Actinomycosis is generally looked upon as a rare disease, but, in the experience of many who are constantly on the look out for this condition, this would appear to be by no means the case. It seems probable that many are mistaken for another of the infective granuloata, namely - Tuberculosis - which this disease resembles in many respects; or again for malignant disease. Early writers described conditions which were identical with actinomycosis, but classed them as Tuberculous or Cancerous affection. In France in 1826, Leblanc described a disease in cattle characterised by swelling of the jaw. In England in 1833, Professor Dick described a condition of swelling of the jaws in cattle called "clyers"; and, in 1841, stated that the disease was known to affect man in the jaw. In 1845 Langenbeck reported a case of vertebral caries, with yellow grains in the pus. In 1850, Davaine described a case of tumour of the jaw in an ox, in the discharge from which there were yellow granules, which under the microscope had neither the characters of tubercle nor of pus. In 1868, Rivolta discovered rod shaped bodies in pus from tumours of jaws of oxen, which rods he compared to rods of the retina. He attepted innoculation, but failed. Bollinger, in 1878, proved that the granules from the tumours of jaws of oxen had a casual relation to the disease: these same granules were examined by Harz, the botanist of Munich, who recognised their parasitic nature, and gave the name "Actinomycosis Bovis". Israel, in 1878, published in "Virchow's Archives" two cases of Mycosis in man, describing and making drawings of the fungus. In 1879, Ponfick suggested the identity of the disease in man and the lower animals. Then Johne succeeded in producing the disease in the ox by inoculation.

No description available.

Thesis--University of Turku, 1986. / Also published in: Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society, 1986, Vol. 82, Suppl. VII. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Turku, 1986. / Also published in: Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society, 1986, Vol. 82, Suppl. VII. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Many causes of esophagitis exist in immunocompromised patients. Uncommon pathogens must be considered to facilitate timely and appropriate therapy. A limited number of cases of esophageal actinomycosis have been reported. This report describes an unusual case of esophageal actinomycosis in a patient with persistent dysphagia. The broad differential may have delayed definitive diagnosis in the case study patient. Biopsy and culture are essential for accurate diagnosis. Although actinomycosis is a rare disease, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with oral or esophageal complaints. It may also be considered as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. The treatment of choice is parenteral penicillin G, 18 to 24 million units for 2 to 6 weeks followed by oral therapy for 6-12 months.

Jaw disease in kangaroos and wallabies, while uncommon in animals living in the free state, is a major cause of death in captive macropods. There are two major schools of thought regarding its aetiology. The first accepts the findings of Fox (1923) and considers the disease to be actinomycosis while the second believes jaw disease to be one manifestation of necrobacillosis. Regardless of the belief of the authors the clinical and pathological descriptions indicate the condition attacking macropods throughout the world is a single disease. / Over one hundred affected macropods were examined during the course of this study and few species were found to be spared from jaw disease. Cases of lumpy jaw most commonly occurred in the winter months. All ages of macropods were affected although a higher prevalence was recorded in younger animals; however this may have been a reflection of the age of macropods in the zoo under study. The most common site of infection was the premolar and anterior molar region of the oral cavity, regardless of the age of the animal. The gross pathological findings were similar to the descriptions of affected animals by various authors throughout the world. The site of infection could generally be recognized at the gingival crevice, commonly between teeth, and excessive calculus formation associated with gingivitis and gingival recession was a common finding in affected animals. Penetration of the gingival mucosae by plant fibre was not found to be a significant predisposing factor in the initiation of the disease. (For complete abstract open document.)

