This study investigates the attitudes of university lecturers and undergraduate students in regards to translation as a university subject and its role in enhancing students' English as foreign language at Benghazi University. The study examines the skills and linguistic aspects that lecturers and students believe are developed through pedagogical translation. A student survey was implemented on 400 students to measure their attitudes. In addition, a semi-structured interview was conducted on 6 university lectures. A mixed-methods approach was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative research methods to gain richer data and improve the validity and reliability of the study. The findings of the study revealed that students and their lectures believe that translation has enhanced their English language in general. In addition, they believe that it has specifically developed their reading and writing more than their speaking and listening skills. Lectures and students reveal that pedagogical translation has improved their grammar and language use of vocabulary and collocations. Moreover, they consider that implementing contrastive analysis in pedagogical translation classes has raised students' awareness of mother tongue interferences. Furthermore, students and their lecturers believe that several linguistic aspects were enhanced, such as cohesion, coherence, genres, registers, language dialects as well as form and meaning. Students and lecturers also believe that their cultural awareness was developed. In conclusion, students and lecturers believe that translation could be an effective tool in learning English as a foreign language. The study contributes to the literature of pedagogical translation and foreign language teaching and learning settings.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The global use of mobile devices, and their connectivity capacity, integrated with the affordances of social media networks, provides a resource-rich platform for innovative student-directed learning experiences. Technology has become embedded in the daily lives of students, who become more approachable when technology is used within the higher education context. In 2014 the Educause Centre for Analysis and Research partnered with 213 higher education institutions across the United States of America. It was established that 86 percent of undergraduate information technology students owned a smartphone and half of that percentage owned a tablet. A systematic review on mobile learning in higher education focusing on the African Perspective in 2017 concluded that there was an increase in the use of mobile learning in higher education. Higher education institutions continue to move away from traditional, lecture-based lessons towards new, innovative teaching and learning methodologies to facilitate emerging pedagogies and strategies, thereby enhancing student learning. The adoption of technological innovation could promote the unfolding of a social process that over time could enhance social connectedness among young students and their older adult educators. Mobile learning is fundamentally defined as “learning with mobile devices” and it has the potential to extend the philosophies of learning through innovation It was identified that research in the field of m-learning can be divided into four areas, namely: pedagogy; administrative issues and technological challenges; ensuring sustainable development in education using m-learning; and the impact of new applications. With the increased need for nursing professionals, promoting the quality and effectiveness of nursing education has become crucial. It is thus important to establish learning environments in which personalised guidance and feedback to students regarding their practical skills and the application of their theoretical knowledge within clinical learning environments is provided.

<p> Current efforts in higher education institutions to increase persistence and success among Hispanic students continue to be ineffective and thus new conceptual frameworks need to be explored. Data from the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities asserts that increasing the number of Hispanics that graduate is vital for our country&rsquo;s future. In turn, Hispanic-Serving Institutions need to nourish and nurture their students to ensure that they graduate and institutional frameworks would benefit from cultural and epistemological congruence with Hispanic students, their families, and their communities. </p><p> Educational leaders have urged educators to take on the responsibility and commitment to students&rsquo; success and to have a positive impact on the communities they serve. This quasi-experimental study intends to measure the impact of a Hispanic-Serving Institution&rsquo;s social responsibility on underrepresented students&rsquo; institution affiliation, especially Hispanic students in South Texas. </p><p> The following research questions guided this study: 1) What types of perceptual and behavioral characteristics (e.g. social integration, academic integration, perceived campus climate, CESL enrollment status, service learning enrollment status, language proficiency, gender, and immigration status) are associated with sense of belonging for college students, especially Hispanic students at a HSI in South Texas? and 2) How do community-engaged scholarship and learning experiences encompassed in CESL courses (the treatment) impact college students&rsquo; sense of belonging and academic and social integration, especially Hispanic students at a HSI in South Texas? </p><p> In order to answer the two research questions, a quasi-experimental research design was used in this investigation. It involved two forms of analyses: Regression Analysis addressing question one and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) addressing question two. The Multiple Regression Analysis (N = 208) yielded significant findings (p &lt; .05). The full model revealed that 48% of the variance in Sense of Belonging, the dependent variable, was explained by four predictor variables: Peer Group Interaction; Faculty Concern for Student Development and Teaching; Academic and Intellectual Development; and English Proficiency. Although there were no differences (p > .05) detected among the comparison groups, recommendations to improve research design, methodology and treatment fidelity for future studies were provided.</p><p>

