This thesis investigates the application of latent variable methods to three combustion processes. Multivariate analysis of flame images and process data is performed to predict important quality parameters and monitor flame stability. The motivation behind this work is to decrease operational costs and greenhouse gases in these energy intensive processes. The three combustion processes studied are a lime kiln, a basic oxygen furnace and a coal-fired boiler. In lime kiln operation, the main goal is to stabilize final product temperature in order to reduce fouling and energy costs. Due to long process dynamics, prediction of product temperature is required at least one hour in advance for potential use in a control scheme. Several methods for extracting features from flame images were investigated for the prediction of the temperature. The best method is then combined with process data in a PLS model that also incorporates dynamic information. The analysis revealed that prediction one hour into the future is successful using latent variable methods. In the basic oxygen furnace analysis, the main goal is to predict end-point carbon of the batch process. Termination of the batch as soon as the desired carbon is attained reduces oxygen consumption and thus operational cost. Traditional image analysis is used to identify a constant field of view in the flame images. Multivariate image feature extraction methods were then used in combination with process data to successfully predict the final carbon content of the heat. The coal-fired boiler analysis focuses on monitoring of flame stability at different production and air to fuel levels of the boiler. Prediction of energy efficiency and off-gas chemistry from flame images is also investigated. An unexpected result was the ability to use the installed cameras for localized fouling monitoring. This thesis showed that the use of multivariate analysis of flame images and process data in combustion process is very promising. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Orientador: Vanessa Gomes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T07:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pardini_AndreaFonseca_M.pdf: 3009036 bytes, checksum: df11fe038da1fb8372046949e7ae835a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A preocupação com a vida no planeta e com a qualidade de vida emergiu como foco de governantes, mídia e comunidades acadêmicas. No setor da indústria da construção civil, porém, o movimento neste sentido ainda é incipiente. Este trabalho tem o objetivo geral de contribuir para o entendimento da aplicação da certificação ambiental de edifícios norte-americana Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - LEED e do conceito de custos no ciclo de vida em empreendimentos mais sustentáveis no Brasil. Para tanto, foram desenhados dois objetivos específicos a serem alcançados: (1) estudar a aplicação de uma metodologia de avaliação ambiental americana, o LEED, em empreendimentos brasileiros, entendendo as facilidades e restrições quando da aplicação para a realidade brasileira e (2) captar a percepção e entendimento referentes às edificações sustentáveis e de custos ao longo do ciclo de vida de uma edificação, por uma amostra relevante do mercado brasileiro. A partir de revisão bibliográfica detalhada foi realizada uma análise da implementação de cada ponto do sistema de certificação diante do contexto brasileiro, confrontando-a com evidências obtidas para os EUA. Finalmente, foram desenvolvidas as análises de dois estudos de casos nacionais, para posicionamento da discussão no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que (1) a percepção aqui no Brasil de que estas edificações têm um custo inicial maior é real, mas ainda está embasada mais em sentimento do que em conhecimento específico; (2) alcançar a certificação LEED pode não ser uma tarefa fácil e, no Brasil, significa, em muitas vezes, saltar da completa ausência de referência para o atendimento de normas americanas; e (3) mesmo em centros avançados da construção civil brasileira, o mercado ainda não está preparado para os "selos verdes" internacionais. Existem grandes obstáculos a serem superados até que se possa desenvolver um edifício verde com a mesma eficiência de prazo e investimento que um empreendimento convencional. Apesar de suas limitações, a entrada de certificações no Brasil traz consigo uma nova forma de se enxergar os impactos gerados pelo produto da construção civil, abrindo assim a discussão para assuntos antes nunca abordados. O que se deve evitar no Brasil é que a ansiedade pela busca de certificados, resulte no risco de fragilizar o papel transformador das certificações. / Abstract: The concern with life on the planet and with quality of life has emerged as a major focus of government, media and academic communities. However, in the Civil Construction Industry, this movement is still incipient. This research has a general objective to contribute for the understanding of the application of the North-American environmental building certification Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - LEED and of the concept of life cycle costing to sustainable buildings in Brazil. Therefore, two specific goals were envisioned: (1) study the application of the LEED certification to Brazilian buildings, understanding the restrictions for its use in a reality different from the original American reference; and (2) get the perception and understanding related to sustainable buildings and the costs during the building life cycle, using a relevant sample of the Brazilian construction market. After a detailed literature review, implementation of the certification system in the Brazilian context was analyzed on an item by item basis, and compared with the evidences obtained from the American results. Finally, two national case studies were analyzed to put the debate in perspective. Obtained results confirmed that (1) the perception that such buildings in Brazil have higher initial costs is correct, however, such perception is based on intuition rather than on specific knowledge or historical evidence; (2) obtaining a LEED certificate is not an easy task and in Brazil it means, most of the time, jumping from complete lack of reference to follow North American standards; and (3) even in developed civil construction centers in Brazil, the market is not yet prepared for international green certification. There are huge obstacles to be overcome until green buildings are developed at the same time and cost efficiency of a conventional one. Even within these limitations, certification brings a new way of looking at civil construction impacts and opens discussion on matters never approached before in Brazil. The quest for certification in itself should be avoided. Otherwise, it may put at risk the valuable contribution building certification can bring to market transformation. / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This Master’s thesis is concerned with analysis of Break Even Point in the company called XY s.r.o. On the basis of BEP analysis in relation to evaluation of economic situation by financial analysis I will compose the improvement suggestion of economic situation in the company. Implementation of whole the improvement suggestion will take effect in reduction of company indebtedness, expansion of surplus and prestige of the company.

