In this study similarities and differences in health experiences among urban poor in relation to the forms of capital they possess: economic, social, cultural, and health capital and the different positions they hold in the urban field, are analyzed. The research was conducted in two poor gecekondu neighborhoods in Altindag, Baraj and G&uuml / ltepe, via face to face interviews with 40 individuals. A main finding has been that the different forms of capital, in volume as well as in composition, had an influence on the urban poor&rsquo / s health perceptions, health care access, health seeking strategies and experiences in health institutions. The rural-urban migrants refer to a habitus in relation to health which still strongly relies on their rural practices. Major differences among men and women have been observed, where men seem to be more open to integrate into the urban dispositions. Economic capital plays a crucial role. Regular income earners do tend to emphasize that they have a certain autonomy and control over their health. On the other hand, benefit dependent poor mention that they have less control over their health. Economic capital can be seen as very much the same among the group studied, but the differences in health experiences rely strongly on Cultural capital is understood as their different identities: villager/non-villager / illiterate/ non-illiterate / women/men / healthy/non-healthy. Social capital (formal and informal solidarity networks) is studied as the role in health experiences, access to health care and strategies to use the existing health system / as well as how individuals support each other materially and immaterially. Social capital is important because it converts into economic capital, not as exchange but as use value. An analysis of the different forms of capital allows us to address at the interrelationship of structural conditions in the field and the practices actors experience through their internalized habitus. Health experiences therefore differ even among a socio-economic homogenous group. In addition to the above mentioned forms of capital, it is also argued that health itself should be considered as a form of capital. Health capital (self perceived health/illness and medically diagnosed disease) influences and is influenced by the other forms of capital.

A relatively new fracture toughness testing method called Straight Notched Disc Bending (SNDB) was used before for fracture testing of Ankara Andesite and Afyon Marble cores. In this work to investigate the applicability of the new method to other rock types. With a preliminary notch of 10 mm, straight notched disc type specimens with a diameter of 75 mm were loaded by three-point bending loads. Investigation of effect of specimen height on the stress intensity factor and fracture toughness was carried out. Specimen heights (B) between 18 &ndash / 67 mm were tried for andesite and marble cylindrical specimens. Loading span, that is span/radius (S/R) ratio was changed between 0.6 - 0.9 for andesite specimens. Stress intensity factor for specimens was computed with ABAQUS program. Stress intensity factor was found to increase with increasing specimen diameter for a fixed span/radius ratio. Stress intensity factor decreased with increasing specimen height. Changing span was found to have no significant effect on fracture toughness of andesite. Fracture toughness was significantly lower for specimens with smaller height. The suggested testing height interval for this type of specimens was between height/diameter ratios of 0.49 &ndash / 0.64. Results were compared to the results obtained by a well-known specimen geometry named semi-circular bend specimens (SCB) under three-point bending. SCB tests produced lower values for fracture toughness for both rock types. Fracture toughness was 0.99 MPa&amp / #8730 / m for Ankara Andesite and 0.70 MPa&amp / #8730 / m for Afyon Marble.

Traditional Dwellings in Ankara Citadel have an important place among both Anatolian and Ankara Traditional Dwellings, reflecting certain characteristics of their own. Citadel Area, as one of the oldest settlements in Ankara, has been hosting both residential and commercial activities for a very long period of time. Today, the area has regained its popularity / as a commercial, cultural and tourism center with the potential of its remaining values from the past and conservation movements held in the area starting from 1970&amp / #8217 / s. Within these circumstances, the residential pattern inside Citadel area, the boundaries of which are strictly defined by historical fortress walls, carries the highest risk in the area. At this point, main factors threatening the existing pattern can be categorized in four titles, which also constitute the definition of the problem that the thesis is going to deal with. First factor is the rapid change in original use of traditional dwellings in the Outer Citadel due to the pressure derived from the increase in tourism, commercial and cultural activities in the area. Second factor is the assignment of gastronomic function as the most popular and major function among new functions of restored traditional dwellings in the area. The third factor is the disappearance of original characteristics and values of traditional dwellings due to restoration projects, which is caused by the discordant relation of the spatial, functional requirements of gastronomic use with the original characteristics, spatial capacity of traditional dwellings. Last factor is the present physical situation of traditional dwellings, which doesn&amp / #8217 / t correspond with their physical situation in the projects approved by the Board of Conservation of Ankara. Outer Citadel is the study area for the problem with its clear boundaries, which is actually a buffer zone between the commercial, cultural, tourism zone outside the Citadel Area and Inner Citadel, in which the existing residential pattern, mostly preserving its original characteristics and use, is located. This thesis mainly intends to point out how the original characteristics, values and spatial quality of traditional dwellings are affected from the gastronomic function in both positive and negative ways within the context of contemporary understanding and methods of conservation. Discordances and problems between the approved restoration projects and the restoration implementations are another subject of the thesis. The thesis starts with an introduction chapter, informing about the theoretical framework established for the study, the definition and aim, which also informs about the methodology followed. Second chapter consists of a historical research on Ankara Citadel and examinations on the present situation of the area, traditional dwellings in Ankara Citadel and other developments in the city which have an effect on Citadel Area and traditional dwellings. Third chapter includes the analyses of traditional dwellings chosen for the study with their evaluations, in which the original characteristics and values these dwellings are also indicated. Fourth chapter consists of the analyses of the restoration projects of the traditional dwellings again with their evaluations, considering both the present situation and the original characteristics and values. Thesis ends with a conclusion chapter, which makes a general evaluation of the study within the context of modern conservation approaches.

