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by Fu Sai-chuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-111). / Acknowledgements / List of Abbreviation / Abstract / Prologue --- p.1 / Chapter / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1 --- Historical background of Ling Zhi (靈芝） --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biological description of Ling Zhi (靈芝） --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chemical composition of Ganoderma lucidum --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- The triterpenoids --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Matrix polysaccharides --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Medicinal properties and biological activities --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Medicinal properties --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Biological activities --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Anti-tumour activity --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Enhancement of protein and nucleic acid synthesis --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2.3 --- Effects on nervous system --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2.4 --- Effects on respiratory system --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2.5 --- Effects on cardiovascular system --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2.6 --- Effects on immune system --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2.7 --- Hepatoprotection and detoxicant actions --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Summary --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- The relationship between antioxidant defense/immune system and disease --- p.15 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cell culture reagents / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Preparation of RPMI-1640 medium --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Preparation of fetal calf serum (FCS) --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Preparation of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Mitogens and test samples --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Trypan blue exclusion test --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Liquid scintillation counting --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Animal care --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fractionation of Ganoderma lucidum extracts --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Carbon tetrachloride (CC14)- induced hepatotoxicity in mice --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Pretreatment scheme and CCl4 treatment --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Preparation of liver homogenates --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Biochemical assays for assessing hepatotoxicity --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Determination of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Determination of tissue glutathione (GSH) content --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Depletion of tissue GSH in liver homogenates by tert- butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.3.4 --- Determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) content --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Preparation of murine hepatocytes --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Liver perfusion --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Isolation of murine hepatocytes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Incubation protocol --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Determination of cellular glutathione by HPLC method --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6 --- Preparation of splenocytes and lymphocytes --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Isolation of murine splenocytes --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Mitogenic assay by measuring 3H-thymidine uptake --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- B cell- and T cell- enrichment in splenocyte preparation --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Isolation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) from cord blood --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7 --- Chromatographic methods --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) with Superose 12 column --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Removal of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with Detoxi Gel --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Desalting by Sephadex G-25 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Determination of FDNB-conjugated GSH and GSSG by HPLC reverse phase chromatography --- p.36 / Chapter 2.8 --- Measurement of in vivo antibody production --- p.39 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Immunization and pretreatment scheme --- p.39 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Direct plaque assay --- p.39 / Chapter 2.9 --- Biochemical analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Determination of protein content --- p.40 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Determination of hexose content --- p.40 / Chapter 2.9.3 --- Determination of uronic acid content --- p.40 / Chapter 2.9.4 --- Determination of sulphate content --- p.41 / Chapter 2.9.5 --- Determination of hexosamine content --- p.42 / Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Ganoderma lucidum --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hepatoprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum fractions aganist CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Hepatoprotection of Ganoderma lucidum fractions --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of Ganoderma lucidum fraction pretreatment on hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level in CCl4-treated mice --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effect of Ganoderma lucidum fraction pretreatment on hepatic glutathione (GSH) level in CCl4-treated mice --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of GL2 on isolated hepatocytes --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Protection against phorone-induced hepatocytotoxicity --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Protection against menadione-induced hepatocytotoxicity --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4 --- Immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum fractions --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Discovery of a mitogenic principle from Ganoderma lucidum fractions --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- B cell-specific mitogenic activity --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Mitogenic activity in Ganoderma lucidum distinguishable from possible LPS contamination --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- The use of polymyxin B sulphate --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- The use of Detoxi Gel --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.3.3 --- The combined use of polymyxin B sulphate and Detoxi Gel --- p.69 / Chapter 3.5 --- Enhancement of humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by the mitogenic GL2 fraction --- p.72 / Chapter 3.6 --- Physical-chemical characterization of GL2 fraction --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Estimation of molecular size by FPLC size exclusion chromatography with Superose 12 column --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Sugar composition of GL2 fraction --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Comparison of elution profiles in Superose12 column with respect to mitogenic activity and sugar composition --- p.80 / Chapter 4. --- Discussions --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1 --- Enhancement of antioxidant status by Ganoderma lucidum fractions --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- The significance of enhancement of GSH status --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3 --- Immunomodulatory actions of Ganoderma lucidum --- p.95 / Conclusions --- p.99 / Appendix --- p.100 / Reference --- p.102

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Introduction: Equine influenza virus, an influenza type A virus, belongs to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. Equine influenza is a major cause of respiratory disease in horses and outbreaks have severe economical repercussions for the horse industry. It is considered to be endemic in Sweden and between 1997 and 2006 there have been around 10 to 40 outbreaks every year. The objective of this study was to do a phylogenetic characterization of equine influenza outbreaks that occurred in Sweden during a twenty year period. Methods: The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene of 14 samples and the complete genome of three samples collected over the span of 20 years were sequenced. The viral RNA were extracted, amplified with OneStep RT-PCR and sequenced. Results & Discussion: The phylogenetic tree and deduced amino acid sequence of HA1 illustrated that different lineages of equine influenza virus has circulated simultaneously in the Swedish horse population. The isolates mainly belonged to pre-divergence-, Eurasian- and American lineages. To characterize equine influenza viruses is important for vaccine strain selection, to fully understand the disease and how the virus evolves.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 136 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-136). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / On t.p. "+" is superscript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-131). Also available in electronic version.

