Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 4, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p.151-164 ).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 18, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-176).

Mexico has a high prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents, due to poor nutrition. Paradoxically, too many Mexican children and adolescents are currently overweight or obese (OW/OB). The dual-burden of stunting (low height for age) and OW/OB are nutritional conditions that increase the risk of developing chronic degenerative diseases in adulthood. The persistence of high levels of stunting in southern regions of Mexico, such as Yucatan, may be due to diet changes (nutrition transition) that Yucatecan population has experienced in recent years. Vitamins, such as folic acid (FA) and VB12 are micronutrients necessary for normal metabolism and growth. The relationships between the intake of these micronutrients and growth rate were identified. The impact of micronutrient consumption on body composition was also investigated. The sample population comprised 273 adolescents (152 females) aged 10-18 years, from Merida, Mexico. Dietary information was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) covering 106 local foods. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken, and socioeconomic data were gathered. Data were collected between September 2011 and July 2012. Over 50% of participants had inadequate consumption of both vitamins: 64% had inadequate intake of FA and 69% of VB12. Almost half (46.9%) were either short or stunted, and 33% were at risk of OW/OB. A higher risk of presenting OW/OB was found for participants with FA intake less than the RDI of 400 μg/day and for those with VB12 intake less than the RDI of 2.4 μg/day. No relationship was found between body fat percentage and the consumption of FA or VB12.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-03-08T14:25:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARAISA ISABELA COELHO JUSTINO.pdf: 1709917 bytes, checksum: 3801b55ea888a124f7816c8670d20273 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T14:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARAISA ISABELA COELHO JUSTINO.pdf: 1709917 bytes, checksum: 3801b55ea888a124f7816c8670d20273 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Body?s self-perception includes emotions, thoughts and society?s beauty standards which are influenced by the media and social networks. Body image is, for most adolescents, an important issue in self-acceptance. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adolescents? self-perception and body satisfaction with sexual maturation, anthropometric indicators and socioeconomic factors. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in three units of a non-governmental organization in Campinas city. The sample consisted of 200 adolescents between 10 and 18 years old, of both sexes. Data on age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic conditions were collected. The evaluation of body?s self-perception occurred by a scale of silhouettes in which figures representing ?Me?, ?Healthy? and ?Ideal? were chosen. The classification of body?s satisfaction for each part of the body includes two options ?satisfied? and ?dissatisfied?. Nutritional Status was classified according to Body Mass Index from World Health organization (WHO). Abdominal obesity was evaluated by Waist Circumference (WR) and Waist-Height Ratio (WHR). Images related to different stages were used for sexual maturation self-classification. The majority of participants were female (56.0%), brown and belonged to the economic level C2. Although, 64% were overweight, 78,5% had no cardiovascular risk. Most of the adolescents selected as real image the standard-proportion silhouettes. However, while a third of boys wished larger silhouettes, the same number of girls wished extremely thin silhouettes. In both sex self-image distortion was identified when compared to nutritional status. Body dissatisfaction expressed through the wish to modify the body shape was associated with nutritional status and waist-height ratio. Approximately 80.0% of boys were satisfied with their whole body (considering the body?s parts) and 72.7% of girls were dissatisfied with their bodies. Obese adolescents and those with WHR of risk revealed a bigger tendency to wish to lose weight. The results showed selfimage distortion and body dissatisfaction among adolescents. Socioeconomic level and WHR were the variables that showed associations. Therefore, actions that incentive self-acceptance and prevent further progress of chronic diseases can benefit young people?s health. / A autopercep??o corporal envolve emo??es, pensamentos e padr?es de beleza impostos pela sociedade e difundidos pela m?dia e redes sociais. Grande parte dos adolescentes aponta que a sua imagem corporal ? importante para autoaceita??o. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa visou relacionar a autopercep??o da imagem e satisfa??o corporal de adolescentes com a matura??o sexual, indicadores antropom?tricos e fatores socioecon?micos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em tr?s unidades de uma Organiza??o N?o-Governamental no munic?pio de Campinas-SP. A amostra foi composta por 200 adolescentes de 10 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foram coletados dados sociodemogr?ficos como idade, sexo, etnia e condi??es socioecon?micas. A avalia??o da autopercep??o corporal ocorreu por escala de silhuetas em que os adolescentes escolhiam as figuras que representavam ?EU?, ?SAUD?VEL? e ?IDEAL?. Avaliou-se a satisfa??o corporal por ?reas corporais e os adolescentes foram categorizados em ?satisfeitos? e ?insatisfeitos?. O Estado Nutricional foi classificado a partir do ?ndice de Massa Corporal conforme as curvas da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de. A obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pela Circunfer?ncia de Cintura (CC) e a Rela??o Cintura/Estatura (RCEst). A avalia??o da matura??o sexual foi realizada pela autoclassifica??o usando figuras relativas aos diferentes est?gios. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (56,0%), se autodeclarava parda e pertencia ao estrato socioecon?mico C2. O excesso de peso (sobrepeso+obesidade) estava presente em 64,5% dos adolescentes, por?m 78,5% n?o apresentaram risco cardiovascular. Grande parte dos adolescentes escolheram as silhuetas proporcionais como sendo a sua imagem real. Entretanto, um ter?o dos meninos desejava ter silhuetas mais largas e a mesma propor??o de meninas desejava ter silhuetas extremamente finas. Identificou-se distor??o da autoimagem corporal quando comparado ao estado nutricional real em ambos os sexos. A insatisfa??o corporal manifestada pelo desejo de alterar a forma corporal esteve associada ao estado nutricional e ? rela??o cintura/estatura. Aproximadamente 80,0% dos meninos estavam satisfeitos com seu corpo de modo geral (por ?reas corporais) e 72,7% das meninas estavam insatisfeitas com seu corpo. Os obesos e com RCEst de risco apresentaram mais chance de desejar perder peso. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram distor??o da autoimagem e insatisfa??o corporal entre os adolescentes. As vari?veis que mostraram associa??o com a insatisfa??o corporal foram a RCEst e estrato socioecon?mico. Dessa forma, medidas que incentivem a autoaceita??o e previnam o avan?o das doen?as cr?nicas podem beneficiar ? sa?de da popula??o jovem.

