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Cause-related marketing is a marketing strategy used by enterprises to enhance brand images and to stimulate sales, via cooperating with non-profit organizations or supporting particular issues. This study aims to know about the experiences in cause-related marketing, the intentions for adapting the marketing strategy and to explore the views and opinions toward the cause-related marketing from the perspective of non-profit organizations. The study employs the depth interview method of qualitative research and focuses on the non-profit organizations which are engaging in the child welfare and also carrying the affinity cards. Based on the study results, there is no consistent module throughout the cooperating period, yet the level of involvement of the enterprises will be a key factor influencing the effectiveness of cause-related marketing. The two main intentions drive the non-profit organizations toward the cause-related marketing are increase in income and reputation. Noticeably, the size of the market will limit the growth of the affinity cards and the organization flexibility will also be affected by the cooperating partners simultaneously. Furthermore, the size of the non-profit organizations shows no significant difference on the intentions of carrying the affinity cards. Upon selecting business partners, non-profit organizations consider reputation and motif as the most important issue, secondly is the resources and structures of the enterprise, and lastly is the adequate obtainment of benefits. When dealing with the funding received, the existence of the contract will be the first priority. If there is no limitation applied, the organization will make the decisions depends on the cause presented. The three non-profit organizations interviewed all regard the cause-related marketing as one of the business marketing strategies. They all agree that it is a win-win or even tri-win structure, and enterprises can make concrete contributions to the society through it.

Inaug.-Diss. -- Cologne. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-256).

The epigenetic post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins are numerous and have an important role in regulating cellular development. Molecular recognition elements that can bind directly to epigenetic PTMs have previously been developed. The most synthetically accessible of these are a family of molecules called monoaryl-trisulfonate calix[4]arenes. The initial goal of this thesis was to develop research tools consisting of these asymmetrically-derivatized calixarenes immobilized onto a solid resin for the purpose of enrichment of PTM-bearing species. Seven novel resin-immobilized calixarene reagents were created and employed in batch-wise pulldown experiments, as well as chromatographic separations. These experiments produced mixed results: poor efficacy was demonstrated in batch-binding experiments but total separation of certain PTM bearing peptides was achieved in a chromatographic approach. During these studies, a subset of these calixarenes were found to undergo self-association in water in a fashion not previously observed for calixarenes. Secondary goals of the thesis were to create new examples of this self-associating motif, and to characterize and develop structure-function relationships for their assemblies. Eight new self-associating calixarenes were developed and characterized extensively by 1H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and X-ray crystallography. Self-association was shown to be enthalpically driven with Kd values ranging from 1-20 mM. The dimeric assembly behaviours were remarkably consistent across many different family members, and were shown to persist even in highly competitive media like mock blood and urine. This system represents a novel class of ordered calixarenes assemblies that operate in biological media. / Graduate / 2016-12-23

This thesis describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of metal-chelating polymers for mass-cytometric bioassays. Mass cytometry is a cell characterization technique in which cells are injected individually into an ICP-MS detector. Signal is provided by staining cell-surface or intracellular antigens with metal-labeled antibodies (Abs). These Abs are labeled through the covalent attachment of metal-chelating polymers which carry multiple copies of a lanthanide isotope. In this work, my first goal was to develop a facile, straightforward synthesis of a new generation of metal-chelating polymers. The synthesis began with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and was followed by numerous post-polymerization pendant group transformations to introduce DTPA lanthanide chelators to every repeat unit, and a maleimide at the end of the chain. The second goal was to apply these metal-chelating polymers in bioassay experiments. The DTPA groups were loaded with lanthanide ions, and the maleimide group was used to covalently attach the polymer to an Ab. This goat anti-mouse conjugate was found to carry an average of 2.4 ± 0.3 polymer chains. Then, primary Ab conjugates were prepared and used in an 11-plex mass cytometry assay in the characterization of umbilical cord blood cells. The third goal was to expand the multiplexity of the assay. In current technology, the number of Abs that can be monitored simultaneously is limited to the 31 commercially available, stable lanthanide isotopes. Thus, I had an interest in preparing metal-chelating polymers that could carry other metals in the 100-220 amu range. I synthesized polymers with four different polyaminocarboxylate ligands, and investigated the loading of palladium and platinum ions into these polymers. Polymer-Ab conjugates prepared with palladium- and platinum-loaded polymers gave curious results, in that only dead cells were recognized. The fourth goal was to create dual-purpose Ab tags. My approach was to synthesize polymers similar to those described above, but which also carried two to six fluorescent dyes. Polymer-Ab conjugates prepared with four different dye-labeled polymers gave mixed results. Two of the four conjugates performed well in FACS and mass cytometric assays, but the other two did not. Further experiments are needed to overcome this problem.