<p> Student retention has been studied more than any higher education subject (Vlanden &amp; Barlow, 2014). Attempts to better understand the retention process through predictive modeling have become more common (Bingham &amp; Solverson, 2016). However, modeling efforts have failed to properly account for elements of social integration and sense of belonging, both of which serve as key tenants in Astin&rsquo;s (1975, 1999) theory of student involvement and Tinto&rsquo;s (1982, 1993) model of college dropout and theory of student departure (Bingham &amp; Solverson, 2016). In this study, social integration was evaluated in isolation using <i>z</i>-tests. Several forms of social integration were found to have a statistically significant difference in the proportion of retained participants versus non-participants including campus fitness programs, fraternity or sorority programs, recreation facilities, and student activities. Participants in intramural sports and on-campus living were not found to have statistically significant results. Additionally, binary logistic regression was used to analyze how social integration variables interplayed with demographic, student attribute, and academic performance inputs. The model produced through the analysis successfully met previous goodness-of-fit standards established in prior research (Bingham &amp; Solverson, 2016; Jia &amp; Maloney, 2014). Findings of this research are especially relevant to higher education administrators. A key method to the promotion of persistence and student retention is the ability to predict attrition (Harvey &amp; Luckman, 2014). By including social integration data, higher education leaders could seize upon the opportunity to more accurately identify those students who are less likely to persist than their peers (Bingham &amp; Solverson, 2016). </p><p>

Simulation holds enormous potential for medical education, where patient safety concerns have made practice on patients less acceptable. However, there is no unequivocal evidence of simulation training translating to improved performance in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to add to the literature on simulation training by a) synthesising the current evidence on the effectiveness of simulation training in healthcare, b) investigating the effectiveness of different ‘doses’ of mannequin training in learning laryngeal mask airway placement and c) assessing the effectiveness of a simulation course on managing life threatening illness. This thesis has added to the literature in the field of medical education a review of reviews of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of simulation training in medicine and surgery, and two RCTs evaluating different simulation training courses. The review of reviews highlighted that simulation training can be effective, but there was little consistent evidence across tasks or types of simulator. The two RCTs reported nil results, reinforcing that simulation alone is insufficient to ensure effectiveness. These results highlight the importance of recognising when simulation training is appropriate, how simulation interacts with other elements of a training programme and how the simulation can be made maximally effective.

This thesis explores the implementation of academic servant leadership in a faith-based university in Indonesia. The exploration includes the academic leaders’ understanding on the concept and practise of servant leadership. Their perceptions are analysed in order to construct the theory of academic servant leadership in the HE sector. The case study method was chosen as the methodology since it is able to explain the academic servant leadership phenomena from the leaders’ perspective in their context. Data was collected from thirty higher education leaders who participated in a semi-structured interview. The analysis shows that servant leadership is driven by three motives: service, influence and improvement. The motives for servant leadership influence their characteristics which consist of spiritual, intrapersonal and relational characteristics. These concentric characteristics are then manifested into five servant leadership actions namely ‘pergumulan’, individual meetings, institutional meetings, dealing with conflicts and fostering collaborations. The researcher argues that academic servant leaders need to have a pure motive and strong character in order to enact their servant leadership. The manifestation of their characters into actions cannot be separated from three contextual matters at the case campus, namely hierarchical academic leadership, organisational changes and external challenges and opportunities.

This thesis is focused upon and examines the experiences of students with dyslexia in higher education. At the time of the research project started not much was known about the experiences of higher education students with dyslexia. An insight into their lives and experiences with a further overview of their past is evaluated. The participants of this study were undergraduate and postgraduate students studying for a degree in Higher Education and were assessed as dyslexic. The sample consisted of students that were studying in three universities in the city that the research took place. In order for the data to be collected interviews were used, as it would be very difficult to describe experiences and feelings with numbers. The words of the participants were used to support the categories and findings of the study. The students of these particular universities were overall satisfied with the provision and support they were receiving from their institutions although further investigation needs to be done on the attitudes and perceptions of the lecturers with regards to dyslexia.