by Li Ho Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-245). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.iii / ABSTRACT --- p.viii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Effector Cells Mediating Anti-Tumour Immunity --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Natural Killer Cells --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Macrophages --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Current Modalities for Cancer Treatment --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Surgery --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Radiation Therapy --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Chemotherapy --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Biologic Therapy --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- Biological Response Modifiers as Cancer Therapeutics --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Monoclonal Antibodies --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Differentiating Agents --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Cytokines --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Bioactive Plant Polysaccharides --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5 --- Bacterial Polysaccharides as Potential Immunomodulators and Anti-Tumour Agents --- p.36 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- General Properties of Bacterial Polysaccharides --- p.36 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Structure and Function of Bacterial Polysaccharides --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Immunomodulatory and Anti-Tumour Activities of Bacterial Polysaccharides --- p.39 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- General Properties of Klebsiella K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.41 / Chapter 1.6 --- Aims and Scopes of the Investigation --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animals --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype7 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Agar Medium for Cultivation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype7 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cell Lines --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- "Buffers, Culture Medium and Other Reagents" --- p.49 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Antibodies --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Radioisotopes --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- Recombinant Cytokines --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.9 --- Oligonucleotide Primers and Internal Probes --- p.56 / Chapter 2.1.10 --- Reagents and Solutions for Gene Expression Analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Klebsiella K7 Capsular Antigen" --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Extraction and Purification of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Gel Filtration of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Characterization of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Determination of the Bio-Toxicity of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- In Vitro Cytotoxicity of K7 Capsular Antigen on Splenocytes --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Assay for the Hematopoietic and Mitogenic Activities of Klebsiella K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Isolation and Preparation of Cells --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- In Vitro Lymphocyte Transformation Assay --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- In Vitro Assay of Thymocyte Proliferation --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Depleting Mouse T Cells by Anti-Thy-1.2 Antibody Plus Complement Treatment --- p.71 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Depleting Mouse B Cells by Anti-mouse B Cell Antibody Plus Complement Treatment --- p.71 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Depleting Macrophages from Spleen Cell Suspension --- p.71 / Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Different Cell Populations from Splenocytes --- p.72 / Chapter 2.2.2.8 --- In Vitro Assay of rmIL-3-Stimulated Proliferation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2.2.9 --- In Vitro Cytotoxicity of K7 Capsular Antigen on Bone Marrow Cells --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2.2.10 --- Colony Assay of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2.2.11 --- Assay of Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.74 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assay for Macrophage Activating Activities of Klebsiella K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Preparation of Murine Peritoneal Exudate Cells (PEC) --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Assay of Phagocytic Activity of Peritoneal Macrophages --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- In Vitro Macrophage-Mediated Cytostatic Activity --- p.76 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Nitric Oxide (NO) Production of Peritoneal Macrophages --- p.76 / Chapter 2.2.3.5 --- In Vivo Migration of Macrophages --- p.77 / Chapter 2.2.3.6 --- Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) Production by Peritoneal Macrophages --- p.77 / Chapter 2.2.3.7 --- TNF Bioassay --- p.78 / Chapter 2.2.3.8 --- Gene Expression Analysis in Peritoneal Macrophages --- p.78 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.1 --- Preparation of Cell Lysate --- p.78 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.2 --- RNA Isolation --- p.79 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.3 --- Reverse Transcription of RNA --- p.80 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.4 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) --- p.80 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.5 --- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis --- p.82 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.6 --- 3' End Labelling of Oligonucleotide Probes --- p.82 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.7 --- Dot Blot Hybridization --- p.83 / Chapter 2.2.3.8.8 --- DIG Chemiluminescent Detection --- p.83 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Assay for Anti-Tumour Activities of Klebsiella K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.85 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Assay of Tumour Cell Proliferation --- p.85 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Assay of Anti-Tumour Activity In Vivo --- p.85 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Assay of Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell Activity --- p.85 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Assay of Natural Killer Cell Activity --- p.87 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Assay for Differentiation-Associated Characteristics of Myeloid Leukemia Cells --- p.88 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.1 --- Determination of the Viability of Myeloid Leukemia JCS cells --- p.88 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.2 --- Assessment of Cell Morphology --- p.88 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.3 --- Surface Antigen Immunophenotyping --- p.88 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.4 --- Assay of Non-specific Esterase Activity --- p.89 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.5 --- Assay of Phagocytosis --- p.90 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.90 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- "EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION & CHARACTERIZATION OF KLEBSIELLA K7 CAPSULAR ANTIGEN" --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.92 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Extraction and Purification of K7 Capsular Antigen from Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype7 --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Gel Filtration Chromatography of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Characterization of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.97 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Determination of Bio-toxicity and Cellular Toxicity of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.101 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- HEMATOPOIETIC AND MITOGENIC ACTIVITIES OF KLEBSIELLA K7 CAPSULAR ANTIGEN --- p.103 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Proliferation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on rmIL-3-Stimulated Proliferation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Murine Bone Marrow Colony Formation --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Viability of Splenocytes In Vitro --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- In Vitro Mitogenic Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on Splenocytes and Thymocytes --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Characterization of the Lymphocyte Population(s) Responding to K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.121 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Effect of Polymyxin B Sulphate on the Mitogenic Activity of K7Capsular Antigen --- p.125 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- In Vivo Mitogenic Activity of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.125 / Chapter 4.2.10 --- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Splenocytes from K7 Capsular Antigen-Treated Mice --- p.128 / Chapter 4.2.11 --- In Vitro Co-mitogenic Activity of K7 Capsular Antigen --- p.128 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.132 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- ACTIVATION OF MACROPHAGES BY KLEBSIELLA K7CAPSULAR ANTIGEN --- p.136 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.137 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.140 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages In Vitro --- p.140 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vivo Migration of Macrophages --- p.140 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Cytostatic Activity of Picolinic Acid (PLA)-Activated Macrophages --- p.144 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on Nitric Oxide (NO) Production by Macrophages In Vitro --- p.144 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Production of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) by Macrophages --- p.148 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Induction of Gene Expression in Macrophages --- p.148 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.166 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- ANTI-TUMOUR ACTIVITIES OF KLEBSIELLA K7 CAPSULAR ANTIGEN --- p.171 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.172 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.174 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen In Vitro Growth of Various Tumour Cell Lines --- p.174 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the In Vitro Growth of EAT Cells --- p.174 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Activation of LAK cells --- p.185 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Activation of NK Cells --- p.185 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Induction of Monocytic Differentiation of the Murine Myeloid Leukemia JCS Cells --- p.185 / Chapter 6.2.5.1 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Induction of Morphological Changes of JCS Cells --- p.188 / Chapter 6.2.5.2 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Expression of Macrophage Differentiation Antigen on Leukemia JCS Cells --- p.192 / Chapter 6.2.5.3 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Induction of Non-specific Esterase Activity in Leukemia JCS Cells --- p.192 / Chapter 6.2.5.4 --- Effect of K7 Capsular Antigen on the Stimulation of Phagocytic Activity in Leukemia JCS Cells --- p.192 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.198 / Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.202 / REFERENCES --- p.213