This thesis describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of metal-chelating polymers for mass-cytometric bioassays. Mass cytometry is a cell characterization technique in which cells are injected individually into an ICP-MS detector. Signal is provided by staining cell-surface or intracellular antigens with metal-labeled antibodies (Abs). These Abs are labeled through the covalent attachment of metal-chelating polymers which carry multiple copies of a lanthanide isotope. In this work, my first goal was to develop a facile, straightforward synthesis of a new generation of metal-chelating polymers. The synthesis began with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and was followed by numerous post-polymerization pendant group transformations to introduce DTPA lanthanide chelators to every repeat unit, and a maleimide at the end of the chain. The second goal was to apply these metal-chelating polymers in bioassay experiments. The DTPA groups were loaded with lanthanide ions, and the maleimide group was used to covalently attach the polymer to an Ab. This goat anti-mouse conjugate was found to carry an average of 2.4 ± 0.3 polymer chains. Then, primary Ab conjugates were prepared and used in an 11-plex mass cytometry assay in the characterization of umbilical cord blood cells. The third goal was to expand the multiplexity of the assay. In current technology, the number of Abs that can be monitored simultaneously is limited to the 31 commercially available, stable lanthanide isotopes. Thus, I had an interest in preparing metal-chelating polymers that could carry other metals in the 100-220 amu range. I synthesized polymers with four different polyaminocarboxylate ligands, and investigated the loading of palladium and platinum ions into these polymers. Polymer-Ab conjugates prepared with palladium- and platinum-loaded polymers gave curious results, in that only dead cells were recognized. The fourth goal was to create dual-purpose Ab tags. My approach was to synthesize polymers similar to those described above, but which also carried two to six fluorescent dyes. Polymer-Ab conjugates prepared with four different dye-labeled polymers gave mixed results. Two of the four conjugates performed well in FACS and mass cytometric assays, but the other two did not. Further experiments are needed to overcome this problem.

Sorption of non-ionic organic compounds to organic matter is usually characterized as a partitioning interaction, which is quantified by K [subscript]oc, the organic-C normalized partitioning coefficient. However K [subscript]oc for any single compound varies considerably between soils, often by a factor of 3-10. This study addresses some of the potential causes of this variability. Forty-four soil cores were collected from a 2 ha paddock. Ten of these cores were selected for sorption measurements. The chemical composition of the soil organic matter (SOM) was determined using ¹³C NMR analysis. It was found that K [subscript]oc for diuron was positively correlated with aryl C (r² = 0.59) and negatively correlated with O-alkyl C (r² = 0.84). There were no such correlations for phenanthrene K [subscript]oc. A second set of experiments was carried out to investigate the effects of SOM– mineral interactions on the sorption properties of a selection of the soils. It was found that HF-treatment increased K [subscript]oc for both phenanthrene and diuron. The HF treatment removes mineral matter leaving the organic phase unaffected by the treatment. The increase in K [subscript]oc on HF-treatment soils provides strong evidence that interactions between organic matter and soil minerals block organic matter sorption sites. Furthermore, following HF-treatment, there was a positive correlation between K [subscript]oc for phenanthrene and aryl C and carbonyl C and a negative correlation with O-alkyl C. This suggests that the non-constancy of the relationship between organic matter chemistry and K [subscript]oc, for whole soils in the case of phenanthrene, may be a consequence of variability of the effect of organic matter-mineral interactions on K [subscript]oc. The influence of lipids on the sorption of diuron and phenanthrene to soils was also investigated. Lipids are known to cover the surfaces of organic matter in soil. K [subscript]oc for diuron and phenanthrene were consistently higher for the lipid-extracted soils than for the whole soils (average of 31% for diuron and 29% for phenanthrene), indicating that lipids block sorption sites on the organic matter. Sorption experiments on one pair of HF-treated soils indicated that the blocking effects of minerals and lipids are independent, because lipid extraction and HF-treatment combined increased K [subscript]oc by more than either treatment alone. In the last experiment, the effect of solvent conditioning on the sorption of diuron and phenanthrene was investigated. The K [subscript]oc values for compounds were consistently higher for solvent-treated whole soil and lipid-extracted soil than corresponding soils before solvent treatment. Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra of the solvent-treated soils indicated that there were no significant changes in the chemical structure of SOM caused by solvent treatment. Solvent treatment changes the physical conformation of the SOM, increasing its sorption affinity. The key findings from the research are: • Variations in sorption affinity for diuron are related to differences in the soil organic matter chemistry. • SOM-mineral interactions can have a substantial influence on K [subscript]oc for non- ionic compounds. • Lipids may block the active sorption sites on the SOM thereby diminishing sorption overall. • Solvent conditioning can change the physical conformation of SOM and lead to enhancement sorption of diuron and phenanthrene. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1372068 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2009