This corpus-based, exploratory study attempts to fill a gap in the realm of knowledge on writer’s self-representation in academic writing. It aims to examine the writer’s discoursal self manifested by the utilisation of first person pronouns, focusing on the functional roles they occupy in multi-genre texts (paragraphs and essays) generated by non-native, undergraduate students at different levels of the College of Nursing in the cities of Al-Ahsa (CON-A) and Jeddah (CON-J) in Saudi Arabia. The students’ texts were compiled in two sub-corpora: CON-A (27160 words) and CON-J (15413 words). The data have been analysed quantitatively and qualitatively employing a data-driven framework of writer discoursal self, which includes the categories of the roles inhabited by the writer ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ the text. The results mainly show the strong presence of writer as a person, who performs roles outside the text, and the rare use of writer as an academic, who occupies roles inside the text. A number of other observations have been made, which will help form a better understanding of students’ writing and their perception of identity in writing. Factors that appear to have influenced the students’ discoursal choices and acts have been proposed. Taking the findings into account, the thesis concludes with proposing some practical suggestions for raising awareness in L2 writing pedagogy, and identifying some future research.

This study postulates that there are currently four main dyslexia paradigms. These paradigms are: a) the Positivist-Intrinsic-Dyslexia-Paradigm, which reflects positivist studies on dyslexia that hold the etiological view that dyslexia exists intrinsically to the individual (of constitutional origin), b) the Interpretivist-Intrinsic-Dyslexia-Paradigm, which holds the etiological view that dyslexia exists intrinsically to the individual c) the Positivist-Extrinsic-Dyslexia-Paradigm, which reflects studies on dyslexia that hold the etiological view that dyslexia exists extrinsically to the individual (not of constitutional origin), and, d) the Interpretivist-Extrinsic-Dyslexia-Paradigm, which reflects studies on dyslexia that also hold the etiological view that dyslexia exists extrinsically to the individual. This study moves beyond the four main dyslexia paradigms by combining the I-E-D-Paradigm with elements of Burrell and Morgan's (1979) sociological Radical Humanist Paradigm, thus creating a Radical I-E-D-Paradigm from which to conduct the present study. From the position of a Radical I-E-D-Paradigm this study develops an alternative perspective on dyslexia, i.e., a non-constitutional perspective on dyslexia (N-C-PoD), and, emancipatory intervention aimed at assisting 'dyslexic' students to explore their perceptions of dyslexia. This study explores the influence that the N-C-PoD and emancipatory intervention has on the descriptions of dyslexia, in relation to self-concept, of two 'dyslexic' students studying in tertiary education.

As one participant of my study said, "Yes, I was hazed, and following my induction, I hazed others. That's the way it is and that's the way it will always be." This is how he justified his involvement with hazing within his fraternity.;"For over seven hundred years in higher education, and over two hundred years in American higher education, some form of hazing has existed, a systematic means of indoctrinating new members of the university community through a rite of passage. It is within this culture that fraternities were started" (Kimbrough, 2003, p. 39), including African American organizations. From their beginning, "African American fraternities were created in an effort to provide Black students with the interpersonal, social, educational, and professional support denied to them in many American social and political structures; however, they did not autonomously create the process of violent initiation" (Ross, 2000, p. 6). Even still, hazing has become such a significant problem for African American fraternities that these destructive practices are raising questions regarding the continued existence of these Greek organizations. Individual students, their parents, local chapters, national organizations, legislatures and courts are all affected by the devastating results of hazing and the unwillingness amongst African American fraternity members to eliminate it from their practices.;Through an investigation of the membership intake process for African American fraternities, this research provides a better understanding of the meanings behind hazing activities that occur within that process or even after membership (post-pledging). The problem of this qualitative study was to explore the reasons that African American fraternity members engaged in or allowed themselves to be hazed during their initiation process. I wanted to create a better understanding of the role hazing continues to play within African American fraternities. to accomplish this, my study focused on members of one of the NPHC fraternities, dividing them into three distinct cohorts based from the year they became a member of their fraternity (1990-1995; 1996-2000; and 2001-2006).;Based on my analysis, distinct characteristics define each cohort in a general sense with each cohort having their own individual reasoning for hazing activities within their fraternity. Many similarities were apparent among all the men involved in the study; however, equally, extreme differences emerged as to why they allowed themselves to be hazed. Each cohort, although comprised of five individuals, shared some commonalities unique only to their cohort.;Within this dissertation, I discuss eight distinct areas discovered in my analysis, giving pertinent information relating to each cohort and the overall group as well. The eight areas are: (1) the significance of masculinity and manhood in the induction process; (2) the escalation of violence within hazing activities; (3) intra and inter-fraternity relationships; (4) the relevance of the shift from pledging to the membership intake program; (5) hegemonic versus Afro-centric interests in deciding to join the fraternity; (6) pledging versus hazing; (7) definitions of respect; and (8) attitudes toward hazing.