Ce travail traite la problématique des bulles d’air contenues dans les pièces composites mises en œuvre par le procédé RTM. La modélisation des phénomènes de création, de compression et de transport de ce type de défauts est présentée. Notamment l’adoption d’un nouveau modèle de création des bulles d’air, de transport, et l’estimation des porosités à double échelle de pores ainsi que la saturation finale de la préforme sont données. / This work covers the problematic of air bubbles entrapped during manufacturing composite parts via the RTM process. Modeling creation, compression, and transport of this type of defaults is presented here. Likewise, a new approach of air bubble’s creation, transport modeling, simulation of porosities at dual scale of pores, and estimation of the final saturation of the preform are given.

This master thesis is engaged in problematics of creation and compensation of geometric distortions in 1D agarose electrophoresis. This master thesis analyze the problematics of cause of these distortions and summarize the theory needed for compensation of these distortions. Based on acquired theory and created electrophoretic phantoms, the master thesis contains several suggestions for compensation of incurred distortions. These suggestions are recreated into functions, which are connected into a functional user interface for gel image analysis and geometric distortions compensation.