Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-59).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1915. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

This thesis is a report of a study on bone blood flow in adult dogs and rabbits. The effects of epinephrine and some other factors were investigated: (1) by direct observation of bone bleeding through drill holes and in the medullary cavity; (2) by measurement of changes in intramedullary pressure of long bones; and (3) by quantitative estimation of bone blood flow by the Fick principle. A technique was developed for measurement of the initial Sr⁸⁵ clearance by bone by dividing the bone uptake of Sr⁸⁵ by the integrated average concentration of Sr⁸⁵ in the systemic arterial blood. This clearance will represent at least a minimum bone blood flow. It should be equivalent to effective bone blood flow on the assumption that bone clears Sr⁸⁵ rapidly and almost completely from blood circulating through bone by exchange with calcium in bone, just as PAH clearance gives a measure of effective renal blood flow. The normal rate of bone blood flow in adult rabbits by the rate of initial Sr⁸⁵ clearance appeared to be at least 16 ml. per minute per 100 gm. of fresh bone which would represent about 5-10% of the resting cardiac output. The average intramedullary pressure of the femur in dogs was about 55 mm Hg, about 1/2 of the systolic systemic arterial blood pressure. Epinephrine caused a profound reduction in bone blood flow as indicated by reduced bone bleeding, a marked (65%) reduction in intramedullary pressure of bone marrow in the presence of persistently increased systemic blood pressure, and a significant (75%) reduction in Sr⁸⁵ clearance by bone. The changes in intramedullary pressure and in Sr⁸⁵ clearance by bone thus appear to correlate very well with changes in bone blood flow. / Medicine, Faculty of / Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The study of the role of adipose tissue in the maintenance of the caloric homeostasis of organisms is currently the object of widespread research. In particular, the enzymes of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue are being extensively investigated in both intact fat pads and in broken-cell preparations. Special attention is being paid to factors which control the activity of these enzymes. We have examined some properties of a lipase in epididymal fat pads of rats. The enzyme has been assayed by measuring the free fatty acids liberated when triglycerides are incubated with crude adipose tissue extracts. Quantitative measurements of free fatty acids were performed by (a) titrating the liberated acid with dilute alkali solution, and (b) reacting the free fatty acids with Cu⁺⁺ to form the chloroform-soluble copper soap of long chain fatty acids, then assaying the copper with diethyl-dithiocarbamate spectrophotometrically. It is well known that lipase activity in adipose tissue decreases during incubation in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium at 37°C. The de-activated enzyme can be activated by briefly exposing the intact tissue to epinephrine. The study of this epinephrine-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue has been the main object of this thesis. When epinephrine was added to media containing intact epididymal fat pads, the dramatic mobilization of free fatty acids from the pads into the media was observed. When epinephrine was added directly to unfractionated homogenates, little, if any, response was elicited, indicating perhaps that some activating factor was destroyed or diluted out during homogenization. When ATP, cyclic 3',5'-AMP and Mg⁺⁺ were added to unfractionated homogenates of adipose tissue, some lipase activation was observed. Similarly, when these nucleotides and Mg⁺⁺ were added to the supernatant fluid obtained from centrifuged homogenates, some activation of the lipase was observed, although the results obtained were not consistent. Other nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphates generally inhibited lipase activity in the supernatant fluid. Our data indicates that epinephrine activates adipose tissue lipase only when added to the intact fat pad before homogenization. Little or no activation occurred when the amine was added to homogenates. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP had some ability to reactivate the lipase, both in unfractionated homogenates and in the supernatant fluid prepared by centrifugation. The effects, however, were not marked. It is concluded that if epinephrine-activation of adipose tissue is mediated through cyclic 3',5'-AMP, precise conditions for showing this have not yet been achieved. Additional experiments were performed on the epinephrine-sensitive lipase. Intact adipose tissue obtained from reserpinized rats was exposed to epinephrine after a 3-hour incubation period. The results indicated that epinephrine does not activate the lipolytic system in adipose tissue of reserpinized rats. Finally, some of the factors regulating the degree of inactivation of the epinephrine-sensitive lipase during incubation were investigated. Fat pads removed from rats which had been either anaesthetized or not anaesthetized prior to sacrifice were incubated for 3 hours. Data collected from a number of experiments indicated that there were virtually no differences in the extent of lipase inactivation between the two groups of rats. / Medicine, Faculty of / Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of / Graduate

Chum salmon eggs were immersed in thyroxine, in thiourea, in halide salts, and in adrenalin on the day of fertilization and were maintained in these solutions until several months after hatching. All treatments affected growth either favourably or adversely, but only thyroxine and chloride changed body proportions. The changes due to chloride were significantly smaller than those following thyroxine treatment, and it is postulated that they are not “thyroxine-like” in nature. Thiourea inhibited colloid function with the usual hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the gland. Chloride and bromide depressed the heart rate significantly, whilst the other treatments had no effect. Iodide and bromide dispersed melanin pigment but thyroxine concentrated it slightly and adrenalin maximally so that adrenalin treated live fish were very pale. Thyroxine increased markedly the deposition of guanine and must, therefore, accelerate the hydrolysis of nuclear purines. It is concluded that specific effects produced by thyroxine in developing chum salmon are not duplicated by the halides and adrenalin. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

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