This study investigates the emergence of a shopping mall based urban life in Ankara. As the city is under the siege with the mushrooming growth of shopping malls, the urban life gains a new attribute. The economical, social, and cultural institutions and activities of the city are collected under the roof of the mall, and distinctions out of the shopping mall are formed and reproduced around the consumption activities of the mall. Based on a qualitative research which was conducted in ANKAmall, this study investigates the shopping mall experience of the different segments of population in terms of income group, age, and gender. Shopping malls present an idealized urban life in Turkey by providing individuals to articulate with Westernization, modernization, and globalization processes in their everyday lives. While the everyday life goes under transformation in the shopping malls through the juxtaposition of irrelevant spheres, they also become the center of attraction for different segments of population despite their restrictive dynamics such as socio-technological control. The subject of the mallified urban life is the consumer, while its culture rests on the intersection of modernization and globalization.

The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive look over the domestic space in the scope of the case study held in Ankara. The key notion of the evaluation is that home is a &amp / #8216 / place&amp / #8217 / and it can not be evaluated comprehensively when abstracted and degraded into classifications of size, location, cost, or generalized user profile, without considering its place-specific qualities and the experience of its users. Starting from this point, the thesis provides a detailed observation and documentation of the physical qualities of home, followed by the appreciation of its users depicting their own experiences and interventions on the place. The &amp / #8216 / reciprocal&amp / #8217 / character of the relationship between the household and the home, the concepts of place-identity and sense of belonging are traced and discussed. The research is conducted in a privileged example of modern residential architecture in Ankara / YeSiltepe and Yildiztepe Blocks in Emek District and its method constitutes of three parallel stages which are the archival study made on written and visual documents, in-depth interviews done with the households, and on-site observation and visual documentation study of the research field.

The objective of this study is to understand the petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Messinian (Upper Miocene) gypsum occurence in Polatli Sazilar region, Ankara and to determine the impurities associated with gypsum. Moreover, it is aimed to interpret the usability of this raw material with impurities in plaster and plasterboard production based on industrial standards. Based on petrographical study, the first variety of gypsum which have different physical properties is white massive, micro crystalline, and translucent gypsum. Prismatic, transparent, idiomorphic and cleavage dominated selenite is the second variety. The gypsum rock is also identified that it is composed of sand sized selenite crystals and gypsum grains in a calcite and clay rich matrix. These impurity minerals also observed in thin beds alternating with gypsum. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies are conducted to determine the relationship between the impurity mineral, gypsum and the selenite. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies were used to identify the type of clay minerals. In the samples, Ca-smectite is the essential impurity clay mineral. Rarely, mixed layer of illite-smectite is also identified. Geochemical studies also shows that as the amount of clay impurity increases, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O (wt%) increases with decreasing SO3 (wt%). On the other hand, impurity of calcite controls the CaO (wt%) content in varying amounts. Five different groups of samples indicating different abundance of clay and calcite impurities are interpreted. The clay rich samples are enriched, in general, in vanadium, nickel, copper and chromium.