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Descrição: As doenças causadas por actinomicetos patógenos, aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativos, diferem consideravelmente no que diz respeito à sua etiologia, patogênese, apresentação clínica e epidemiologia. Objetivos: Analisar a distribuição etária, manifestações clínicas, doenças de base e condições associadas, achados radiológicos, microbiológicos, tratamento e evolução, nos pacientes com actinomicetoses (actinomicose, nocardiose, rodococose). Delineamento: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, prontuários de pacientes com achados microbiológicos positivos para infecções por actinomicetos. Local do estudo: Um hospital universitário de atendimento terciário em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Pacientes e métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo, pacientes com diagnóstico de actinomicose, nocardiose e rodococose, num período de 1978 a 2009. Os critérios microscópicos para o diagnóstico de actinomicetose foram os seguintes: actinomicose - composto por grânulos actinomicóticos, filamentos Gram-positivos, não ácido-resistentes; nocardiose - bactérias filamentosas ramificadas, Gram-positivas, e ácido-resistentes; rodococose - cocobacilos Gram-positivos, ácido resistentes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 59 pacientes com actinomicetose. Actinomicose foi obervada em 27 pacientes entre 8 e 65 anos (idade média de 39,9 anos), 22 do sexo masculino (81,5%). Doença oral (cárie dentária, a doença periodontal) esteve frequentemente associada, sendo procedimento odontológico o fator de risco mais importante. A apresentação clínica foi actinomicose torácica em 24 casos, em dois facial e em um cérvico-facial e mediastinal. O diagnóstico microscópico foi positivo em 25, com o isolamento do organismo em cultivo anaeróbico em um, e, pelo teste de imunofluorescência direta em um. Estes dois últimos casos foi identificado como A. israelii. O tratamento mais utilizado consiste na administração prolongada de penicilina e esteve associado a boa evolução na maioria dos casos. Nocardiose foi observada em 27 pacientes, a idade variou entre 21 e 84 anos, idade média de 51,8 anos. A manifestação mais comum foi pneumonia cavitária, apresentado no paciente imunossuprimido, especialmente recebendo altas doses de corticoterapia. Todos os casos foram positivos para filamentos bacterianos ramificados Gram-positivos, ácido resistentes, sugestivos de espécies de Nocardia. Nocardia sp foi isolada em 14 casos, ―N. asteroides” em 7, N. farcinica em 2, N. brasiliensis em 1, N. pseudobrasiliensis em 1, N. abscessus em 1 e N. cyriacigeorgica em 1. Doze pacientes foram a óbito e os restantes tiveram melhora clínica. A rodococose foi diagnosticada em 5 pacientes, com idade, no momento do diagnóstico, de 22-69 anos (média de 45,6). Rhodococcus foi isolado em todos os 5 casos, três pacientes imunodeprimidos apresentaram infecção pulmonar pelo R. equi. O caso do paciente com HIV/AIDS foi fatal. Conclusões: Esta experiência, indica que a informação clínica associada ao Gram e a ácido-resistência em amostras clínicas é útil no reconhecimento da infecção por actinomicetos. A actinomicetose deve ser sempre considerada em pacientes apresentando doença febril supurativa ou radiografia de tórax anormal, em paciente com estado imune alterado causado por determinadas drogas (corticoterapia) e condições associadas (HIV/AIDS). / Background: Diseases caused by pathogenic aerobic and facultative anaerobic actinomycetes differ considerably with respect to their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical appearence and epidemiology. Objectives: To analyse the age distribution, clinical manifestations, underlying diseases and associated medical conditions, radiographic findings, microbiology, treatment and outcome, in patients with actinomycetosis (actinomycosis, nocardiosis, rhodococcosis). Design: The medical records of patients with positive microbiology findings to actinomycetes infections were retrospectively analysed. Settings: A university-based tertiary care hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Patients and methods: From 1978 through 2009 patients diagnosed with actinomycosis, nocardiosis, and rhodococcosis were included in this study. The microscopic criteria for diagnosis of actinomycetosis were as follow: actinomycosis –granules composed by branching