Thesis (docotral)--München, 1979.

Aminomethyl C-glycosides are of pharmaceutical interest as potential therapeutic agents against HIV, viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and metabolic disorders, e.g. diabetes. Their synthesis is an important chemical problem. In this work, Prince-type cyclizations were performed with different Lewis acids to select optimal conditions, for high yield syntheses of a series of 4-chloro-2-phtalimidomethyl-6methyltetrahydropyrans 3,4 ( a–f ) and 4-chloro-2,6-bis(phtalimido-methyl)-tetrahydropyrans 3,4 ( g–i ), and similar bicyclic compounds 9,10 ( a,b ), potential precursors of C-oligosaccharides. An influence of reagent size and nucleophilicity on the reaction outcome was observed and was interpreted in terms of intermediate complex formations in the cationic mechanism. Optimized eliminations of hydrogen halide from 3,4 by 1,8-diaazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in presence of LiCl gave a mixture of 2,6-anhydro-1,3,4,5,7-pentadeoxy-1-phtalimido-D,L-erythrohept-3-enitol and 2,6-anhydro1,3,4,5,7-pentadeoxy-1-phtalimido-D,L-erythrohept-4-enitol 5b, 6b in 79% combined yield. Epoxidation of 5b, 6b with urea-hydrogen peroxide complex and trifluoroacetic anhydride followed by treatment with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid gave a mixture of two dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-phtalimidomethyl tetrahydropyrans 15 and 16 with an overall yield of 74%. Cis-dihydroxylation of 5b, 6b with OsO 4 /NMO afforded two other dihydroxy-2-methylphthalimido tetrahydropyrans, 17 and 18 . The regioisomeric protected aminomethyl C-glycosides were separated, and were characterized to produce four racemates of aminomethyl C-glycopyranosides in high yields. These primary amines were amidated with chiral quinic acid lactone in the minimal amount of dimethylacetamide to produce four separable diastereomeric mixtures of C-pseudodisaccharides, for a total of eight diastereomers. Diastereomer 37a (or b ) was purified by crystallization and its conformation and structure was established by NMR methods. Diastereomers of compound 35 were derivatized and separated as O-acetyl derivatives and their structure was established by NMR. It was also found that allyl transfer occurred between acetal and homoallylic alcohol during the cyclization step. A new method for the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols from acetals was developed on the basis of this observation. Homoallylic alcohols, 1-phthalimido-4-penten-2-ol 1 β, 1-phenyl-4-pentene-2-ol 7 and 1-benzyloxy-4-penten-2-ol 8 were synthesized by this new method with yields of 71%, 61% and 40% respectively. This method allows the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols from unstable aldehydes. It could be optimized further, on the basis of a proposed reaction mechanism.

Chapter 1 gives an overview of the fluorine chemistry field, from its early developments to recent applications in medicinal chemistry. The development of asymmetric electrophilic or nucleophilic installation of fluorine in organic molecules is highlighten. Chapter 2 of this thesis discusses the enantioselective synthesis of α-fluoroamides. The study is applied to the synthesis of fluoroenantiomers of the bioactive molecule capsaicin and short-chain analogues. The biological activity of these compounds is assayed with the TRPV1 receptor. Results show that enantioselective α-fluoroamides (R)-97, (R)-99 and (S)-99 can generate differentiated biological responses, from TRPV1 agonists to TRPV1 antagonists. Chapter 3 focuses on the optimisation and development of 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine (R)-251 dihydrochloride. The development of 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine (R)-251 as its ditetrafluoroborate salt proved to offer excellent reactivity and solubility for the preparation of derivatives. This tetrafluoroborate salt was used to improve the syntheses of organocatalysts 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)acetamide 363 and 4-methyl-N-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide 364.The catalytic properties of these latter two molecules for asymmetric Mannich reaction is demonstrated. Both (R)-363 and (R)-364 show up to 86% ee, in a typical 20 mol% loading, but loading of (R)-363 as low as 5 mol% still induces the catalysis.

La thématique de recherche développée au cours de cette thèse concerne l’élaboration de nouveaux ligands mixtes ferrocéniques hybrides-(P,N) à conformation contrôlée, robustes et stables à l’air. Ces ligands tétradentes hybrides comportent deux types de fonctions coordinnantes aux propriétés stériques et électroniques distinctes. Leur chimie de coordination avec des métaux tels que l’or ou le palladium a été étudiée et certains complexes d’Au(I) isolés ont été utilisés en catalyse de couplage d’arylation des iodures d’aryles. La première partie de cette thèse porte sur une étude bibliographique concise reflétant la diversité des ligands ferrocénique azotés et hybride-(P,N) et leurs voies de synthèse, pour finalement retracer leur chimie de coordination aux métaux de transition (Pd, Au) ainsi que leurs applications catalytiques. La deuxième partie traite la synthèse d’une famille de composés bis(aminométhyl)-ferrocène et les dérivés associés de manière sélective par amination réductrice du 1,1'- diformylferrocène ou du 1,1'-bis(tert-butyl)-3,3'-diformylferrocène avec une variété d’amines primaires et secondaires. Dans la troisième partie nous présentons les stratégies de synthèse qui ont été utilisées pour la préparation de hybrides-(P,N) ferrocéniques ainsi que leur contrôle conformationnel, et la caractérisation structurale de ces molécules. Leur coordination à des sels de palladium a été étudiée. Les complexes de coordinations correspondants ont étés isolés avec de très bons rendements, et caractérisés en solution par RMN 1H , 13C, 31P, 15N, et à l’état solide par diffraction des rayons X. La quatrième et dernière partie est dédiée à l’étude de la coordination à l’or. Trois nouveaux complexes d’Au(I) dinucléaires, incorporant des ligands ferrocéniques hybride-(P,N), ont étés isolés est caractérisés. L‘un parmi ces complexes a montré une efficacité particulière pour la réaction d’arylation des iodures d’aryles. / The research theme developed during this thesis concerns the development of new hybrid ferrocene hybrid (P, N) ligands with controlled conformation, robust and stable to air. These hybrid tetradent ligands comprise two types of coordinating functions with distinct steric and electronic properties. Their coordination chemistry with metals such as gold or palladium has been studied and some isolated Au (I) complexes have been used in the arylation coupling catalysis of aryl iodides.