Ulm, Univ., Diss., 2007.

Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Berlin. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format. Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2005.

1. INTRODUCTION Facial traumas comprise up to 8% of all traumatic injuries in people. Nearly in 80% of cases of facial traumas, fractures occur in the mandibula, and 30% of the latter cases are mandibular angle fractures. Certain structural peculiarities of mandibular angle influence the character and the healing of such fractures. Smaller diameter, comparing to other sites of the jaw, conditions its lower resistance to impacts. The thickness of the compact bone plate in the angular site isles than 1.5 mm, while its thickness in other sites of the jaw significantly exceeds 2 mm. Due to a characteristic shape of the angle (which changes with age), multiple joists of various directions form in its porous substance under the influence of the mastication force, which also decreases resistance. Frequently impacted or not fully erupted 8th teeth are located in the angle of the jaw, which decreases its resistance to lateral impacts, and makes it more elastic against frontal impact. Mandibular angle is covered with muscles on both sides: the masticatory muscle on the external side, and the internal aliform muscle – on the inner side. This, undoubtedly, influences the character of the fracture and possible interposition of muscles. In case of the angular jaw fracture, one fracture fragment always has no teeth, and the fragments are affected by muscles of opposite directions: the greater fragment is pulled down by the muscles of oral fundus, whereas the smaller... [to full text]