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Imagining Tiananmen in 1989: American Media, the Tiananmen Incident, and the Changing Sino-U.S. relationshipWang, Ziyuan January 2010 (has links)
This thesis is about how human rights issues were mediated by the American media, and as a consequence, influenced U.S-China relations at the end of the Cold War. Focusing my research on the news framing by some American news outlets of the 1989 Tiananmen enabled me to observe and understand their role. "Framing" suggests a strategy of news reporting. In some ways, it facilitates our recognizing the ideological lens through which Americans perceived China affairs. I conceptualize their ideological bent as an imagination of a "special relationship" between America and China. My thesis consists of three sections. The first two sections concern the American media coverage of the protests at Tiananmen and the military crackdown on June 4th. The news coverage consistently characterized the Tiananmen protest as a democratic movement intelligible to the informed public in the U.S. As a consequence, this news framing raised the American public's expectations for the protesters. When disillusioned, they turned hope into anger, which was then expressed in Congress in wake of the Tiananmen massacre. Thus, the final section addresses how the Congressional leaders' arguments corresponded with news framing of the Tiananmen protest. My thesis concludes with a reflection over the moral dilemma of liberalism in U.S. China policy and analyzes its implications for both publics in both countries in the future. / History
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Juvenile desires : the child as subject, object, and mise-en-scène in contemporary American cultureMcKittrick, Casey Douglas 26 January 2011 (has links)
Scholarship on the cultural status of the child in America has taken diverse and fruitful forms, yet there exists a significant ellipsis within theories of filmic spectatorship regarding cinematic children. This study engages the child figure's relation to the cinematic apparatus and analyzes spectator responses to the child's presentation as a desiring subject and desired object. Within contemporary American culture, the child figure generates at once a mise-en-scène of desire and a mise-en-abime of potential stigmatization, self-abjection and shame. The vexed relation to the image of the child that characterizes the contemporary adult citizen and, more pointedly, the adult spectator, is a symptom of the contradictory discourses of childhood at play in contemporary American media and within its political bodies. The Columbine shootings, the murder of child beauty queen JonBenet Ramsey, the Catholic Church scandals, many well-publicized child abductions, and countless occurrences over the past decade have produced a climate of moral panic over children's endangerment. Yet, more than ever, the eroticization of children's bodies has inundated cinematic and other media productions, generating anxieties within the adult spectator concerning the propriety of gazing at children. Juvenile desires suggests that the dissonances produced by the contradictory signposts of moral panic and sexual objectification have too often given rise to a homophobically polarizing model of the adult spectator: one the one hand, the ostensibly heterosexual spectator whose relation to the child image is aesthetically distanced, moral, and nostalgic; and on the other, a perverse, likely homosexual spectator whose relation is libidinal, regressive, and genitally oriented. As a theoretical intervention and a reception study, this dissertation examines the term pedophilia as one both culturally over-determined and critically under-investigated. The deployment of the term pedophilia has the rhetorical effect of reducing the complex relations sustained among adult spectators and children to a space of inarticulate abjection or criminality. The dissertation proposes that a deconstructive queer theory can unsettle the recalcitrant association of pedophilia with homosexual pathology, and thereby afford a complex and nuanced account of the roles cinematic children play in generating visual and narrative pleasure across gendered and sexually oriented subject positions. / text
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Vztahy USA-Rusko a masmédia: reprezentace Vladimira Putina v amerických médiích / US-Russia Relations and the Mass Media: The Representation of Vladimir Putin in the American MediaAlikina, Valeriia January 2018 (has links)
Russian-American Relations and the Mass Media Securitization of Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump in the American Press by Valeriia Alikina This thesis is focused on two issues relevant to Security Studies and Political Science: relations between the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which are currently experiencing yet another decline, and problematics of political journalism. It reviews the process of securitization of Russia through speech acts in the mass media of its historical opponent, the United States. First, the thesis provides a theoretical framework, securitization theory, introducing its main principles. To prove that the process of securitization indeed occurs, the method of discourse analysis is employed. The third chapter provides background information on the relations between the Soviet Union/Russia and the United States since the end of the World War II; this information is completed by the role mass media had in their affairs. The next chapter frames the issue of propaganda, elaborating on the meaning behind this concept, the "fake news" narrative, and the idealistic idea of media objectivity. In the fifth chapter, the case study, two processes of securitization are reviewed. The first one is the American mainstream media, namely The New York Times and The...