This Master’s thesis is concerned with analysis of production function and analysis of Break Even Point in the company called XY s.r.o. On the basis of BEP analysis in relation with production function I will compose the improvement suggestion of economic situation in the company. Implementation of whole the improvement suggestion will take effect in expansion of profit of the company.

The aim of this thesis is to prepare a study on feasibility of the area of a golf course in Mikulov. The study will be used as a material for potential negotiations with a possible investor. Drawing up a budget and quotation a total price of the project implementation are also the parts of the study.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

This master´s thesis is focused on the practical use of project management methods for a project proposal of new attendance system for the primary school Vejrostova. First of all, the specifics of theoretical knowledge needed to understand the problematics, including the analysis of the corporate environment, are explained. Based on these outcomes, the project proposal solution is created for the main purpose of improving the quality of the school´s security system and improving internal services leading to increased employee efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction.

The diploma thesis deals with the process of planning the costs of a contract for construction. The thesis describes the pricing, contract for construction, construction time models, and allocation of costs during the construction. It introduces a particular contract for construction, which is analysed mainly with regard to the allocation of costs during the construction. The thesis introduces also alternative solutions for the allocation of costs during the construction. The purpose of the thesis is to compare the alternative solutions with the reality, and analyse the allocation of costs during the construction.

No description available.

O Laboratório de Análises Clínicas (LAC) vem buscando, no decorrer dos anos, alternativas quanto à sua capacidade em gerar receita. A busca por melhores resultados incrementou a parceria com as organizações chamadas de \"convênios médicos\" ou \"medicina de grupo\" que, em geral, remuneram as análises laboratoriais com base em tabelas de procedimentos criadas pela Associação Médica Brasileira AMB. Destas, a mais utilizada é a Tabela AMB 92, devido a utilizar valores de Coeficiente de Honorários (CH), que convertidos em reais, são mais interessantes para os LAC. Este estudo teve como base o método recomendado pelo \"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\" - NCCLS, que normatiza a apuração do custo baseado na atividade desempenhada durante a sua realização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o custo das análises laboratoriais e verificar se, em comparação à tabela AMB 92, a opção pelos contratos com os \"convênios médicos\" realmente gera lucro a um laboratório de pequeno porte. Para tanto foram selecionadas as análises mais solicitadas no mês de agosto de 2004 em um laboratório de pequeno porte, que presta atendimento a pacientes conveniados a planos de saúde e particulares. O ressarcimento aos laboratórios prestadores de serviço é efetuado com base no valor do CH, que pode variar de acordo com o contrato firmado com os convênios médicos. Os resultados mostraram que na comparação dos custos unitários das 69 análises apuradas com a Tabela AMB-92 houve lucro em 52% das análises quando o valor de CH foi de R$ 0,2610 e quando atribuído um valor de CH de R$ 0,1800, houve lucro em apenas 28% das análises. / The Clinical Laboratory (CL) has been seeking, throughout these years, alternative forms of increasing budget. The search for better results has flourished partnerships with organizations named \"prepaid group practice\" or \"group medicine\" which usually reward the clinical analysis based on tables of procedures established by the Brazilian Medicai Association - BMA. Among them, the most employed is the BMA 92 Table, due to the use of payment coefficient values (PC) which, expressed in Brazilian currency (reais), are in CLs interests. This study was carried out based on the method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards - NCCLS, who draws up the regulation of the cost estimate of a procedure while it is carried out. The objective of this study was to establish the cost of clinical analysis and to verify if, comparing to the BMA 92 Table, the contracts with prepaid group practices are actually profitable for a small size laboratory. In order to achieve it, most requested analysis during August 2004 in a small size laboratory which offers services to patients affiliated with prepaid health plans and private health plans. The payment to the laboratories which offer services is made regarding the PC values, which may change according to the contract with the health plans. The results demonstrated that in comparison to the cost of each one of 69 analysis verified according to the BMA 92 Table, 52% of the analysis were profitable when the PC value was R$ 0.2610 and for the PC value of R$ 0.1800 only 28% of the analysis were profitable.