A presente investigação propôs-se a realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes em manutenção periodontal do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A porcentagem da perda óssea alveolar foi correlacionada com a idade, o fumo , o gênero, os arcos, os grupos de dentes e faces proximais por meio de exames radiográficos completos periapicais. A amostra deste trabalho foi composta por 27 sujeitos da pesquisa do gênero masculino e 53 do gênero feminino, com idade de 16 a 84 anos (média de 48,3 anos). Foram digitalizadas 1120 radiografias periapicais (1970 dentes) e posteriormente, analisadas com o software Image Tool ® (University of Texas Health and Science Center). O critério utilizado para se considerar perda óssea foi que a distância junção esmalte cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (COA) fosse > que 2 mm. Dois examinadores calibrados (p < 0,0001), realizaram as medidas da perda óssea. A média da perda óssea da amostra foi 20,61% (± 12,12). A prevalência foi maior em fumantes. No entanto, não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). A superfície distal e a arco superior apresentaram maiores perdas, bem como o grupo de incisivos e molares superiores. O grupo etário que apresentou maior perda óssea foi o de 45 a 54 anos. O fumo e a faixa etária de 45 a 54 anos são as variáveis que, isoladamente, apresentaram indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade à perda óssea alveolar, quando avaliada radiograficamente. / The aim of the present investigation was to perform a radiographic analysis of patients in Periodontal Maintenance from the Department of Periodontology Graduation - Dentistry College University of São Paulo. Complete sets of periapical radiographs provided data for alveolar bone loss percentage which was correlated to age, smoking status, gender, arches, teeth group and proximal sites. The sample was consisted of 27 male and 53 female subjects with age from 16 to 84 years old (mean 48,3 years). 1120 radiographs (1970 teeth) were digitalized and analyzed with the software Image Tool ® (University of Texas - Health and Science Center). The criteria used to consider bone loss was when the distance from the cement enamel junction to the apex was greater than 2 mm. Two examiners, intra and inter calibrated (p < 0,0001) were responsible for taking the radiographic measurements of bone loss. The mean bone loss of the sample was 20,61%. The prevalence of bone loss was greater in smokers. Nevertheless, there was no difference between male and female (p < 0,0005). The distal surface and the superior arch had the greatest bone loss, as well as the group of incisors and superior molars. The age group of 45- 54 had the highest scores for bone loss. Smoking and group age from 45 to 54 years are two independent variables that may characterize those individuals most prone to alveolar bone loss.

A presente investigação propôs-se a realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes em manutenção periodontal do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A porcentagem da perda óssea alveolar foi correlacionada com a idade, o fumo , o gênero, os arcos, os grupos de dentes e faces proximais por meio de exames radiográficos completos periapicais. A amostra deste trabalho foi composta por 27 sujeitos da pesquisa do gênero masculino e 53 do gênero feminino, com idade de 16 a 84 anos (média de 48,3 anos). Foram digitalizadas 1120 radiografias periapicais (1970 dentes) e posteriormente, analisadas com o software Image Tool ® (University of Texas Health and Science Center). O critério utilizado para se considerar perda óssea foi que a distância junção esmalte cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (COA) fosse > que 2 mm. Dois examinadores calibrados (p < 0,0001), realizaram as medidas da perda óssea. A média da perda óssea da amostra foi 20,61% (± 12,12). A prevalência foi maior em fumantes. No entanto, não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). A superfície distal e a arco superior apresentaram maiores perdas, bem como o grupo de incisivos e molares superiores. O grupo etário que apresentou maior perda óssea foi o de 45 a 54 anos. O fumo e a faixa etária de 45 a 54 anos são as variáveis que, isoladamente, apresentaram indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade à perda óssea alveolar, quando avaliada radiograficamente. / The aim of the present investigation was to perform a radiographic analysis of patients in Periodontal Maintenance from the Department of Periodontology Graduation - Dentistry College University of São Paulo. Complete sets of periapical radiographs provided data for alveolar bone loss percentage which was correlated to age, smoking status, gender, arches, teeth group and proximal sites. The sample was consisted of 27 male and 53 female subjects with age from 16 to 84 years old (mean 48,3 years). 