Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-171) and index.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Protein separation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-79).

Thesis (M.D.)--Københavns universitet, 1960. / Summary in Danish. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-116) and index.

Thesis (M.D.)--Københavns universitet, 1960. / Summary in Danish. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-116) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-264).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-149).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yonezawa_la_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1612963 bytes, checksum: a73a85ad5e451406738950726ca4c07b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o efeito fisiológico do exercício sobre os marcadores cardíacos e de lipoperoxidação, o efeito da suplementação com vitamina E, e a determinação da albumina modificada pela isquemia (AMI) como um possível marcador de isquemia miocárdica em equinos sem treinamento prévio e submetidos ao exercício de rápida aceleração e curta duração (TRA) e de baixa intensidade e longa duração (TLD). Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 equinos, sendo cinco Árabes e cinco Crioulos, sem treinamento prévio, que realizaram o primeiro TRA e, sete dias depois, o TLD1. Em seguida, durante 52 dias os equinos receberam vitamina E (dl-alfa-tocoferol) na dose de 1.000 UI/dia e, posteriormente, realizaram o TRA2 e o TLD2 com sete dias de intervalo. Determinou-se o malondialdeído (MDA) plasmático, as concentrações séricas de troponina I cardíaca (TCI), isoenzima MB da creatinoquinase (CK-MB), mioglobina e AMI. Observou-se que os exercícios dos testes TRA e TLD promoveram estresse miocárdico em equinos evidenciado pelo aumento de CK-MB, mas não foi considerado grave. Houve ainda o efeito benéfico da suplementação da vitamina E pela diminuição da concentração de MDA plasmático em ambos os tipos de exercícios, e de TCI sérica no TRA2. A AMI não se mostrou eficaz na detecção de isquemia miocárdica nos equinos avaliados, uma vez que em ambos os tipos de exercício não promoveram alterações significativas, sugerindo-se que não seja sensível para esse tipo de avaliação nessa espécie / This study aimed to evaluate the physiological effect of exercise on cardiac and lipoperoxidation markers, effect of vitamin E supplementation, and ischemia modified albumin (AMI) determination as a possible marker for myocardial ischemia in horses submitted to rapid acceleration and short duration (TRA) exercise and to low intensity and long duration (TLD) exercise. Ten horses, five Arabian and five Crioulo, performed the first TRA, and TLD1 seven days later. Horses received vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) for 52 days at a daily dose of 1,000 IU, and then they performed TRA2, and TLD2 seven days after. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), serum cardiac troponin I (TIC), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), myoglobin and AMI were determined. Both TRA and TLD caused myocardial stress in horses revealed by the CK-MB increase, but it was not considered serious. There was also a beneficial effect of vitamin E by decreased plasma MDA concentration in both types of exercise, and by lower TIC level in TRA2. AMI was not effective in detecting myocardial ischemia in horses, since in both exercise types there were no significant changes, suggesting that it is not a sensitive marker to assess ischemic condition in this species

abstract: The glycation of plasma proteins leading to the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and subsequent damage is a driving factor in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. The overall research objective was to elucidate the mechanisms by which birds prevent protein glycation in the presence of naturally high plasma glucose concentrations. This was accomplished through the specific purpose of examining the impact of temperature and glucose concentration on the percent glycation of chicken serum albumin (CSA) in comparison to human serum albumin (HSA). Purified CSA and HSA solutions prepared at four different glucose concentrations (0 mM, 5.56 mM, 11.11 mM, and 22.22 mM) were incubated at three different temperatures (37.0°C, 39.8°C, and 41.4°C) on separate occasions for seven days with aliquots extracted on days 0, 3, and 7. Samples were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS for percent glycation of albumin. The statistically significant interaction between glucose concentration, temperature, albumin type, and time as determined by four-way repeated measures ANOVA (p = 0.032) indicated that all independent variables interacted to affect the mean percent glycation of albumin. As glucose concentration increased, the percent glycation of both HSA and CSA increased over time at all temperatures. In addition, HSA was glycated to a greater extent than CSA at the two higher glucose concentrations examined for all temperature conditions. Temperature differentially affected percent glycation of HSA and CSA wherein glycation increased with rising temperatures for HSA but not CSA. The results of this study suggest an inherent difference between the human and chicken albumin that contributes to the observed differences in glycation. Further research is needed to characterize this inherent difference in an effort to elucidate the mechanism by which birds protect plasma proteins from glycation. Future related work has the potential to lead to the development of novel therapies to prevent or reverse protein glycation prior to the formation of AGEs in humans, thus preventing the development and devastating effects of numerous diabetic complications. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2016