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Transforming the Predator: Representations of the Child Sexual Abuser in 21st Century American Visual MediaJay, Samuel M. 08 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines the ways American visual media -television and
mainstream/independent cinema- has presented the narrative of child sexual abuse since the beginning of the 21st century. Due to the rise of the counterculture movement and the sexual revolution of the 1960s, a discourse for talking about child sexuality was created. By providing an opportunity to discuss children and sex, for the first time cultural products could deal overtly with child sexual abuse, rather than connotatively. In response to this new discourse, conservative ideals about child sexuality proliferated in the 1970s and 1980s that attempted to return the child to a world of purity and asexuality with all threats to this purity being monstrous. The examples discussed in this thesis highlight the ways that contemporary American visual media has responded to three decades of obsession that created a "master narrative" of child sexual abuse - something that continues to play a significant role in society.
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Sexuální obtěžování v médiích na příkladu americké televizní stanice Fox News / Sexual harassment in the media on the example of the American television channel Fox NewsKytková, Barbara January 2022 (has links)
The thesis Sexual Harassment in the Media on the Example of American Television Fox News aims to describe the sexual harassment affair in the American television company Fox News and compare it with similar cases in other American media organizations. The 2016 case led to the dismissal of Roger Ailes, the company's longtime director, and set off a wave of accusations of sexual harassment in other media, leading to the discrediting of several moderators and prominent figures in the American media. The main goal is to find out whether sexual harassment is a known, systemic phenomenon in America or not. Sexual harassment is also associated with the world-wide anti-sexual harassment movement Me Too, which emerged shortly after the Ailes scandal broke out. Therefore, I want to refute or confirm the hypothesis whether most cases of sexual harassment in the media began to appear only after Me Too became a world-famous movement. The main research method is a search of selected media, such as the New York Times, which has dealt extensively with the case. One of the main results should also be to find out whether harassment has always led to the release of the culprit and whether the victims have received apology or compensation from the media.
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Dispatches from the front : war reporting as news genre, with special reference to news flowBotha, Nicolene 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During Gulf War II, the American government implemented new media policies which,
due to their potentially manipulative impact, became a subject of concern to academics,
social commentators and the media alike. Key to these policies was the Department of
Defense's Embedded Media Program which allowed hundreds of selected reporters to
accompany US forces to the war front. The US openly tried to win international support
for the war, and critics felt that this policy was designed to saturate the media with
reports supporting the American point of view. This study examines these policies, the
history of war reporting as a separate news genre, as well as the fluctuating relations
between the US military and the media. Because of the US media policies, the fact that
only one South African newspaper reporter was in Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom
phase of the war and South African newspapers' consequent reliance on foreign news
sources, there was a real possibility that the American position would be propagated in
the local press. To test whether this was the case, the way the war was reported on in
four leading South African newspapers is examined in terms of gatekeeping,
agendasetting and framing. Using an adapted version op Propp's fairytale analysis as a
standard, it compares the slant and content of the South African coverage to the way
four senior US government officials presented the war. Also, the coverage of the
newspapers is compared to one another. The analyses indicate that while most of the
information published by the newspapers came from American sources, the news
reports generally did not mirror the US standpoint, but instead criticised President Bush
and the war on Iraq. Neither the frequency of the newspapers, nor its cultural
background showed any correlation with the way the war was depicted by the different
newspapers. It is therefore concluded that while the US might have been successful in
their attempt to "occupy the media territory" in terms of sources cited, they were not
able to sway the opinion of the South African press in their favour. However, the US is
aware of these failures and plans to rectify the mistakes made in Gulf War II by means