This study concentrates on the fragmentation process of the city centers. The study suggests that it is not necessarily the planning decisions or the lack of a rigorous planning framework that brings about the fragmentation process. Local and global economic and social circumstances may also give way to fragmentation of the city center. These processes take place through the countenance of developers, city authorities and central government. In this context, the study focuses on the fragmentation process of the city center functions with specific attention to the retail decentralization. The issue is considered within the dilemma between the investor and urban development. The main concern of the study is to put forward the fragmentation process of the city center of Ankara, as a consequence of the changing economic structure and the decision making processes under certain economic conditions, concentrated on decentralization of organized retail. Within this framework three different methods are used to display the fragmentation process. The first one consider the changes in the urban space / the second one focus on the processes of location and relocation of public buildings / and the third one consider the impacts of the organized retailing on the fragmentation of the center through Armada Shopping Center. The first two methods, which are historical and geographical, demonstrate how this process was formed and the final empirical method quantitatively illustrates the fragmentation process. Doing this, the fragmentation process and the changes in the city center analyzed through the entrepreneurs and the major representatives of the central government and local administrations under the given economic and social structure.

This study is an evaluation of the function and the meaning of parliamentary spaces of the Turkish Republic, focusing on the parliamentary complex of the Turkish Grand National Assembly in the capital city of Ankara. Parliament buildings are symbols of the nation and the nation state, representing the national identity via expressional aspects of their functional space. The issue is of national prestige, security and power that remain in effect albeit adapting to changing situations in time. This study attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the spatial, stylistic as well as the urban characteristics of parliamentary spaces in Turkey by examining the earlier experiences in late Ottoman and early Republican periods, and by not only analyzing the establishment of the complex as designed by Holzmeister in the late 1930s, but also evaluating its enlargement as affected by the changing exigencies in contemporary political agendas after the Assembly had started to use the complex in the 1960s until today. The study examines the formation and the transformation of the Assembly complex in Turkey under the pressure of the highly dynamic political realities of the twentieth century, in order to reflect upon the continuities and discontinuities in functions and meanings of the parliamentary spaces throughout the process.

The aim of this study is to understand the class character of the new middle class,that is defined as white-collar workers through the bulk of the class literature. To achieve this aim, two sets of research questions, operating both on the objective and subjective levels, have been developed. The first set of questions are / &ldquo / What are the objective conditions (such as economic capital, cultural capital,gender/age composition and class background) of the people who belong to the new middle class defined as white-collars according to structural definitions in Ankara? How are those conditions differentiated within this new middle class category?&rdquo / Those questions are tried to be answered by conducting a secondary analysis to an already existing three-generational representative database for Ankara By taking the quantitative analysis as a base, second set of questions that aim to scrutinize how this heterogeneity in terms of economic/cultural capital and class background are reflected on the subjective level, has been developed. Therefore interviews are held with 31 people in Ayranci neighborhood so as to answer to the following questions: &ldquo / How people who belong to the new middle class, defined as white-collars according to structural definitions, experience their class position? and what elements, in what ways affect their class experience/class practices?&rdquo / In the light of the interviews that question the &ldquo / social space of lifestyle&rdquo / &ndash / composed of daily life practices- and &ldquo / social relations&rdquo / &ndash / analyzed by the content and nature of the drawn symbolic boundaries- four new middle class milieus &ndash / which are highly dispersed among the habitus map of Bourdieu- are identified. The overall study highlights how it is problematic to attribute certain values, lifestyles and attitudes, which are the molders of the class experience, to the whole new middle class category that is defined within the occupational structure.

Since its invention, photography has been accepted as a reliable tool for achitecture in terms of its power for creating objective documents of the built-form. The aim of this study, is to question the so-called objectivity and reliability of the photographic representations of the buildings by showing how architectural photography emerges also with an artistic and purely aesthetic character rather than being a mere tool of objective documentation. Taking this formal emphasis on architectural subject as a basis, a broader focus will be given to the photogenic character of the images used in architectural publications. Instead of reflecting real spatial experience, these idealized photographs are used in a given context to constitute a fiction that alters the viewer&#039 / s understanding of the architectural subject. Therefore, the main question is not whether architectural photography is an objective tool of documentation which is capable to represent architecture as it really is or it is a category of purely artistic activity / it is about how photography alters our vision about architecture and constructs new ideas for architectural discourse. By taking Tabanlioglu Architects&#039 / Dogan Media Center building in Ankara as a key study, this thesis aims to focus this alteration and question the potentials of architectural photography.