Gram-positive organisms non acid-fast stained; nocardiosis - branched filamentous, Gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria; rhodococcosis - coccobacilli Gram-positive, and acid-fast organism. Results: Sixty-five patients with actinomycetosis were included. Actinomycosis was oberved in 27 patients between 8 and 65 years old (mean age, 39,9 years), 22 were male (81,5%). Oral disease (poor dentition, periodontal disease) frequently associated with dental procedure was the most important risk factor. The clinical presentation was thoracic actinomycosis in 24 cases, facial in two, and cervico-facial and mediastinal one. Microcopic diagnosis were positive in 25, recovery of organism in anaerobic culture in one, and by fluorescent antibody test in one. These last two cases was identified as A. israelii. Treatment most commonly consisted of prolonged administration of penicillin and was associated with good outcome in the majority of cases. Nocardiosis was observed in 27 patients, aged 21 to 84 years old, with a mean age of 51,8 years. Cavitary pneumonia was the most common manifestation, presented in immunosuppresed patient, especially receiving high-dose corticotherapy. All cases were positive for branching Gram-positive, acid-fast bacterial filaments, suggestive of a Nocardia species. Nocardia sp was isolated in 14 cases, ―N. asteroides” in 7, N. farcinica in 2, N. brasiliensis in 1, N. pseudobrasiliensis in 1, N. abscessus in 1 and N. cyriacigeorgica in 1. Twelve patients died and the remaining cases were well improved. The diagnosis of rhodococcosis was made in five patients, ranged in age at time of diagnosis from 22 to 69 years, with a mean age of 45,6 years. Rhodococcus was isolated in all 5 cases, three immunocompromised patients showed pulmonary infection by R. equi. The case with HIV/AIDS was fatal. Conclusions: This experience, indicates that clinical information with Gram and acid-fast stains on clinical specimens is helpful in recognizing the possibility os actinomycetes should always be considered as a cause os suppurative febrile illness or abnormal chest roentgenograms in patient who may have an altered immune status caused by certain drugs (corticotherapy) and underlying conditions (HIV/AIDS).

Descrição: As doenças causadas por actinomicetos patógenos, aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativos, diferem consideravelmente no que diz respeito à sua etiologia, patogênese, apresentação clínica e epidemiologia. Objetivos: Analisar a distribuição etária, manifestações clínicas, doenças de base e condições associadas, achados radiológicos, microbiológicos, tratamento e evolução, nos pacientes com actinomicetoses (actinomicose, nocardiose, rodococose). Delineamento: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, prontuários de pacientes com achados microbiológicos positivos para infecções por actinomicetos. Local do estudo: Um hospital universitário de atendimento terciário em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Pacientes e métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo, pacientes com diagnóstico de actinomicose, nocardiose e rodococose, num período de 1978 a 2009. Os critérios microscópicos para o diagnóstico de actinomicetose foram os seguintes: actinomicose - composto por grânulos actinomicóticos, filamentos Gram-positivos, não ácido-resistentes; nocardiose - bactérias filamentosas ramificadas, Gram-positivas, e ácido-resistentes; rodococose - cocobacilos Gram-positivos, ácido resistentes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 59 pacientes com actinomicetose. Actinomicose foi obervada em 27 pacientes entre 8 e 65 anos (idade média de 39,9 anos), 22 do sexo masculino (81,5%). Doença oral (cárie dentária, a doença periodontal) esteve frequentemente associada, sendo procedimento odontológico o fator de risco mais importante. A apresentação clínica foi actinomicose torácica em 24 casos, em dois facial e em um cérvico-facial e mediastinal. O diagnóstico microscópico foi positivo em 25, com o isolamento do organismo em cultivo anaeróbico em um, e, pelo teste de imunofluorescência direta em um. Estes dois últimos casos foi identificado como A. israelii. O tratamento mais utilizado consiste na administração prolongada de penicilina e esteve associado a boa evolução na maioria dos casos. Nocardiose foi observada em 27 pacientes, a idade variou entre 21 e 84 anos, idade média de 51,8 anos. A manifestação