Noble and Collip's discovery (1942.A.) of a standardized way to produce traumatic shock in experimental animals was followed very shortly (1942.B.) by their accidental discovery of the phenomenon of trauma resistance. This was shown to be a resistanceto the shock state which in normal animais follows heavy doses of trauma. The development of tolerance to stress and the resistance to shock which ensues, have been shown and studied quite extensively since their first description.

No description available.

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.

The effects of occupational exposure to traumatic events were examined in two studies of Queensland (Australia) Police Officers. A cross-sectional pilot study of 237 experienced police officers was conducted to develop three survey instruments and to provide preliminary tests of research hypothesis. A prospective study of 100 inexperienced officers examined participants as police recruits, before they were exposed to occupational trauma, and assessed them at two subsequent occasions over a one year period following commencement of police work. Five research questions were addressed by the prospective study: a) What is the nature and extent of occupational trauma exposure in police officers? b) What is the nature and extent of trauma-specific and non-specific morbidity in police officers? c) What is the relationship between police work-related trauma exposure and morbidity? D) What are the determinants and concomitants of sequelae associated with occupational trauma exposures? and e) What characterises the phenomenology of response to police work-related trauma? The pilot study measured participants' sociodemographic characteristics, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, characteristics of exposure to a participant nominated work-related traumatic event, peritraumatic dissociative phenomena, and attendance at a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing using self-report questionnaires. Instruments were developed to assess the frequency and impact of exposure to police work-related traumatic incidents, to measure peritraumatic phenomena, and to examine work-place hassles and climate. Results of the pilot study indicated that work-related traumatic events were ubiquitous. Ninety-five percent of participants reported experiencing a work-related traumatic event some time in their career. Eight percent of participants reported clinically significant PTSD symptomatology associated with a work-related event. Other significant predictors of symptomatology were the cumulative impact of work-related trauma exposure, participants' rank, work-place characteristics, and peritraumatic-phenomena. Participation in a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) was not related to reported symptomatology. In the prospective study, data were obtained on the nature and extent of occupational trauma exposure (characteristics of exposure to a participant nominated most-traumatic work-related event, and the frequency and impact of concurrent occupational trauma exposure), the nature and extent of trauma-specific and non-specific morbidity (PTSD, anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms, general psychological distress, and alcohol consumption and smoking behaviour), and characteristics of putative determinants of morbidity (sociodemographic characteristics, personality constructs, parental relationship characteristics, cognitive constructs, significant life events, coping processes. Social support, work-environment characteristics, CISD participation and peritraumatic phenomena). Consistent with the results of the pilot study, 95% of participants in the prospective study reported clinically significant PTSD symptomatology. Non-specific morbidity rates indicated a general trend of deterioration of participants' health and well-being over the three assessment periods. Of event characteristics, only participants' ratings of the subjective severity (impact) of an event emerged as a significant predictor of symptom measures, with greater severity ratings being associated with higher symptom scores. Similarly, cumulative subject severity ratings of concurrent event exposure were correlates of morbidity measures, whereas frequency ratings of those same events were not. Important determinants of morbidity were found to be greater peritraumatic reactivity and dissociation, greater neuroticism, greater use of coping strategies overall, less reported social support, poorer self-worth, greater number of significant life events, and poorer work-place climate characteristics. As with the result of the pilot study, CISD attendance was not related to reported symptoms. Further examination of the role of peritraumatic phenomena indicated evidence of mediational relationships between peritraumatic phenomena and the morbidity determinants; neuroticism, self-worth, significant life events, coping strategies, social support, work-place climate and comorbidity. A significant interaction between the cumulative impact of concurrent occupational trauma exposure and peritraumatic phenomena indicated that participants who reported greater overall impact of concurrent event exposure and greater peritraumatic phenomena also reported greater Symptomatology associated with a particular event. The findings of this research provide the basis for strategies to more effectively manage the effects of occupational trauma exposure. The modulation of peritraumatic phenomena may prove central to the mitigation of the effects of work-related traumatic event exposure. The cumulative effects of long term exposure to occupational trauma may account for the discrepancy in PTSD morbidity rates between the two studies, and may point to a second promising area of future research. Prospective multi-method research using large samples assessed over several years is required to further develop the construct of peritraumatic phenomena and to examine the chronic effects of occupational trauma exposure.

