Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romao_arr_me_botib.pdf: 1517142 bytes, checksum: 9847478643094b18e301318681e42e82 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo analisa a anautogenia em moscas-varejeiras e sua influência sobre a dinâmica populacional dos insetos. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, os experimentos de laboratório foram realizados para analisar o desenvolvimento ovariano de Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala e C. putoria. No segundo, um modelo matemático foi empregado para analisar padrões a partir de dados pré-existentes de Lucilia cuprina. Os resultados obtidos para a comparação entre as diferentes fases do desenvolvimento ovariano em diferentes espécies, Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala e C. putoria e densidades crescentes foram analisados com modelo linear generalizado binomial. O espaço paramétrico dos parâmetros do modelo proposto por Readshaw & Cuff (1980) foi investigado com recorrências a partir de reduções nos valores do substrato protéico para L. cuprina, espécie utilizada para modelar o sistema. Os resultados sugerem que C. putoria é a espécie que mais foi influenciada negativamente pela densidade de adultos. C. megacephala mostrou ser a espécie que menos foi atingida pela densidade. As reduções nos valores dos parâmetros do modelo matemático produziram mudanças qualitativas e quantitativas nos padrões ecológicos de oscilação nas simulações com L. cuprina, com relevância para o contexto de dinâmica e persistência populacional de moscas. / This study analyses the anautogeny in blowflies and its influence on the population dynamics of insects. The study was separated in two parts. In the first one, a laboratory experiment was conducted to analyze the ovarian development of Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala and C. putoria. In the second part, a mathematical model was employed to investigate patterns from data previously obtained with Lucilia cuprina. Results were compared in different species, Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala and C. putoria and in increasing densities by using binomial generalized linear model. The parametrical space of the Readshaw & Cuff (1980) model parameters was investigated with recurrences by reducing the protein substrate values for L. cuprina, the species used to model the system. The results suggest that C. putoria was the most negatively influenced species for adult densities. C. megacephala was the least influenced species for density. The reductions of model parameters values produced qualitative and quantitative changes in the ecological patterns of oscillations in L. cuprina, with relevance to the context of dynamics and persistence of flies.

Orientador: Wesley A. C. Godoy / Banca: Cláudio José Von Zuven / Banca: Lucas Del Bianco Faria / Resumo: Este estudo analisa a anautogenia em moscas-varejeiras e sua influência sobre a dinâmica populacional dos insetos. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, os experimentos de laboratório foram realizados para analisar o desenvolvimento ovariano de Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala e C. putoria. No segundo, um modelo matemático foi empregado para analisar padrões a partir de dados pré-existentes de Lucilia cuprina. Os resultados obtidos para a comparação entre as diferentes fases do desenvolvimento ovariano em diferentes espécies, Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala e C. putoria e densidades crescentes foram analisados com modelo linear generalizado binomial. O espaço paramétrico dos parâmetros do modelo proposto por Readshaw & Cuff (1980) foi investigado com recorrências a partir de reduções nos valores do substrato protéico para L. cuprina, espécie utilizada para modelar o sistema. Os resultados sugerem que C. putoria é a espécie que mais foi influenciada negativamente pela densidade de adultos. C. megacephala mostrou ser a espécie que menos foi atingida pela densidade. As reduções nos valores dos parâmetros do modelo matemático produziram mudanças qualitativas e quantitativas nos padrões ecológicos de oscilação nas simulações com L. cuprina, com relevância para o contexto de dinâmica e persistência populacional de moscas. / Abstract: This study analyses the anautogeny in blowflies and its influence on the population dynamics of insects. The study was separated in two parts. In the first one, a laboratory experiment was conducted to analyze the ovarian development of Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala and C. putoria. In the second part, a mathematical model was employed to investigate patterns from data previously obtained with Lucilia cuprina. Results were compared in different species, Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala and C. putoria and in increasing densities by using binomial generalized linear model. The parametrical space of the Readshaw & Cuff (1980) model parameters was investigated with recurrences by reducing the protein substrate values for L. cuprina, the species used to model the system. The results suggest that C. putoria was the most negatively influenced species for adult densities. C. megacephala was the least influenced species for density. The reductions of model parameters values produced qualitative and quantitative changes in the ecological patterns of oscillations in L. cuprina, with relevance to the context of dynamics and persistence of flies. / Mestre

In many animal species, circadian rhythms of behavior are not constant throughout the lifetime of the individual but rather exhibit at least some degree of plasticity. In the present study, we have examined the potential influences of gender, age, and nutrition (presence or absence of liver) on the expression of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis. We found no significant differences in endogenous circadian period under constant dark conditions with respect to gender, nutrition, or age for the duration of our experiments. On the other hand, both male and female flesh flies, as expected, were predominantly diurnal under light-dark cycles, but the pattern of entrainment differed between the sexes. Females also displayed higher activity levels than males. Also, in contrast with males, female activity levels increased with age. Moreover, females exhibited an extraordinary, but transient (one to three days), departure from diurnality which we characterize as “extended dark activity” (EDA). This phenomenon appeared as a continuous bout of locomotor activity that extended at least three hours into the early half of the dark phase at levels at least twice the median of the overall locomotor activity for the individual fly. EDA occurred as an age-dependent response to liver consumption, never appearing prior to day 4 post-eclosion but, thereafter, transpiring within one or two days after a 48-h exposure to liver. These results suggest a linkage between physiological events associated with egg provisioning and locomotor activity in the anautogenous flesh fly. Furthermore, our findings identify the existence of multiple influences on the expression of circadian clock-regulated behavior.

We have examined potential influences of gender, age, and nutrition on the expression of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis. We found no significant differences in endogenous circadian period under constant dark conditions resulting from gender, nutrition, or age. Male and female flesh flies were predominantly diurnal under light-dark cycles, but their entrainment patterns differed. Females displayed higher activity levels and increasing activity with age, unlike males. Moreover, females exhibited an extraordinary, but transient, departure from diurnality which we characterize as “extended dark activity” (EDA), a continuous bout of locomotor activity extending three hours, or longer, into the dark phase at twice the median of the individual’s overall locomotor activity. EDA occurred as an age-dependent response to liver consumption. Our results suggest a linkage between physiological events associated with egg provisioning and locomotor activity as well as multiple influences on the expression of circadian clock-regulated behavior.