mais comum foi pneumonia cavitária, apresentado no paciente imunossuprimido, especialmente recebendo altas doses de corticoterapia. Todos os casos foram positivos para filamentos bacterianos ramificados Gram-positivos, ácido resistentes, sugestivos de espécies de Nocardia. Nocardia sp foi isolada em 14 casos, ―N. asteroides” em 7, N. farcinica em 2, N. brasiliensis em 1, N. pseudobrasiliensis em 1, N. abscessus em 1 e N. cyriacigeorgica em 1. Doze pacientes foram a óbito e os restantes tiveram melhora clínica. A rodococose foi diagnosticada em 5 pacientes, com idade, no momento do diagnóstico, de 22-69 anos (média de 45,6). Rhodococcus foi isolado em todos os 5 casos, três pacientes imunodeprimidos apresentaram infecção pulmonar pelo R. equi. O caso do paciente com HIV/AIDS foi fatal. Conclusões: Esta experiência, indica que a informação clínica associada ao Gram e a ácido-resistência em amostras clínicas é útil no reconhecimento da infecção por actinomicetos. A actinomicetose deve ser sempre considerada em pacientes apresentando doença febril supurativa ou radiografia de tórax anormal, em paciente com estado imune alterado causado por determinadas drogas (corticoterapia) e condições associadas (HIV/AIDS). / Background: Diseases caused by pathogenic aerobic and facultative anaerobic actinomycetes differ considerably with respect to their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical appearence and epidemiology. Objectives: To analyse the age distribution, clinical manifestations, underlying diseases and associated medical conditions, radiographic findings, microbiology, treatment and outcome, in patients with actinomycetosis (actinomycosis, nocardiosis, rhodococcosis). Design: The medical records of patients with positive microbiology findings to actinomycetes infections were retrospectively analysed. Settings: A university-based tertiary care hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Patients and methods: From 1978 through 2009 patients diagnosed with actinomycosis, nocardiosis, and rhodococcosis were included in this study. The microscopic criteria for diagnosis of actinomycetosis were as follow: actinomycosis –granules composed by branching Gram-positive organisms non acid-fast stained; nocardiosis - branched filamentous, Gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria; rhodococcosis - coccobacilli Gram-positive, and acid-fast organism. Results: Sixty-five patients with actinomycetosis were included. Actinomycosis was oberved in 27 patients between 8 and 65 years old (mean age, 39,9 years), 22 were male (81,5%). Oral disease (poor dentition, periodontal disease) frequently associated with dental procedure was the most important risk factor. The clinical presentation was thoracic actinomycosis in 24 cases, facial in two, and cervico-facial and mediastinal one. Microcopic diagnosis were positive in 25, recovery of organism in anaerobic culture in one, and by fluorescent antibody test in one. These last two cases was identified as A. israelii. Treatment most commonly consisted of prolonged administration of penicillin and was associated with good outcome in the majority of cases. Nocardiosis was observed in 27 patients, aged 21 to 84 years old, with a mean age of 51,8 years. Cavitary pneumonia was the most common manifestation, presented in immunosuppresed patient, especially receiving high-dose corticotherapy. All cases were positive for branching Gram-positive, acid-fast bacterial filaments, suggestive of a Nocardia species. Nocardia sp was isolated in 14 cases, ―N. asteroides” in 7, N. farcinica in 2, N. brasiliensis in 1, N. pseudobrasiliensis in 1, N. abscessus in 1 and N. cyriacigeorgica in 1. Twelve patients died and the remaining cases were well improved. The diagnosis of rhodococcosis was made in five patients, ranged in age at time of diagnosis from 22 to 69 years, with a mean age of 45,6 years. Rhodococcus was isolated in all 5 cases, three immunocompromised patients showed pulmonary infection by R. equi. The case with HIV/AIDS was fatal. Conclusions: This experience, indicates that clinical information with Gram and acid-fast stains on clinical specimens is helpful in recognizing the possibility os actinomycetes should always be considered as a cause os suppurative febrile illness or abnormal chest roentgenograms in patient who may have an altered immune status caused by certain drugs (corticotherapy) and underlying conditions (HIV/AIDS).