1120 radiographs (1970 teeth) were digitalized and analyzed with the software Image Tool ® (University of Texas - Health and Science Center). The criteria used to consider bone loss was when the distance from the cement enamel junction to the apex was greater than 2 mm. Two examiners, intra and inter calibrated (p < 0,0001) were responsible for taking the radiographic measurements of bone loss. The mean bone loss of the sample was 20,61%. The prevalence of bone loss was greater in smokers. Nevertheless, there was no difference between male and female (p < 0,0005). The distal surface and the superior arch had the greatest bone loss, as well as the group of incisors and superior molars. The age group of 45- 54 had the highest scores for bone loss. Smoking and group age from 45 to 54 years are two independent variables that may characterize those individuals most prone to alveolar bone loss.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_rf_dr_sjc.pdf: 565320 bytes, checksum: 06faeeeacb79dd1546bcfe7685843568 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos iniciais da deficiência estrogênica associada ou não a dieta deficiente em cálcio na reparação óssea alveolar. Foram utilizadas 72 ratas, aos três meses de idade, das quais 48 foram ovariectomizadas e 24 falso-operadas (SHAM). Das 48 ratas ovariectomizadas, 24 receberam ração comercial padrão (OVZ) e 24 receberam ração especial com baixo teor de cálcio (ESP). Foi extraído o primeiro molar inferior, bilateralmente, 15 dias após a ovariectomia e a cirurgia Sham. Os animais foram sacrificados aos sete, 21 e 45 dias após as exodontias. As mandíbulas foram radiografadas e processadas para análise radiográfica e microscópica. Como resultados após a comparação pelo teste ANOVA e de Tukey verificou-se que a densidade óptica, o volume trabecular e o número de mastócitos foram crescentes significativamente com o decorrer do tempo, enquanto a taxa de aposição mineral óssea diária e o volume osteóide foram decrescentes com o tempo. A comparação entre os grupos SHAM e OVZ não revelou diferenças estatísticas, entretanto a comparação entre os grupos OVZ e ESP mostrou diferenças no volume trabecular e número de mastócitos, sendo os demais parâmetros semelhantes. Diante do exposto concluiu-se que a deficiência hormonal não retarda o reparo ósseo alveolar de ratas ovariectomizadas e um possível mecanismo de reabsorção óssea é ativado diante da hipocalcemia e deficiência estrogênica recrutando mastócitos. A taxa de aposição mineral diária não é influenciada pela deficiência hormonal, mas pareceu sofrer alguma influência quando se associou a dieta pobre em cálcio, mostrando uma tendência à diminuição. / This study had the objective of analyze the initials effects of estrogen deficiency associated or not with a low calcium dietary in the alveolar bone repair. 72 rats at three months were used; 48 ovariectomized and 24 Sham-operated (SHAM). The ovariectomized rats were divided into 2 groups, 24 rats receiving common diet (OVZ) and 24 receiving special diet (ESP). SHAM rats received common diet. Treatment began on the ovariectomy day. The lower first molar was removed on both sides 15 days after ovariectomy. The rats received the diets until sacrifice, which occurred at seven, 21 and 45 days after dental extraction. The mandibles were submitted to radiographic and microscopic analyses. As results, using ANOVA and Tukey tests, optic density, trabecular volume and mast cell number increased with time and osteoid volume and mineral apposition rate decrease with time. Comparison between the OVZ and SHAM groups for each period revealed no difference; however OVZ and ESP groups showed different trabecular volume and mast cell number, being the other parameters, similar. In conclusion, hormonal deficiency do not retards the alveolar bone repair in ovariectomized rats and a possible mechanism of bone resorption is activated instead of hypocalemia and estrogen deficiency recruiting mast cell. The mineral apposition rate is not affect by ovariectomy but seems to present an influence by its association with low calcium dietary shows a tendency to decrease.