Sorption of non-ionic organic compounds to organic matter is usually characterized as a partitioning interaction, which is quantified by K [subscript]oc, the organic-C normalized partitioning coefficient. However K [subscript]oc for any single compound varies considerably between soils, often by a factor of 3-10. This study addresses some of the potential causes of this variability. Forty-four soil cores were collected from a 2 ha paddock. Ten of these cores were selected for sorption measurements. The chemical composition of the soil organic matter (SOM) was determined using ¹³C NMR analysis. It was found that K [subscript]oc for diuron was positively correlated with aryl C (r² = 0.59) and negatively correlated with O-alkyl C (r² = 0.84). There were no such correlations for phenanthrene K [subscript]oc. A second set of experiments was carried out to investigate the effects of SOM– mineral interactions on the sorption properties of a selection of the soils. It was found that HF-treatment increased K [subscript]oc for both phenanthrene and diuron. The HF treatment removes mineral matter leaving the organic phase unaffected by the treatment. The increase in K [subscript]oc on HF-treatment soils provides strong evidence that interactions between organic matter and soil minerals block organic matter sorption sites. Furthermore, following HF-treatment, there was a positive correlation between K [subscript]oc for phenanthrene and aryl C and carbonyl C and a negative correlation with O-alkyl C. This suggests that the non-constancy of the relationship between organic matter chemistry and K [subscript]oc, for whole soils in the case of phenanthrene, may be a consequence of variability of the effect of organic matter-mineral interactions on K [subscript]oc. The influence of lipids on the sorption of diuron and phenanthrene to soils was also investigated. Lipids are known to cover the surfaces of organic matter in soil. K [subscript]oc for diuron and phenanthrene were consistently higher for the lipid-extracted soils than for the whole soils (average of 31% for diuron and 29% for phenanthrene), indicating that lipids block sorption sites on the organic matter. Sorption experiments on one pair of HF-treated soils indicated that the blocking effects of minerals and lipids are independent, because lipid extraction and HF-treatment combined increased K [subscript]oc by more than either treatment alone. In the last experiment, the effect of solvent conditioning on the sorption of diuron and phenanthrene was investigated. The K [subscript]oc values for compounds were consistently higher for solvent-treated whole soil and lipid-extracted soil than corresponding soils before solvent treatment. Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra of the solvent-treated soils indicated that there were no significant changes in the chemical structure of SOM caused by solvent treatment. Solvent treatment changes the physical conformation of the SOM, increasing its sorption affinity. The key findings from the research are: • Variations in sorption affinity for diuron are related to differences in the soil organic matter chemistry. • SOM-mineral interactions can have a substantial influence on K [subscript]oc for non- ionic compounds. • Lipids may block the active sorption sites on the SOM thereby diminishing sorption overall. • Solvent conditioning can change the physical conformation of SOM and lead to enhancement sorption of diuron and phenanthrene. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1372068 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2009

Sorption of non-ionic organic compounds to organic matter is usually characterized as a partitioning interaction, which is quantified by K [subscript]oc, the organic-C normalized partitioning coefficient. However K [subscript]oc for any single compound varies considerably between soils, often by a factor of 3-10. This study addresses some of the potential causes of this variability. Forty-four soil cores were collected from a 2 ha paddock. Ten of these cores were selected for sorption measurements. The chemical composition of the soil organic matter (SOM) was determined using ¹³C NMR analysis. It was found that K [subscript]oc for diuron was positively correlated with aryl C (r² = 0.59) and negatively correlated with O-alkyl C (r² = 0.84). There were no such correlations for phenanthrene K [subscript]oc. A second set of experiments was carried out to investigate the effects of SOM– mineral interactions on the sorption properties of a selection of the soils. It was found that HF-treatment increased K [subscript]oc for both phenanthrene and diuron. The HF treatment removes mineral matter leaving the organic phase unaffected by the treatment. The increase in K [subscript]oc on HF-treatment soils provides strong evidence that interactions between organic matter and soil minerals block organic matter sorption sites. Furthermore, following HF-treatment, there was a positive correlation between K [subscript]oc for phenanthrene and aryl C and carbonyl C and a negative correlation with O-alkyl C. This suggests that the non-constancy of the relationship between organic matter chemistry and K [subscript]oc, for whole soils in the case of phenanthrene, may be a consequence of variability of the effect of organic matter-mineral interactions on K [subscript]oc. The influence of lipids on the sorption of diuron and phenanthrene to soils was also investigated. Lipids are known to cover the surfaces of organic matter in soil. K [subscript]oc for diuron and phenanthrene were consistently higher for the lipid-extracted soils than for the whole soils (average of 31% for diuron and 29% for phenanthrene), indicating that lipids block sorption sites on the organic matter. Sorption experiments on one pair of HF-treated soils indicated that the blocking effects of minerals and lipids are independent, because lipid extraction and HF-treatment combined increased K [subscript]oc by more than either treatment alone. In the last experiment, the effect of solvent conditioning on the sorption of diuron and phenanthrene was investigated. The K [subscript]oc values for compounds were consistently higher for solvent-treated whole soil and lipid-extracted soil than corresponding soils before solvent treatment. Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra of the solvent-treated soils indicated that there were no significant changes in the chemical structure of SOM caused by solvent treatment. Solvent treatment changes the physical conformation of the SOM, increasing its sorption affinity. The key findings from the research are: • Variations in sorption affinity for diuron are related to differences in the soil organic matter chemistry. • SOM-mineral interactions can have a substantial influence on K [subscript]oc for non- ionic compounds. • Lipids may block the active sorption sites on the SOM thereby diminishing sorption overall. • Solvent conditioning can change the physical conformation of SOM and lead to enhancement sorption of diuron and phenanthrene. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1372068 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2009

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1991. / Spine title: Active site configuration of GDH. Typescript. References: leaves 73-75.