This thesis contains descriptions and illustrations of six genera and seven species of fossil corals collected by the writer on Mount Norquay, Banff National Park, Alberta. A brief discussion of the fossil locality and stratigraphy of the Rundle formation in that area is given. As a result of statistical research and graphic representation, a new species Faberophyllum multiseptatum is described. The new species is closely related to F. languidum, F. leathamense, F. pisgahense, and F. araneosum. The species Ekvasophyllnm banffense is proposed, and the species Lophyphyllum ? cascadense Warren is redescribed and referred to the genus Ekvasophyllum. The genera Triplophyllites and Cyathoclisia, which previously have not been described from Canada, are recognized and briefly discussed. The descriptions of Lithostrotion whitneyi and Lithostrotionella banffensis are revised and adequately illustrated. From the study of corals from the upper Rundle formation the writer concludes that these may be important horizon markers, and recommendations are made for more extensive and detailed work on this subject. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines the relationship between religious style and social class in the City of Lethbridge, Alberta, Numerous theoretical and empirical studies have associated religious characteristics and social characteristics, but the discrepant findings of some of these studies prompted a fresh approach to the problem through focussing on religious style, defined in terms of worship-ritual, and social class, defined in terms of occupational prestige and measured by a socio-economic index. In order to tackle the problem posed by this study it was decided to undertake an empirical investigation of the class structure and religious style of a sample of churches in Lethbridge. Twenty-seven local churches formed the sample; this was representative of the forty-two churches in the city. Social differences are manifest in Lethbridge, and if social class is defined in terms of occupational prestige and measured by a socio-economic index (SEI), then class differences are also manifest. Such differences were found to exist in: (a) the general population (b) the church population. Samples of the general population and church population were differentiated along class lines and differences between the two distributions were apparent; upper and middle class members of the community are over represented in the local churches. Class structure of the churches was determined by drawing a sample of members from each church involved, ascertaining their occupations, and allocating a SEI based on these occupations. A mean index was computed for each of the churches which were then ranked according to their SEI and classified as upper, middle, or lower class. Religious style, defined in terms of worship-ritual, which is one of the dimensions of the traditional church-sect typology, was determined through participant observation as a result of which the churches were classified as formal, semi-formal, or informal. The relationship between religious style and social class was determined by calculating the weighted average mean SEI score for each of the "formality" categories, and additionally by using gamma as a simple measure of association. The relationship is curvi-linear. An additional analysis of the data points to the predominantly middle-to-upper class structure of local churches and gives indication of an inverse relationship between class and style. Theory relates religious characteristics and social characteristics in terms of the church-sect typology which, since its formulation by Weber and Troeltsch, has been developed by numerous scholars and has stimulated a variety of empirical studies. Discrepancies between studies based on the typology and those based on poll data appear to be due, in part, to different definitions of the concept "church-type." Although the relationships between style and class disclosed by this study do not precisely conform to the patterns of relating assumed by the church-sect typology, the discrepancies are not deemed to be serious bearing in mind the "ideal-type" character of that typology. If formal-style churches may be identified with church-type, informal with sect-type, and semi-formal with developed denominations, then the findings here generally support the relationships posited by the traditional typology, although the "fit" is not exact. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

The intent of this study was to preserve the historical heritage of a small Canadian community. The thought that in the strength of a community lies the strength of a nation. The following things were taken into consideration in giving a complete picture of Raymond: (l) The early history which entailed the parts that the Indians, the whoop-up saga, the trader, the trapper, and the Northwest Mounted Police played in the development of Western Canada and Alberta. (2) The desire of the Government to open the western prairies for settlement which brought the Mormon people who were seeking new homes . With the Mormons came the controversy of polygamy, a problem that had to be resolved. (3) The influence and contribution of the Jesse Knight family in the development of Raymond and the surrounding area. (4) The development of Raymond as a prosperous and progressive community involving the sugar beet industry, farming, irrigation, ranching, and the eventual growth of businesses, educational facilities, and religious activities. The research and sources used for the desired information carne from original diaries , micro- films, newspapers , interviews, correspondence, and books. The findings and feelings of the residents of Raymond express their pride in their community and their desire to have their stories preserved.

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Identifier les principaux facteurs affectant la croissance des arbres sur les sites remis en production après exploitation par l’industrie des sables bitumineux dans le nord de l’Alberta peut nous informer sur ce qui peut être fait pour réduire les délais avant le retour d’un écosystème fonctionnel sur ces sites. Cette étude a examiné le rôle joué par la disponibilité de l’eau, la concentration foliaire des nutriments, de la compétition ainsi que les propriétés chimiques du sol sur la croissance en hauteur de jeunes peupliers faux-tremble et épinettes blanches sur deux types de sol restauré soumis à deux niveaux de fertilisation. Pour fins de comparaison, un site naturel ayant brulé au même moment que la construction du site remis en production a aussi été étudié. Les arbres poussant sur le mélange tourbe-minéral étaient plus grands que ceux du mélange sol forestier-minéral, quoique la différence n’était pas significative dans le cas de l’épinette. La fertilisation n’avait pas d’effet apparent sur la hauteur des arbres sur le mélange sol forestier-minéral et avait un effet négatif sur la hauteur pour les arbres plantés sur le mélange tourbe-minéral. L’utilisation de l’engrais a augmenté le couvert occupé par les plantes concurrentes sur les deux types de sols ce qui, en combinaison avec l’absence d’effet positif sur la hauteur des arbres, suggère que l’effet de la fertilisation est négatif puisqu’elle augmente la compétition pour les ressources sans pour autant favoriser la croissance des deux essences étudiées. Les principaux facteurs affectant la croissance des arbres sur le site d’étude se sont révélés être majoritairement liés à la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs et ne semblent pas être significativement différents entre les deux types de sols. La croissance des drageons de peuplier sur le site naturel n’était pas corrélée avec les variables mesurées ce qui semble indiquer que la hauteur des drageons n’était toujours pas liée aux facteurs environnementaux mesurés après six ans.

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This thesis, through four articles, investigates the history, meanings, legitimacy and implementation of a curriculum mandate to value Francophone perspectives from kindergarten to Grade 12 in Alberta social studies classrooms. These four articles are a response to my encounter (den Heyer, 2009) with this government mandate, which disrupted my socialization as a Québécois Francophone taught to see Albertans as hostile toward French-speakers. Preliminary research revealed that the curriculum mandate provoked uncertainty and frustration amongst many Alberta social studies teachers who had not previously been asked to attend to Francophone perspectives and/or who were used to associating these perspectives with Québec, not Alberta (Gani & Scott, 2017). To deepen these preliminary insights, I conducted a historical examination of the curriculum mandate (Article 1), a secondary data analysis of research with teachers about the mandate (Article 2), a qualitative inquiry into the reported implementation practices of 19 Alberta social studies teachers (Article 3), and I gathered responses from 13 Franco-Albertans to often-used critiques about the mandate (e.g., why these perspectives and not others?) (Article 4). Various iterations of the social studies curriculum mandate published since 1999 (Article 1) and the 13 Francophone participants in my research (Article 4) focused on Francophone perspectives as represented through the metaphor of a Canadian pillar. Per contrast, many Alberta social studies teachers recognized Francophone perspectives as situated in Québec and one among many in Alberta (Article 2 & 3). In line with a reciprocal conception of recognition - that is, the fundamental need to be accepted by others (Taylor, 1994) - the way forward for the mandate, which will soon be included in six subject-matters (Alberta Education, 2020), is to take into account not only Francophone perspectives but also the unnamed and derecognized Alberta (Anglophone) perspectives that shape the ways in which they are interpreted and implemented.

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