This study used Backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and X-ray Microanalysis to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate morphology and elemental composition of ankylotic adaptation in the periodontium following hypothermic insult to their maxillary first molars. This method has been shown in previous studies to induce aseptic root resorption along with ankylotic changes within the periodontal ligament (PDL). A secondary objective was to assess the pulpal changes that occurred concurrent with the changes in the periodontium. Twenty-eight eight week old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of seven animals corresponding to one of four observation periods i.e.: t₁= 7 days, t₂= 14 days, t₃= 21 days, t₄ = 28 days. At t=0 days, six animals in each group received a thermal insult as a continuous 20 minute application of dry ice (CO₂ at -81⁰C) to the crowns of their upper right maxillary molar. The untreated left molars were used as controls. The remaining rat within each group did not receive the dry ice. All rats were given two sequential bone labels, calcein 5mg/kg and alizarin red 30mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally 8 days apart. The timing of the labels was such that all rats were euthanased 2 days after the last label. Following sacrifice, the maxillae were dissected out, fixed in ethanol and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Ten microns thick, undecalcified maxillary first molar coronal sections through the furcation were obtained. For every 3 out of 10 sections: the first was left unstained and undecalcified; the second stained with Von Kossa/haematoxylin & eosin; and the third decalcified and stained with haematoxylin & eosin. Unstained sections were viewed under fluorescence, while transmitted light microscopy was used for the other sections. Following initial analysis, the unstained, undecalcified sections were de-coverslipped and carbon coated. These sections were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). Quantitative spot analysis and element mapping was performed on alveolar bone, ankylotic areas, cementum and dentine. A linear mixed effects model was employed to investigate any interaction between the four tissues of interest. A focal pattern of ankylosis was observed at days 14 and 21 in three rats. No ankylosis was observed in the control teeth. SEM revealed a focal type of ankylosis with central nodules of mineralized tissue forming within the PDL. Bridging between bone and dentine occurred with fine trabeculae which extended from the central mineralized nodule. Bridging was progressive and was more extensive at day 21 compared to day 14. At day 28, no ankylosis was observed. EDS analysis revealed that the ankylotic tissue was composed of major constituents Calcium and Phosphorous along with trace elements of Mg and Na. This was comparable to the surrounding alveolar bone, cementum and dentine. There was no statistically significant difference in the Ca/P ratios, Mg when ankylotic material was compared to bone. There was a trend towards elevated Na levels in ankylosis but this was not statistically significant relative to bone. Mg in dentine was lower than for all the other tissues and Na was higher in dentine when compared to bone and cementum. In the pulp, hypothermic injury demonstrated alteration of the odontoblast layer, reduction in cellularity, vascular alterations and tertiary dentin formation. At the 28 day observation period, the cellular and vascular changes had returned to levels comparable to the control teeth, indicating successful pulpal healing and regeneration. Marked tertiary dentine deposition was also observed at days 14, 21 and 28. Pulp chambers were visibly smaller due to tertiary dentine formation, however no pulp necrosis was observed. Thus the aseptic root resorption model, using a continuous 20 minute application of dry ice, suggested the occurrence of reversible pulpal tissue alterations compatible with an inflammatory repair process. The observation of ankylosis initiating as centralised nodules within the PDL suggest that the origins may be a consequence of osteogenic potential from PDL stem cells. The null hypothesis that a single, prolonged thermal insult on a rat molar does not have an effect on mineralized tissue formation and that ankylotic tissue is similar to bone was rejected. ABSTRACT There is a presumption that the ankylotic region formed after periodontal ligament (PDL) injury represents an unremarkable bony repair process. Essentially, the injury triggers an osteogenic repair response and the ankylotic tissue merely represents alveolar bone. There is uncertainty whether the oestogenic event is predominantly osteoblast driven, cementoblast directed, or a consequence of osteogenic potential from PDL stem cells. In this study, twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of six animals, corresponding to one of four observation periods, and received a thermal insult as a continuous 20 minute application of dry ice to the crowns of their upper right maxillary molar. The appearance of ankylotic tissues was examined using backscattered electron images using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyser (EDS). The Ca, P, and trace elements contents were determined by EDS from four different hard tissue regions: ankylosis; bone; dentine and cementum, and the Ca/P ratios were calculated. Ankylosis was observed at days 14 and 21 in 3 rats and was not seen at day 28. No ankylosis was observed in the control teeth. BSE imaging revealed a focal type of ankylosis with central nodules of mineralized tissue forming within the PDL. The morphological features of ankylotic tissue differed to that of alveolar bone and dentine. Bridging between bone and dentine occurred with fine trabeculae which extended from the central mineralized nodule. EDS analysis showed that the ankylotic tissue was composed of major constituents Ca and P along with trace elements of Mg and Na. This was comparable to the surrounding alveolar bone, cementum and dentine. There was no statistically significant difference in the Ca/P ratios, Mg, and Na between ankylotic material and bone. Statistically significant differences was evident in Mg content between ankylotic material compared to dentine and cementum. Na content was higher in dentine than in ankylotic material. The results of this study indicate that, histochemically, ankylotic material is similar to bone. However, the appearance of ankylotic material as centralised foci with a morphology different from bone suggest that ankylosis may originate from an osteoblastic phenotype originating within PDL. