D.Sc. (Chemistry) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The photoreactions of benzaldehyde in benzene, ethanol, and 1-hexyne have been studied. Irradiation of benzaldehyde in benzene produces benzoin (I), hydrobenzoin (II), and deoxybenzoin (III). Irradiation of benzoin (I) in this solvent results in benzaldehyde formation as well as small amounts of (II) and (III). The ethanol irradiation of benzaldehyde resulted, predominantly, in the formation of (II) with (I) formed in small amounts. The photolysis of benzaldehyde in 1-hexyne produces (I), (II), (III) cis-2-heptenophenone (VII), trans-2-heptenophenone (VIII), heptanophenone (IX), and 2-(n-butyl)- 1,4-diphenyl-1,4-butanedione (X). Mechanistic pathways for the formation of these photoproducts are discussed. Separation and characterization of cis- and trans-2- heptenophenone was accomplished. The photoisomerization of these two isomers results in the formation of cis-2-heptenophenone in 94 per cent yield.

Considerable work has been done in recent years on the general field centering around the chalcones, flavones, and anthocyanidins. Members of the three classes of compounds exist as natural products and occur widely as coloring matter in flowers and plant saps. An attempt has been made to work out a new method for the preparation of phthalaldehyde. Two lines of research have been followed, neither of which produced the desired compound. The first method, low-pressure hydrogenation of dibutylphthalate over Raney nickel catalyst has supported the contention that the principal product of the hydrogenation of aromatic esters over Raney nickel arises by hydrogenation of the benzene nucleus. Evidence indicates that the compound formed by the present method was dibutyl-2,6-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylate. The second method was an attempt to use the Stephen method for the reduction of nitriles to prepare phthalaldehyde from phthalonitrile. The method apparently failed completely of aldehyde formation, but the eventual fate of the nitrile in the reduction was not ascertained. The possibility exists that with a stronger reducing couple such as stannous bromide and hydrogen bromide, the reaction might be adapted for use to the preparation of phthalaldehyde.

Claisen first synthesized Chalcone in 1881 by condensing acetophenone with benzaldehyde using sodium methoxide as a condensing agent. Chalcone and its derivatives have been prepared primarily as intermediates for the synthesis of anthocyanins and other related pigments. In recent years extensive preparation and study of chalcones has been carried out utilizing chalcones for their biological effects in medical and pharmaceutical fields. It has been shown that certain highly substituted compounds present in the flower pigments as additives to adhesive absorb ultraviolet radiation. Carboxylic acid chalcones have become known for their therapeutic action in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases, diseases of the eye, and rheumatoid diseases, such as bursitis and osteoarthritis. Treatment of chalcones with sulfuric acids to obtain α-ketosulfones, used as chemotherapeutic agents, has been under investigation and useful results have been obtained. Many of these α-ketosulfones are used to identify small amounts of sulfuric acid obtained from the cleavage and rearrangement of certain sulfones. In the research of genetic factors which regulate the formation of flavonoids factors in organisms, a suitable method for determining these compounds in small amounts in plant tissues is of very great importance and chalcones have been under investigation to serve this purpose. The observation of insecticidal bacteriostatic and tuberculostatic activities in chalcones has led to extensive investigation of chalcones.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Dr. Christopher Jones; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Pradeep Agrawal; Committee Member: Dr. Sujit Banerjee; Committee Member: Dr. Tom Fuller. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Bibliography: leaves 142-165. / xii, 165, [13] leaves, [18] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Genetics, 1991

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 6, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-144).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1939. / Typescript. Includes abstract and vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 78).