Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Barbora Staszková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Plants as source of coumarins Plants are source of a wide range of substances called secondary metabolites. These substances include also coumarins, derivatives of a lactone of o-hydroxycinnamic acid. They are found in many plant species and are specific especially for the family Apiaceae, Rutaceae or Fabaceae. They can be produced by some microorganisms. They have many effects in the treatment of vascular, gastrointestinal or infectious diseases. Properties, uses and sources some of these are the subject of this diploma thesis. KEYWORDS: coumarins, secondary metabolites, effects

Morphological evaluation of sperm has a long history and is an essential element analysis of semen, which provides breeders invaluable information to assess the health status of animal and its potential fertility. An important role is played by the percentage of healthy sperm due to abnormally developed. This value plays an important role in the usability of quality in breeding stallions. Stallion sperm intended for artificial insemination breeding mares in native form may not contain more than 40 % of defective sperm and the total amount of their activity should not be below 60 %. In the case of benefits intended for deep freezing is allowed only 20 % pathological forms of sperm. Activity selected for cryopreservation of semen should not fall below 80 %. The topic of the thesis was to determine the frequency of morphologic sperm defects in a group of stallions stud farm Tlumačov s.p., included in breeding season for 2013. Sperm morphology examination was performed on 72 samples of ejaculates collected from 12 stallions during the breeding season from May to August. For each stallion sperm activity was recorded of subjective method, immediately after collection, and the correlation was observed with respect to morphological abnormalities of the same sample. To investigate the morphological structure of sperm abnormalities were stained with two methods of cytological stain -- staining of B.T.Farelly and staining of Čeřovský. After staining the preparations were evaluated under a light microscope. Identified defects were divided into 6 categories - defects in the head, acrosome defects, defects of the neck, tail defects, abnormal forms of sperm and immature sperm. We studied a number of normospermia and total sperm pathology also expressed as a percentage. Another part of the analysis was a theoretical comparison of both the staining techniques with respect to suitability for the examination of morphological sperm abnormalities in stallions.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the tracking and monitoring of horses moving across pasture. All observations analysed within this thesis were made in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. Horses were tracked with dedicated GPS device. The average length of the path trodden by the feet of observed horses was 4.8 kilometres per twelve hour with average speed 0.4 kilometres per hour. Conclusions based on measured results and observations prove that the length of the trodden path is significantly influenced by the time of the day, the age of the horse and the season of the year. Observed horses were mostly occupied by grazing throughout the day. Standing, still relaxation and walking prevailed over other activities of observed horses. Results of this thesis prove that the physical activity is essential in order to maintain good health and physical condition of horses as well as to establish a natural living environment for keeping the livestock.

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