For adolescents, body weight can be a complicated and sometimes difficult issue. Though the majority of adolescents report being aware of normative gendered body ideals, how adolescents incorporate or reject these ideals into their own weight-control decisions or sense of self can vary dramatically, largely in reaction to their social experiences with body ideals in the local, immediate contexts of their daily lives. The role of one such local context - schools - has remained largely unexplored in existing literature. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and multi-level modeling, I investigate the role high school weight cultures play in the development of adolescents’ weight-loss behaviors, overweight self-perceptions, and self-esteem. I employ social comparison theories, specifically the idea of who may serve as a likely target for social comparison - general others, similar others, or high status others - to develop hypotheses about which aspects of the school context may be associated with various aspects of adolescents’ body weight. Overall, my results indicate that there is a strong relationship between adolescents’ weight-loss behavior, self-perception and self-esteem and the weight-related culture in the school. For example, adolescent boys, on average, are significantly less likely to report perceiving themselves as overweight or engaging in weight-loss behaviors when they attend schools where there are many overweight boys in the student body. I also find that there is some variation within the school in terms of which peers are most salient to adolescents’ behaviors and self-perceptions. Both boys and girls are particularly impacted by the values and behaviors of similar others, when similarity is defined by same-sex adolescents of a similar body size. For example, on average, overweight adolescent girls are significantly more likely to report engaging in weight-loss behaviors when a higher proportion of overweight girls in their school also are engaged in weight-loss behaviors. The same pattern is found among adolescent boys. Overall, these findings suggest that meso-level social contexts - like schools - may be particularly important to how individuals incorporate macro-level beliefs or values - like gendered body ideals - into their own behaviors and self-concepts. / text

Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen stellen ein weltweit zunehmendes Gesundheitsproblem dar und sind zur häufigsten chronischen Erkrankung des Kindes- und Jugendalters in der entwickelten Welt geworden. Nicht nur die Prävalenz der Adipositas ist in den letzten 25 Jahren gestiegen, sondern auch der absolute BMI. Die kindliche Adipositas stellt nicht nur ein kosmetisches Problem dar, sondern einen Risikofaktor etwa für Herzerkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus oder Störungen des Bewegungsapparates. Voraussetzung für erfolgreiche Präventions- und Interventionsprogramme ist ein Bewusstsein für Übergewicht und der Wille zur Gewichtsreduktion bei den betroffenen Kindern sowie bei deren Eltern. Diese Dissertation hat daher zwei Ziele: Zunächst wird untersucht, wie Kinder sich und ihren Körper im Vergleich zum tatsächlichen Gewichtsstatus einschätzen. Darüber hinaus wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob Eltern das Vorliegen von Übergewicht oder Adipositas bei ihrem Kind erkennen. Die Dissertation besteht aus einem Artikel. Darin wird gezeigt, dass die meisten Kinder und Jugendlichen sowie ihre Eltern die Adipositas als ein Gesundheitsproblem erkennen. Eine Mehrheit der Kinder und Jugendlichen schätzt ihren eigenen Gewichtsstatus realistisch ein. Die Mehrheit der Eltern erkennt zumindest Übergewicht bei ihrem Kind. Das Ausmaß wird jedoch häufig unterschätzt.