Summary Taiwan¡¦s petroleum market has been deregulated in the wake of the passing of the Petroleum Administration Law. The market structure should have been shifted to monopolistic competition from the monopoly and the price backed to the so-called equilibrium one. Observing its historical data, we can find the effect of the price decrease is not obvious. In this article, we try to explore the reasons for that using the interest group theory in the public choice school. Every interest group demanding regulation decides how much political resource they would provide in light of their own cost benefit analysis. On the other hand, the administration department supplying regulation will be influenced by some variables such as ideology, institutional constraint, and political variance. Finally the political equilibrium price, i.e. output of regulation, will be reached through adjusting both sides each other.

Thesis (M.A. (Human Rights))--Mahidol University, 2006. / LICL has E-Thesis 0016 ; please contact computer services.

La ricerca indaga il tema dell’incidenza delle pronunce di incostituzionalità sull’azione amministrativa, con l’intento di osservare le interazioni tra Costituzione e Amministrazione. La trattazione muove dall’esame degli articoli 136 Cost. e 30 l. 87/1953 e rintraccia nel divieto di applicazione della norma incostituzionale (art. 30, co. 3, cit.) la chiave di attivazione dell’efficacia retroattiva delle pronunce di accoglimento. A seguito di un’analisi critica dell’idea tradizionale secondo cui tale divieto operi nel solo ambito processuale, si pone al centro della riflessione il rilievo per cui l’art. 30 co. 3 rappresenta una regola cogente non solo per il giudice, ma anche per l’amministrazione. Tale norma mira, infatti, a qualificare le norme illegittime come oggettivamente inapplicabili e non a connotare soggettivamente l’attività di disapplicazione delle stesse. Si rende, così, necessario esaminare l’autotutela amministrativa sui provvedimenti applicativi della legge illegittima: tale potere, esercitabile oltre i vincoli temporali dell’attività giurisdizionale, è quello che meglio consente di verificare gli eventuali vincoli posti dal giudicato costituzionale all’amministrazione. In particolare, la questione si sviluppa attorno a quei provvedimenti ad efficacia durevole non più impugnabili, che siano ancora produttivi di effetti all’indomani della declaratoria di incostituzionalità. / The research investigates the effects of the declaration of unconstitutionality of a law on the activities of the Public administration. The analysis moves from article 136 of the Italian Constitution and art. 30 par. 3 of l.n. 87/1953, looking at the prohibition of the application of the (declared) unconstitutional law as the key to activate the retroactive effect of the declarations of unconstitutionality by the Constitutional court. Following a critical analysis of the traditional idea that this prohibition operates only as a “procedural” rule, the emphasis is placed on the importance of art. 30 par. 3, which can be seen as a binding rule not only for the judge, but also for the administration itself. The purpose of that rule can be seen, in fact, to “brand” unlawful rules as being objectively inapplicable by any public or private subject. It is therefore necessary to focus on the possibility for the administration to re-examine its acts which were based on the unconstitutional law: that power, exercised beyond the time constraints of the judicial activity, is the one which best suits to verify the existence of constraints imposed by the judgments of the Constitutional court to the administration.

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2007 / Refer to document

This study is a gendered historical analysis of the legal administration of Indian Immigrants in British Colonial Natal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By focusing primarily on the attempts of the Natal Government to intervene in the personal law of especially indentured and ex-indentured Indians, this thesis presents an analysis of the role that gender played in the conceptualization and promulgation of the indentured labour scheme in Natal, and in the subsequent regulation of the lives of Indian immigrants in the Colony. It traces the developments in the administration of Indian women, especially, from the beginning of the indenture system in colonial Natal until the passage of the Indian Marriages Bill of 1907 and attempts to contextualize arguments around these themes within broader colonial discourses and debates, as well as to examine the particularity of such administrative attempts in the Natal context. This study observes the changing nature of 'custom' amongst Indian immigrants and the often simultaneous and contradictory attempts of the Natal colonial administration to at first support, and later, to intervene in what constituted the realm of the customary. Through an analysis of legal administration at different levels of government, this analysis considers the interactions of gender and utilitarian legal discourse under colonialism and, in particular, the complex role of Indian personal law and the ordinary civil laws of the Colony of Natal in both restricting and facilitating the mobility of Indian women brought to Natal under the auspices of the indentured labour system. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

1 Abstract - Administrative penalties and protection measures Description of all administrative penalties and protection measures is the primary goal of this thesis. Due to wide extent of chosen subject, this work aims to individual categories of administrative penalties and protection measures, examines every single condition for its imposition a notices possible contradiction within legislation. The thesis does not include the criteria for imposing penalties, noticed set from section 37 till section 44 Contraventions Act which serve as instruments for determination and length of penalties. Concurrence of contraventions is also not included. In the opening chapter the definition and description of an administrative liability is described as well as basic issues of administrative penalization, considered to be a part of administrative authority's activity. The resemblance of principles of criminal and contravention law is described, that leads to using the same principles either in criminal and contravention law. There's explored what basic sources of administrative penalization are. Each of following chapters describes one of the penalties set in section 35 Contravention Act. Every chapter begins with general description of the penalty and then depicts its main purpose for which it is imposed. Then...