A utilização de colóides é indicada em várias situações, mas nem sempre aplicável na clínica de eqüinos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o uso de solução concentrada de albumina eqüina (diluída a 5%) durante fluidoterapia em eqüinos com desidratação leve a moderada, comparando-a com fluidoterapia apenas com solução fisiológica. Foram utilizados dois grupos de cinco eqüinos adultos, sem alterações clínicas. Cada animal passou pelo protocolo dos dois grupos experimentais (fluidoterapia apenas com solução fisiológica; fluidoterapia com solução de albumina eqüina e solução fisiológica). A desidratação foi induzida com duas aplicações de furosemida e jejum. Durante o experimento foram realizadas várias avaliações: pesagem; exame físico geral; hematócrito; osmolalidade plasmática; gasometria; proteína total; albumina; Na; K; débito cardíaco; pressão arterial; uréia e creatinina, e cálculo da pressão oncótica e volume plasmático. Com a aplicação da solução de albumina houve diferença em relação ao outro grupo, embora nem sempre demonstrada estatisticamente, na avaliação do turgor de pele, hematócrito, proteína total, albumina, Na plasmático, pressão arterial, débito cardíaco, pressão oncótica e volume plasmático. Concluiu-se que: a aplicação apenas de pequeno volume de solução de albumina é capaz de causar efeitos comparáveis aos da infusão sob pressão de metade do volume de solução fisiológica calculado para reidratar o mesmo animal; ao final da fluidoterapia, a solução de albumina leva a maior valor de pressão arterial e de albumina sérica e menor de proteína total, mesmo sem diferença estatística, do que apenas a aplicação de solução fisiológica; ao final da fluidoterapia, com o uso de solução de albumina o turgor de pele dos animais ainda indica presença de desidratação, ao contrário dos que recebem apenas solução fisiológica onde o mesmo indica boa hidratação em todos os animais; a solução concentrada de albumina eqüina é passível de ser usada em fluidoterapia nesta espécie, com facilidade de preparação e aplicação e não demonstrando efeitos deletérios. / The colloids utilization is indicated in several situations, but not always applicable in equine practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the equine concentrated albumin solution (diluted to 5%) during fluid therapy in horses with slight to moderate dehydration, making a comparison with fluid therapy only with physiologic saline solution. Two groups of five adult horses, without clinical alterations, were used. Each animal was submitted to the protocol of each experimental group (fluid therapy only with physiologic saline solution; fluid therapy with equine albumin solution and physiologic saline solution). The dehydration was induced with two administrations of furosemide and fasting. During the experimental period, several evaluations were made: weighing; gasometry; total protein; albumin; Na; K; cardiac output; arterial pressure; urea and creatinin, and calculation of the oncotic pressure and plasmatic volume. With the administration of albumin solution, there was difference, although not always statistically demonstrated in the evaluation of the skin turgor, packed cell volume, total protein and albumin, plasmatic Na, arterial pressure, cardiac output, oncotic pressure and plasmatic volume. It was concluded that: the administration of only a small volume of albumin solution is capable of causing effects comparable to the infusion under pressure of half of the calculated volume of physiologic saline solution necessary to rehydrated the animal; at the end of the fluid therapy, the albumin solution leads to higher values of arterial pressure and serum albumin and lower values of total protein, although without statistical difference, than the single administration of physiologic saline solution; at the end of the fluid therapy, with the use of the albumin solution, the skin turgor still indicates the presence of dehydration, the opposite that occurs with the animals when receiving only physiologic saline solution, where the test indicates good hydration in all the horses; the equine concentrated albumin solution is utilizable in fluid therapy in this species, with easy preparation and administration and with no demonstration of deleterial effects.

Arsenic exposure in humans has been implicated in the development of a myriad of non-cancerous and cancerous diseases. A reductionist approach to understanding this unusual phenomenon would suggest that arsenic-induced perturbation of a small number of fundamental biological processes could manifest as this diverse array of disease endpoints. Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process involved in the internalization and transport of various extracellular molecules and membranous components. BEAS-2B, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, was used to characterize the effects of chronic arsenite exposure on endocytosis. Fluorophore-labeled bovine albumin, human transferrin, and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were the substrates utilized to measure endocytosis in BEAS-2B cells. The uptake of albumin in unexposed BEAS-2B cells is both dose-dependent and temperature sensitive. Chronic arsenite exposure in BEAS-2B cells increased the uptake of albumin by 3.4-fold after 8 hours of uptake relative to unexposed BEAS-2B cells. Pharmacological studies utilizing endocytosis inhibitors suggested that the uptake of albumin in both unexposed and arsenite-exposed BEAS-2B cells occurs through a combination of receptor-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Chronic arsenite exposure in BEAS-2B cells also increased the endocytic uptake of transferrin by 2.9-fold at 30 minutes and LDL by 1.3-fold at 2 hours relative to unexposed BEAS-2B cells. Together, the data suggests that chronic arsenite exposure can increase the rate of endocytosis. This novel finding could add mechanistic insight to the conundrum of arsenic-associated human diseases.