, and the performance perceptionwhich have the actors, having lived closely or remotely a M&A opération. Finally , our research shows that the organizational dimension is at the heart of our results having adecisive impact on the M&A result whether it is positive (success) or negative (failure).

by Yang Xiaolu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-140). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Parameter Model of Acquisition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Positive Evidence, Negative Evidence and the Catapult Hypothesis" --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Focus of the Present Study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- The Organization of the Thesis --- p.9 / Chapter 2. --- Null Arguments: A Theory of Parameters and Language Acquisition --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- A Theory of Parameters: the Null Argument Parameters --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Predicting and Explaining L1 Acquisition --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- A Summary of Research Findings --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Initial Setting --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Identification of Early Null Arguments --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Triggers in the L1 Acquisition of the Target Parameters --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- A Review of L2 Acquisition Studies: Related Issues --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Null Argument Phenomenon in L2 Acquisition --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Initial Setting and the Role of L1 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Identification of the Null Arguments in Interlanguages --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Parameter Resetting and Triggers --- p.37 / Chapter 3. --- The Formulation of The Present Study --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Status of Null Arguments in Chinese --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Null Argument Parameters in Chinese and English --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- Resetting the Null Argument Parameters and Unlearning Null Arguments --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- Suggesting Triggers in the L2 Acquisition of English --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- "Predictions: Null Arguments, Triggers and ILs" --- p.57 / Chapter 4. --- The Present Study (I): The Experiment´ؤMethodology --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Subjects --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Tasks --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- Coding and Marking --- p.67 / Chapter 5. --- The Present Study (II): The Experiment´ؤResults --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- An Overview of the Written Results --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Comparing Task Performance --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1.1 --- Comparing Task 1 and Task2 --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1.2 --- Comparing Task 2 and Task3 --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- An Overall View of the Written Results --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2 --- Null Elements in the Interlanguages of Chinese Learners of English --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Null Subjects and Null Objects --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Null Expletives --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Null Subjects in Matrix Clauses and Tensed Embedded Clauses --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- Null Thematic Subjects --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- Null Expletive Subjects --- p.86 / Chapter 5.3 --- Infl and Null Thematic Subjects --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4 --- Expletives and Null Arguments --- p.92 / Chapter 5.5 --- Results: Oral Task --- p.94 / Chapter 6. --- Discussion --- p.97 / Chapter 6.1 --- The Expletives-as-triggers Hypothesis Reconsidered --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2 --- "There, Weather it and Raising it: Their Status as the Triggering Experience" --- p.101 / Chapter 6.3 --- Triggering the Unlearning of Null Arguments --- p.108 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.112 / Appendix --- p.118 / References --- p.134