of proactive global operations started in times of peace. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tydens die Tweede Golfoorlog het die Amerikaanse regering 'n nuwe mediabeleid
ingestel wat weens die potensieel manipulerende impak daarvan ’n bron van kommer
vir akademici, sosiale kommentators en die media self geword het. Sentraal tot hierdie
nuwe beleid was die Departement van Verdediging se sogenaamde "Embedded Media
Program" wat honderde uitgesoekte joernaliste toegelaat het om Amerikaanse magte na
die oorlogsfront te vergesel. Die VSA het openlik probeer om internasionale steun vir
die oorlog te werf en kritici het gevoel dat dié beleid ontwerp is om die media met
nuusberigte wat die Amerikaanse standpunt steun, te versadig. Hierdie studie ondersoek
dié beleid, die geskiedenis van oorlogsverslaggewing as afsonderlike nuus-genre, asook
die wisselvallige verhouding tussen die Amerikaanse weermag en die media. Weens die
Amerikaanse mediabeleid, die feit dat slegs een Suid-Afrikaanse koerantverslaggewer
tydens die Operation Iraqi Freedom fase van die oorlog in Irak was en Suid-Afrikaanse
koerante gevolglik van buitelandse nuusbronne afhanklik was, was daar 'n werklike
moontlikheid dat die Amerikaanse posisie deur die plaaslike pers gepropageer kon
word. Om te toets of dit die geval was, is die manier waarop in vier vooraanstaande
Suid-Afrikaanse koerante oor die oorlog berig is, ondersoek in terme van
hekwagterskap, agendastelling en raamskepping. Deur 'n aangepaste weergawe van
Propp se feëverhaalanalise as maatstaf te gebruik, is die neiging en inhoud van die Suid-
Afrikaanse dekking vergelyk met die manier waarop vier senior Amerikaanse
amptenare die oorlog voorgehou het. Die koerante se dekking is ook met mekaar
vergelyk. Die analises wys dat hoewel die meeste van die inligting wat deur die
koerante gepubliseer is van Amerikaanse bronne kom, die nuusberigte oor die algemeen
nie die Amerikaanse standpunt weerspieël nie, maar eerder krities teenoor President
Bush en die oorlog teen Irak is. Nie die frekwensie van die koerante of die kulturele
agtergrond daarvan het enige korrelasie getoon met die manier waarop die oorlog deur
die verskillende koerante uitgebeeld is nie. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hoewel
die VSA moontlik daarin geslaag het om die "mediaterrein te okkupeer" in terme van
aangehaalde bronne, het hulle nie daarin geslaag om die Suid-Afrikaanse pers se opinie
in hul guns te swaai nie. Die VSA is egter bewus van die foute wat tydens die Tweede
Golfoorlog gemaak is en beplan om dit deur middel van proaktiewe globale operasies
in vredestyd reg te stel.
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Covid-19 & Swedish exceptionalism : A critical qualitative content analysis on the international print media discourses of Sweden’s Covid-19 strategy / Covid-19 & Svensk exceptionalism : En kritisk kvalitativ innehållsanalys av den internationella tryckmedia diskursen om Sveriges Covid-19-strategiKippersluis, Rianne January 2022 (has links)
In 2020, the year the Covid-19 pandemic struck, the Swedish Covid-19 response differed radically from the general policy of total lockdown and strict enforcement of Covid-measures and regulations recommended by the WHO. Instead, Sweden strove early on to achieve herd immunity, with no mandatory measures to limit numbers in shopping malls, buses, and other public events, nor mask requirements. Hence, during the height of the pandemic, Swedish Covid-19 policy was a highly debated issue in the international media, within academia and the World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to examine the international media discourse on the Swedish Covid-19 strategy in the international print media. The focus has been on newspapers from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The research has been done by investigating how Sweden’s Covid-19 strategy is discursively constructed, through major themes and sub-themes that have emerged. Additionally, the differences in discourse between Dutch, English and American media have been explored. As well as the use of language, ideologies, and linguistic devices within the international discourse have been investigated. A total of 178 articles, published between the period of 1 January 2020 until 6 February 2022, have been collected and analyzed. This study uses Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) as main method and has been inspired by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). A coding frame has inductively been created, by having used a sample of 20 newspaper articles in a pilot study. The software of NVivo has been used for the coding process. The major themes that emerged from my analyses of media discourses are: Anders Tegnell, Strategy, Trust and Image of Sweden and Swedes. My study found that media discourses on the Swedish Covid-19 policy are not positive. Rather these tend to be negative or at best neutral. Images of Sweden tend to vary in tandem with increase or decreases of Covid-19 infections and/or deaths. As the Swedish strategy became more or less aligned with the ‘norm’ of the WHO, the coverage of Sweden in media declined and lost its newsworthiness.
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