Orientador: Mario Mantovani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:28:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uguetto_MichelleKarine_M.pdf: 2245684 bytes, checksum: f80e585c54205749099401755d914d88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, através de um protocolo, avaliar as alterações fonoaudiológicas decorrentes de fraturas zigomático-orbitárias, relacionando-as às disfunções do sistema estomatognático, em relação ao gênero, idade, cor, biomecânica do trauma, tipo de fratura, sinais e sintomas e tratamento cirúrgico definitivo. A amostra foi composta por 40 indivíduos traumatizados com fraturas unilaterais zigomático-orbitárias, sendo 20 pacientes com fraturas de zigoma e 20 de assoalho, que foram submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica e seus resultados foram analisados através de exames clínicos de estrutura e funções do sistema estomatognático que compunham o protocolo. O presente estudo demonstrou, segundo a amostra avaliada, que as fraturas zigomático-orbitárias foram mais prevalentes entre adultos jovens, entre 31 a 40 anos, brancos, do sexo masculino, em eventos ligados ao trânsito, sendo o lado esquerdo mais acometido e o tratamento cirúrgico foi mais realizado em detrimento do conservador. As funções de respiração, deglutição e fala apresentaram-se mais alteradas nas fraturas de zigoma, enquanto que as alterações da mímica facial, mastigação estavam mais alteradas nas fraturas de assoalho / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the phonoaudiologic alterations of the zygomatic orbital fractures, relating this manifestations to stomatognatic system dysfunctions to sex, age, skin, trauma¿s biomechanics, kind of fracture, signals and symptoms and surgical treatment, using a evaluation protocol. The sample was composed for 40 individuals with zygomatic orbital fractures, being 20 patients with zygoma fractures and 20 patients with orbital floor fractures, that had been submitted to the phonoaudiologic evaluation and these results had been analyzed through clinical examinations of structure and functions of the stomatognatic system that composed the protocol. The present study demonstrated that the zygomatic orbital fractures had a higher prevalence in young adults, of white skin ranging from 31 to 40 years; in automobilist accidents, with a higher prevalence in left side of zygomatic orbital complex and the surgical treatment was more carried that the conserving surgery. The functions of stomatognatic system, like respiration, swallow and speech were more damaged in zygoma fractures. The facial movement and mastication functions was more damaged in orbital floor fractures / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Objectives: Head injury is a devastating condition in developing countries like South Africa, contributing significantly to mortality and morbidity. The various factors affecting outcome like age, gender, mechanism of injury, clinical, radiological findings and treatment is reported. Their relation to outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score) of treatment in Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic hospital is analyzed. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and demographic profile study. The sample group consists of moderate to severe head injury patients admitted in the neurosurgical unit of Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic hospital from January 2011 to June 2012. The data includes age, gender, nature of head injury (scalp, skull, intracranial), mode of injury (fall from height, road traffic accident, fire arm injury, assault, blast injury), condition at presentation [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)], pupillary reaction, Computed Tomography (CT) scan findings, treatment received and outcome [Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS)] of treatment. Results: A total of 292 patients was enrolled in the study, 258 males (88.3%) and 34 females (11.6%). In the age distribution 50 patients were below 19 years, 161 patients were between 20 to 39 years, 60 patients 40 to 59 years and 21 patients above 60 years. The various mechanisms of injury noted were assault in 127 patients, pedestrian vehicular accident in 50 patients, motor vehicular accident in 33 patients, motor bike accidents in 4 patients, train accidents in 2 patients, gunshot injury in 6 patients, fall from height in 35 patients and struck by heavy object in 5 patients.123 patients had a GCS between 3-5, 72 patients GCS between 6-8 and 97 patients GCS 8-12. 192 patients had equal and reacting pupils after the head injury, 52 patients unilateral fixed pupils and 10 patients bilateral fixed pupils. The Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed 287 patients with focal intracranial findings, 107 with diffuse brain injury and 168 patients with features of raised intracranial pressure. 129 patients (44.1%) were surgically treated and 163 patients (55.8%) treated conservatively with medical treatment. The variables age, mechanism of injury, GCS, pupillary reaction, raised intracranial pressure and type of management was compared to GOS and found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The outcome of patients with moderate to severe head injury has no effect on gender but has a significant relationship between age and mortality. The mechanism of head injury has a direct effect on the prognosis with gunshot head having the worst outcome. The important prognostic factors affecting the outcome include: age of patients, severity of head injury (GCS), pupillary reactivity to light and the pathology of the brain CT scan. The unfavorable prognostic factors are: old age, non-reacting pupils to light, severe head injury (low GCS) and raised ICP after head injury. Medical or surgical management have similar mortality rate. / Submitted in fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Master of Medicine in Neurosurgery Faculty of Health Science University of Witwatersrand

The phenomenon of resilient recovery from traumatic events has been postulated from a multitude of several different theoretical orientations. The current thesis study contributes to what Glen Richardson (2002) described as the linkage between the theoretical traditions of positive psychology and the 3rd wave of resiliency research. More specifically, this study supports the linkage between resiliency and the spiritual/interpersonal experience of human beings, through the multi-modalities of both narrative and art. One of the most intriguing aspect of this thesis study is that 63 per cent of the 27 respondents (who had experienced either traumatic or difficult life events), attributed their resiliency to their belief systems of immortality. Furthermore, such issues of immortality appeared to be connected in some way with what participants in this study described as spirituality. Of the remaining 10 participants, three believed that the human spirit returned to God and did not recycle and the remaining 7 participants attributed their resiliency to other aspects such as personal strength, closeness to nature, social action, creativity, camaraderie with others and so on. Finally, in the narrative tradition, this author kept personal thesis journal notes to herself as she encountered the various participants in this study. A selection of such thesis notes are interspersed in between participants' self-defined resilient stories. Such interwoven narratives form what narrative researcher Laurel Richardson (1997) discussed as the "collective story," in which the voices of those who have been disenfranchised can be both heard and honoured.