<p>The agricultural data landscape is largely dysfunctional because of the industry’s highvariability  in  scale,  scope,  technological  adoption,  and  relationships.   Integrated  data  andmodels of agricultural sub-systems could be used to advance decision-making, but interoperability  challenges  prevent  successful  innovation.   In  this  work,  temporal  and  geospatial indexing  strategies  and  aggregation  were  explored  toward  the  development  of  functional data  structures  for  soils,  weather,  solar,  and  machinery-collected  yield  data  that  enhance data context, scalability, and sharability.</p> <p>The data structures were then employed in the creation of decision support tools including web-based  applications  and  visualizations.   One  such  tool  leveraged  a  geospatial  indexing technique called geohashing to visualize dense yield data and measure the outcomes of on-farm yield trials.  Additionally, the proposed scalable, open-standard data structures were used to drive a soil water balance model that can provide insights into soil moisture conditions critical to farm planning, logistics, and irrigation.  The model integrates SSURGO soil data,weather data from the Applied Climate Information System, and solar data from the National Solar Radiation Database in order to compute a soil water balance, returning values including runoff, evaporation, and soil moisture in an automated, continuous, and incremental manner.</p> <p>The approach leveraged the Open Ag Data Alliance framework to demonstrate how the data structures can be delivered through sharable Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces and to run the model in a service-oriented manner such that it can be operated continuously and incrementally, which is essential for driving real-time decision support tools.  The implementations rely heavily on the Javascript Object Notation data schemas leveraged by Javascript/Typescript front-end web applications and back-end services delivered through Docker containers.  The approach embraces modular coding concepts and several levels of open source utility packages were published for interacting with data sources and supporting the service-based operations.</p> <p>By making use of the strategies laid out by this framework, industry and research canenhance data-based decision making through models and tools.  Developers and researchers will  be  better  equipped  to  take  on  the  data  wrangling  tasks  involved  in  retrieving  and parsing unfamiliar datasets, moving them throughout information technology systems, and understanding those datasets down to a semantic level.</p>

Cette thèse se demande en quoi les demandes de relocalisation alimentaire contribuent à transformer la gestion de l’accès au foncier agricole. Plus largement, il s’agit de comprendre comment le partage des terres entre les personnes souhaitant y avoir accès prend en compte la diversité des modèles agricoles et alimentaires. Le corpus étudié se compose de mobilisations de terre pour une agriculture nourricière de proximité, qui sont menées par des acteurs publics locaux, le mouvement Terre de Liens et des agriculteurs. Leur analyse est réalisée de manière croisée, à partir d’enquêtes conduites dans trois zones d’étude françaises couplant ville et campagne.Le projet de relocalisation est d’abord porté par une large diversité d’exploitations. Son inscription spatiale complexe et les représentations territoriales qui y sont liées invitent à redéfinir la catégorie de "local" en matière alimentaire. Ensuite, les mobilisations de terre participent à renouveler les voies d’accès au foncier : des stratégies domaniales misent sur la mise en œuvre localisée de modes de gestion du foncier alternatifs, tandis que des stratégies réticulaires ciblent la circulation de l’information foncière. L’application du cadre des faisceaux de droits foncier permet d’analyser les réajustements des limites respectives de la propriété et de l’usage de la terre. Enfin, les rapports de pouvoir présidant au partage du foncier, qui font notamment intervenir les Safer et les représentants de la profession agricole, ne sont modifiés qu’à la marge. Au-delà de rares cas de gouvernance de la coexistence foncière des modèles agricoles, la thèse indique comment comprendre l’objet d’étude depuis une perspective de justice foncière. / This dissertation focuses on how the rise of local food issues impacts the way access to farmland is managed in France. This question fits into a a broader concern about how processes of allocation of land take into account the diversity of agricultural models. My corpus is made up of case studies of land operations benefiting a relocalized agriculture and carried out by local public authorities,the civic movement Terre de Liens and farmers. I study them through a cross analysis of surveys undertaken in three regions associating a city and the surrounding countryside : the Ami´enois, the Lyonnais and the south-east of the Aveyron departement.Fist, the relocalization project appears to be implemented in a wide variety of farms. Its complex spatial scope and the related social representations call for a renewed definition of the ”food localness” category. Second, the land operations help renewing the means of accessing farmland. Estate strategies rely on setting up alternative farmland management styles at a local scale, whereas network strategies target land information flows. Building on a bundle of rights framework, the dissertation analyses how the demarcartion between property and use of the land evolves. Third, the power relationships governing the allocation of land are only incrementally modified, as the Safer and traditional farmers’ unions remain at the center. Beyond scarce cases of governance of the land-based coexistence of agricultural models, the dissertation build up a land justice frameworksuited to France.