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1522156 / Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Denstistry, 2010

This study used Backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and X-ray Microanalysis to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate morphology and elemental composition of ankylotic adaptation in the periodontium following hypothermic insult to their maxillary first molars. This method has been shown in previous studies to induce aseptic root resorption along with ankylotic changes within the periodontal ligament (PDL). A secondary objective was to assess the pulpal changes that occurred concurrent with the changes in the periodontium. Twenty-eight eight week old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of seven animals corresponding to one of four observation periods i.e.: t₁= 7 days, t₂= 14 days, t₃= 21 days, t₄ = 28 days. At t=0 days, six animals in each group received a thermal insult as a continuous 20 minute application of dry ice (CO₂ at -81⁰C) to the crowns of their upper right maxillary molar. The untreated left molars were used as controls. The remaining rat within each group did not receive the dry ice. All rats were given two sequential bone labels, calcein 5mg/kg and alizarin red 30mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally 8 days apart. The timing of the labels was such that all rats were euthanased 2 days after the last label. Following sacrifice, the maxillae were dissected out, fixed in ethanol and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Ten microns thick, undecalcified maxillary first molar coronal sections through the furcation were obtained. For every 3 out of 10 sections: the first was left unstained and undecalcified; the second stained with Von Kossa/haematoxylin & eosin; and the third decalcified and stained with haematoxylin & eosin. Unstained sections were viewed under fluorescence, while transmitted light microscopy was used for the other sections. Following initial analysis, the unstained, undecalcified sections were de-coverslipped and carbon coated. These sections were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). Quantitative spot analysis and element mapping was performed on alveolar bone, ankylotic areas, cementum and dentine. A linear mixed effects model was employed to investigate any interaction between the four tissues of interest. A focal pattern of ankylosis was observed at days 14 and 21 in three rats. No ankylosis was observed in the control teeth. SEM revealed a focal type of ankylosis with central nodules of mineralized tissue forming within the PDL. Bridging between bone and dentine occurred with fine trabeculae which extended from the central mineralized nodule. Bridging was progressive and was more extensive at day 21 compared to day 14. At day 28, no ankylosis was observed. EDS analysis revealed that the ankylotic tissue was composed of major constituents Calcium and Phosphorous along with trace elements of Mg and Na. This was comparable to the surrounding alveolar bone, cementum and dentine. There was no statistically significant difference in the Ca/P ratios, Mg when ankylotic material was compared to bone. There was a trend towards elevated Na levels in ankylosis but this was not statistically significant relative to bone. Mg in dentine was lower than for all the other tissues and Na was higher in dentine when compared to bone and cementum. In the pulp, hypothermic injury demonstrated alteration of the odontoblast layer, reduction in cellularity, vascular alterations and tertiary dentin formation. At the 28 day observation period, the cellular and vascular changes had returned to levels comparable to the control teeth, indicating successful pulpal healing and regeneration. Marked tertiary dentine deposition was also observed at days 14, 21 and 28. Pulp chambers were visibly smaller due to tertiary dentine formation, however no pulp necrosis was observed. Thus the aseptic root resorption model, using a continuous 20 minute application of dry ice, suggested the occurrence of reversible pulpal tissue alterations compatible with an inflammatory repair process. The observation of ankylosis initiating as centralised nodules within the PDL suggest that the origins may be a consequence of osteogenic potential from PDL stem cells. The null hypothesis that a single, prolonged thermal insult on a rat molar does not have an effect on mineralized tissue formation and that ankylotic tissue is similar to bone was rejected. ABSTRACT There is a presumption that the ankylotic region formed after periodontal ligament (PDL) injury represents an unremarkable bony repair process. Essentially, the injury triggers an osteogenic repair response and the ankylotic tissue merely represents alveolar bone. There is uncertainty whether the oestogenic event is predominantly osteoblast driven, cementoblast directed, or a consequence of osteogenic potential from PDL stem cells. In this study, twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of six