El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / We analyzed the association between antibiotic resistance and recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) by Escherichia coli. Susceptibility levels to 14 antimicrobial agents and the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were established using MicroScan. Incidences of multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and ESBL-producer isolates as well as rUTIs were estimated. The time to recurrence was established adjusted for number of antibiotic-resistant families and MDR as predictors of interest, respectively. Overall, 8,553 urinary tract infection (UTI) cases related to E. coli, including 963 rITU, were analyzed with levels of resistance >30% in all cases, except for amikacin, nitrofurantoin, and carbapenems. The incidence of rUTI was of 11.3%, being 46.5%, 24.3%, and 42.5% for MDR, XDR, and ESBLs, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that rUTI was associated with age, gender, resistance to specific antimicrobials, MDR, and XDR. The number of antibiotic families tested as resistant, MDR, XDR, gender, and age were associated with time to recurrence when adjusted for number of antibiotic families, and MDR, gender, and age were related when adjusted for MDR. High rates of antibiotic resistance to the usual antibiotics was observed in E. coli causing UTI, with female sex, age, and antibiotic resistance being risk factors for the development of rUTI. / Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica / Revisión por pares

Due to the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, it is now important to begin the search for novel means of defending against such resistant infections. Enterobacteriaceae is a clinically relevant family of bacteria that has shown extensive resistance to many antibiotics, especially after biofilm formation. Inhibitory poly-microbial interactions within this family have been observed. It is known that Citrobacter freundii (CF) growth is significantly inhibited by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) through a secreted protein. In this study, the potential KP bacteriocin was screened for its inhibitory effects on CF at various phases of biofilm development. The suspected KP bacteriocin was also tested for its ability to decrease the dosage of antibiotics necessary to inhibit CF growth. Using spectrophotometric analysis, it was shown that the combined treatment of streptomycin and the KP protein allowed a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration of streptomycin needed from 50 μM to 32 μM. The combined treatment also yielded increased inhibition at the initial attachment phase of CF infection, as well as after biofilm development. The study uses the secreted KP protein to show the use of poly-microbial interactions within clinical applications. Future projects concerning this KP molecule can pursue the use of a C. elegans model to determine its efficacy in vitro.

The purpose of this research was to investigate home intravenous antibiotic therapy (HIVAT) in a multicenter, retrospective study in 1986 and 1987. The stability of reconstituted ceftizoxime and cefonicid in normal saline were evaluated by HPLC to investigate their usability for HIVAT. Using the three HHCPs' records, 457 patients were screened, and 30 patients were randomly selected/HHCP/year using the study's inclusion criteria (n = 180). Outcomes of HIVAT for osteomyelitis patients (n = 90) were compared with that for osteomyelitis inpatients (n = 13) discharged to HHCP1 from the referral hospital. Outcomes were classified as "success", "complication", and "failure". Types and frequency of problems were categorized as problems with antibiotics, and problems with administration procedures. Demographic data were analyzed to test the homogeneity of each group of patients. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple comparisons among proportions. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13110号 / 論医博第2128号 / 新制||医||1022(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 川上 浩司 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group bacteria are Gram-negative, non-motile, anaerobic rods abundant in the subgingival microbiome of human periodontitis patients, and relatively sparse in persons with periodontal health. P. intermedia/nigrescens may be inadequately suppressed in periodontal pockets with conventional mechanical-surgical forms of periodontal therapy. Therefore, short-term systemic antibiotic therapy is often recommended in the treatment of recalcitrant (refractory) severe periodontitis patients where high numbers of P. intermedia/nigrescens persist in the subgingival microbiota. Limited available data suggests that the antibiotic sensitivity profile of periodontal P. intermedia/nigrescens has changed over time among severe periodontitis patients in the United States, with increasing levels of antibiotic resistance reported. These findings have potentially important clinical implications for dental professionals and their severe periodontitis patients which need further confirmation and clarification. To further expand knowledge on this clinically relevant issue, the purpose of the present study was to determine and compare over a 10-year period (2011 versus 2021) the prevalence of in vitro resistance of periodontal P. intermedia/nigrescens to the antibiotics amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, and doxycycline. / Oral Biology