Thesis--Frankfurt am Main. / Without thesis statement. Bibliography: p. [141]-151.

Proefschrift--Louvain. / Bibliography: p. [209]-215.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1961. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-106).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-232).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bremen, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: José Paulo Alves Fusco / Banca: Vagner Cavenaghi / Banca: José Benedito Sacomano / Resumo: Tendo como cenário a evolução dos ambientes globalizados com velocidades acentuadas, a sobrevivência empresarial é posta à prova constantemente. O simples fato de escolher, caminhos ou atitudes, por parte das empresas, demonstram a maneira com que elas entrarão no processo da competição. A articulação de princípios, métodos e técnicas em função de adequar o melhor meio de gestão vêm se tornando cada vez mais presente no ambiente empresarial. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido, inicialmente, de acordo com a pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando determinar a construção de uma linha de conhecimento ao redor do tema estabelecido, desde as escolas da administração clássicas até as relações sistêmicas mais recentes aplicadas. De modo geral, este trabalho responde que ações de melhoria, como gestão da produtividade no ambiente na manufatura, induzem a formação de valor agregado. Por outro lado, de maneira específica, a resposta à questão de pesquisa foi complementada com um exemplo estudado no ambiente industrial. O resultado final alcançado neste trabalho foi confirmado de acordo com o emprego da lógica dedutiva buscando a evidência da relação teórica com a prática, conforme a prévia elaboração de um roadmap (roteiro) como objeto facilitador na compreensão do contexto geral que cercam o assunto. Os aspectos que dirigiram o desenvolvimento do processo reflexivo a respeito da questão de pesquisa se originaram diretamente do contexto produtivo e da formação de redes de valor. Enfim, a relação de causa e efeito estudada e estabelecida no roadmap (roteiro), demonstram o acentuado grau de correlação entre o estudo teórico e o aspecto prático aplicado pela empresa selecionada como exemplo, deixando este último como sugestão para pesquisas adicionais. / Abstract: Having as backstage scenery the fast speed global environments the business survical is constantly checked. The mere fact of choosing ways or attitudes the companies put into evidence how they will participate in such competition game. Articulation of principles, methods and techniques aiming to better adequate the best management way has become at each day more and more present within business environment. The present paper was developed according to the method of bibliographic research presenting the knowledge since the classical administration schools up to the most recent systemic relations applied into business companies. As a general aim this paper searched the answer that improvement. Movement as productivity management in manufacturing environment leeds to build added value. As a specific aim the answer of the research question was complemented with an example. The final result in this paper was confirmed according to the use of the deductive reasoning looking for the theorical relation linked to the practical experience according to the previous roadmap to facilitate the understanding in the general context. The reflexive process developed about the research question has its origin immediate in the productive context and netvalue formed as well. Finally the cause and effect relation and according to the roadmap, showed up a high correlation degree between theory and practice applied in the example selected indicating the last as suggested to additional future research. / Mestre

Orientador: Elton Eustáquio Casagrande / Banca: Luciana Togeiro de Almeida / Banca: Helena Carvalho de Lorenzo / Resumo: O desenvolvimento no Brasil, ocorrido de forma mais intensa nas décadas de 1950-70, teve como alicerces o crescimento econômico, a infra-estrutura e a diversificação da base produtiva, em detrimento de uma sociedade mais equânime, tanto em termos individuais, quanto regionais. Quando a crise da dívida explicita as falhas do modelo adotado e o fechamento das linhas internacionais de crédito interrompe o ciclo de financiamento brasileiro, as reformas estruturais são propostas como forma de fomentar o crescimento e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir as desigualdades. Neste contexto justifica-se o trabalho proposto: retomar a discussão sobre o desenvolvimento, partindo de indicadores estruturados. Desagregando o conceito da renda per capita em indicadores de eficiência econômica, mobilização formal de mão-de-obra e população potencialmente capaz de gerar riqueza, de forma a avaliar como a nova dinâmica da economia repercutiu sobre as desigualdades regionais e analisar o comportamento da produtividade. / Abstract: The development in Brazil, occurred of more intense form in the decades of 1950-70, has as foundations the economic growth, the infrastructure and the diversification of the productive base, in detriment of a more equity society, as much in individual terms, how much regional. When the crisis of the debt showed the imperfections of the adopted model and the closing of the international lines of credit interrupted the cycle of Brazilian financing, the structural reforms were proposed as form to foment the growth and, at the same time, to reduce the inaqualities. In this context, the considered work is justified: to retake the quarrel on development, leaving of structuralized pointers. We disaggregate the concept of the per capita income in pointers of economy efficiency, formal mobilization of the man power and population potentially capable to generate wealth, to evaluate as the new dynamics of the economy reed-echo on the regional inaqualities and to analyze the behavior of the productivity. / Mestre

abstract: This dissertation consists of three essays that broadly deal with the growth and development of economies across time and space. Chapter one is motivated by the fact that agricultural labor productivity is key for understanding aggregate cross-country income differences. One important proximate cause of low agricultural productivity is the low use of intermediate inputs, such as fertilizers, in developing countries. This paper argues that farmers in poor countries rationally choose to use fewer intermediate inputs because it limits their exposure to large uninsurable risks. I formalize the idea in a dynamic general equilibrium model with incomplete markets, subsistence requirements, and idiosyncratic productivity shocks. Quantitatively, the model accounts for two-thirds of the difference in intermediate input shares between the richest and poorest countries. This has important implications for cross-country productivity. Relative to an identical model with no productivity shocks, the addition of agricultural shocks amplifies per capita GDP differences between the richest and poorest countries by nearly eighty percent. Chapter two deals with the changes in college completion in the United States over time. In particular, this paper develop a dynamic lifecycle model to study the increases in college completion and average IQ of college students in cohorts born from 1900 to 1972. I discipline the model by constructing historical data on real college costs from printed government reports covering this time period. The main finding is that that increases in college completion of 1900 to 1950 birth cohorts are due primarily to changes in college costs, which generate a large endogenous increase in college enrollment. Additionally, evidence is found that supports cohorts born after 1950 underpredicted sharp increases in the college earnings premium they eventually received. Combined with increasing college costs during this time period, this generates a slowdown in college completion, consistent with empirical evidence for cohorts born after 1950. Lastly, the rise in average college student IQ cannot be accounted for without a decrease in the variance of ability signals. This is attributed the increased precision of ability signals primarily to the rise of standardized testing. Chapter three again deals with cross-country income differences. In particular, it is concerned with the fact that cross-country income differences are primarily accounted for by total factor productivity (TFP) differences. Motivated by cross-country empirical evidence, this paper investigates the importance individuals who operate their own firms because of a lack of other job opportunities (need-based entrepreneurs). I develop a dynamic general equilibrium labor search model with with entrepreneurship to rationalize this misallocation across occupations and assess its role for understanding cross-country income differences. Developing countries are assumed to have tighter collateral constraints on entrepreneurs and lower unemployment benefits. Because these need-based entrepreneurs actually have a comparative advantage as workers, they operate smaller and less productive firms, lowering aggregate TFP in developing countries. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Economics 2013