animals, corresponding to one of four observation periods, and received a thermal insult as a continuous 20 minute application of dry ice to the crowns of their upper right maxillary molar. The appearance of ankylotic tissues was examined using backscattered electron images using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyser (EDS). The Ca, P, and trace elements contents were determined by EDS from four different hard tissue regions: ankylosis; bone; dentine and cementum, and the Ca/P ratios were calculated. Ankylosis was observed at days 14 and 21 in 3 rats and was not seen at day 28. No ankylosis was observed in the control teeth. BSE imaging revealed a focal type of ankylosis with central nodules of mineralized tissue forming within the PDL. The morphological features of ankylotic tissue differed to that of alveolar bone and dentine. Bridging between bone and dentine occurred with fine trabeculae which extended from the central mineralized nodule. EDS analysis showed that the ankylotic tissue was composed of major constituents Ca and P along with trace elements of Mg and Na. This was comparable to the surrounding alveolar bone, cementum and dentine. There was no statistically significant difference in the Ca/P ratios, Mg, and Na between ankylotic material and bone. Statistically significant differences was evident in Mg content between ankylotic material compared to dentine and cementum. Na content was higher in dentine than in ankylotic material. The results of this study indicate that, histochemically, ankylotic material is similar to bone. However, the appearance of ankylotic material as centralised foci with a morphology different from bone suggest that ankylosis may originate from an osteoblastic phenotype originating within PDL. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1522156 / Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Denstistry, 2010

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Doctoral)--Umeå University, Sweden, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Doctoral)--Umeå University, Sweden, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 45 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Elcio Marcantonio Junior / Banca: Raphael Carlos Comelli Lia / Banca: Marcio Fernando de Moraes Grisi / Banca: Valdir Gouveia Garcia / Banca: Patricia Helena Rodrigues de Souza / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo comparativamente a regeneração tecidual guiada, no tratamento de defeitos infra-ósseos. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos. No Estudo 1, defeitos infra-ósseos bilaterais foram criados na mesial dos caninos superiores de cinco cães, que após o período de cronificação (seis semanas), foram raspados e alisados. Duas semanas depois, as lesões foram aleatoriamente tratadas com enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (grupo ETC) ou membrana reabsorvível (grupo RTG). Dados clínicos foram colhidos previamente à cirurgia e 12 semanas após. Neste último período, os animais foram mortos, e procedeu-se à confecção das lâminas histológicas. Na análise dos resultados não foram detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos, porém, em ambos os grupos contatou-se redução da profundidade de sondagem (p=0,032). A análise histológica revelou menor extensão de novo cemento (p=0,001), de novo osso (p=0,003), e da extensão total de tecido conjuntivo (p=0,013) no grupo ETC em comparação com o RTG. Para o Estudo 2 foram selecionados 12 pacientes com defeitos infra-ósseos bilaterais, de duas ou três paredes, que após tratamento básico periodontal foram indicados para terapia cirúrgica no modelo de boca-dividida. Aleatoriamente, os defeitos periodontais foram designados a fazer parte do grupo ETC ou RTG. Avaliações clínicas e tomadas radiográficas foram realizadas previamente à cirurgia, seis e 12 meses pós-operatórios. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes não foram detectadas entre os grupos, porém, em ambos observou-se redução da PS (p=0,000), e aumento de recessão (p=0,002). Apenas o grupo RTG apresentou ganho de inserção (p=0,004). / Abstract: This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of connective tissue graft comparatively to the guided tissue regeneration, in the treatment of infrabony defects. Hence, two studies were developed. In Study 1, bilateral infrabony defects were created in the mesial aspect of the superior canines of five dogs. After six weeks of chronification, the defects were scaled and planned. Two weeks after, the lesions were randomly treated with connective tissue graft (CTG group) or with reabsorbable membrane (GTR group). Clinical data were recorded previously and 12 weeks after surgery. In this last period, the animals were killed, and histological slides were prepared. Clinical analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups, however, both groups presented reduction of the probing depth (PD) (p=0.032). Histological analysis revealed lower extension of new cement (p=0.001), new bone (p=0.003), and total connective tissue (p=0.013) in CTG group when compared to GTR groups. In Study 2, 12 patients were selected with bilateral infrabony defects, with two or three walls, which after basic periodontal treatment were referred to surgical therapy as a split-mouth design. Randomly, the defects were designed to be part of the CTG or GTR group. Clinical analysis and radiographies were performed previously, six and 12 weeks post-surgery. Statistically significant differences were not detected between groups, but both groups presented reduction of PD (p=0.000), and increase of recession (p=0.002). Gain of attachment occurred only in GTR group (p=0.004). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that connective tissue graft was not efficient in the treatment of infrabony lesions with two and three walls. / Doutor