Objective. Guided by Pearlin's stress process model, this study explored the health of the adult children caregivers for older adults in mainland China. Methods. Data were from a nationally representative sample of respondents aged 45+ (N=13,204) who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Wave 2 (2013). Using logistic regression techniques, the first analysis focused on the relationship between caregiver status and social determinants of health and health disparities. For the second analysis, the moderating effect of employment status on caregiving time and depressive symptoms among 1,082 adult children caregivers was examined using multiple linear regression. Results. Adult children who were women, urban residents, younger, married, and had high school or more education were more likely to be caregivers than non-caregivers. Caregivers were more likely to live alone or live in three generation households and report fewer difficulties with physical functions compared to non-caregivers. Among caregivers, adult children who spent more hours providing care were more likely to experience more depressive symptoms as were adult children who were working outside of the home. The effect of caregiving time on depressive symptoms was moderated by employment status and gender. Unemployed men caregivers who spent more hours providing care reported the most depressive symptoms. Conversely, unemployed men caregivers who spent fewer hours providing care reported lowest level of depressive symptoms. / Ph. D. / This study focused on the health of adult children who provide care for older parents in mainland China. I analyzed social influences on health of caregivers versus non-caregivers and whether health differed in the two groups. In addition, I explored how working or not working and time spent providing care affected feelings of depression among adult child caregivers. Date for the study came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Wave 2, collected in 2013. The 13,204 participants, aged 45 and older, represented all regions of China. Of these, 1,082 were providing care for a parent. First, I compared the personal characteristics of caregivers and non-caregivers to see if there were any differences between the two groups. Second, I examined the connection between the amount of time spent on caregiving and feelings of depression, and whether being employed or not made a difference in the time-depression connection. The findings showed that adult children who were women, living in urban areas, younger, married, and had high school or more education were more likely to be caregivers than non-caregivers. Caregivers were more likely to live alone or live in three generation households. Caregivers were more likely to better physical functioning compared to non-caregivers. Those who spent more hours providing care reported more depressive symptoms, and so did caregivers who were working outside of the home. Unemployed men caregivers who spent more hours providing care reported the most symptoms of depression. Unemployed men caregivers who spent fewer hours providing care reported the fewest depressive symptoms. Understanding the social factors related to health and family caregiving can help policy makers establish programs to support older families in mainland China. In addition, the findings can help shape health-related programs and community services for adult children caregivers that will actually meet their needs.