by Chen Paul. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-150). / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Immunomodulation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Effector cells mediating anti-tumour immunity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Macrophages --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Natural Killer Cells --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cytokines as immunomodulators in cancer therapy --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Interleukin-1 (IL-1) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Granulocytes/Macrophages Colony-Stimulating Factors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Polysaccharides as potential immunostimulating agents --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- General properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae --- p.12 / Chapter 2. --- AIM AND SCOPE OF THIS DISSERTATION --- p.16 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Animals --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Klebsiella pneumoniae K24 --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Cell lines --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- "Buffer, Culture media and Chemicals" --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Extraction and Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae K24 Capsular Polysaccharide (K24 CPS) --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Assays of Immunomodulatory Activities of K24 CPS on Lymphocytes --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Assays of Immunomodulatory Effect of K24 CPS on Macrophages --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Assays of Anti-Tumour Activities of K24 CPS --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Assays of the Effects of K24 CPS on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow Cells --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Assays of the Immunorestorative Activities of K24 CPS --- p.56 / Chapter 4. --- EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE K24 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE (K24 CPS) --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Preparation of Klebsiella pneumoniae K24 CPS Capsular Polysaccharide (K24 CPS) --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Acetic Acid Treatment of K24 CPS --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- Gel Filtration --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- Carbohydrate and Protein contents of K24 CPS --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5 --- Cytotoxicity Assay using Artemia franciscana (Brine Shrimp) --- p.61 / Chapter 5. --- IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF K24 CPS --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Effect of K24 CPS in vitro Mitogenic Assay of K24 CPS using Murine Splenocytes --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2 --- The in vivo Mitogenic Effect of K24 CPS on Murine Splenic Lymphocytes --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Effect of K24 CPS on the Production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-like substance by Murine Splenocytes --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the in vitro Stimulation of Murine Macrophage Nitric Oxide (NO) Production --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the in vitro Stimulation of Macrophage Interleukin-1-like Production --- p.77 / Chapter 5.6 --- The effect of K24 CPS on in vivo Migration of Macrophage --- p.82 / Chapter 5.7 --- The effect of K24 CPS in vitro Stimulation of Macrophage Tumour Necrosis Factor- a (TNF-a) Production --- p.82 / Chapter 6. --- IN VITRO ANTI-TUMOUR EFFECT OF K24 CPS --- p.89 / Chapter 6.1 --- The in vitro Cytostatic effect of K24 CPS on the Suppression of EAT growth --- p.89 / Chapter 6.2 --- The effect of K24 CPS on cell cycle of EAT cells --- p.89 / Chapter 6.3 --- Study of the cytostatic effect of K24 CPS on EAT cells using Western Analysis --- p.93 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Pattern of Phosphotyrosine Proteins --- p.93 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Pattern of Phosphoserine Proteins --- p.96 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Pattern of Phosphothreonine Proteins --- p.96 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Level of c-fos --- p.99 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- Level of c-jun --- p.99 / Chapter 6.3.6 --- Level of c-myc --- p.102 / Chapter 7. --- THE IN VIVO ANTI-TUMOUR ACTIVITIES OF K24 CPS --- p.103 / Chapter 7.1 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the In vivo Suppression of EAT growth --- p.103 / Chapter 7.2 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the survival of EAT-bearing mice --- p.103 / Chapter 7.3 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the in vivo induction of Natural Killer (NK) Cell Cytotoxicity --- p.111 / Chapter 7.4 --- The effect of K24 CPS in vitro induction of Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) Cell Cytotoxicity --- p.111 / Chapter 7.5 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the in vivo Induction of Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) Cell Cytotoxicity --- p.114 / Chapter 7.6 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the endogenous production of TNF-α --- p.114 / Chapter 7.7 --- The effect of K24 CPS on the endogenous TNF-α production and EAT growthin vivo --- p.117 / Chapter 8. --- THE IMMUNORESTORATIVE ACTIVITIES OF K24 CPS --- p.122 / Chapter 8.1 --- The in vivo Immunorestorative Activities of K24 CPS in EAT-bearing Mice --- p.122 / Chapter 8.2 --- The in vitro Immunorestorative Activities of K24 CPS in Mice bearing 10-day-old- EAT --- p.122 / Chapter 9. --- THE EFFECT OF K24 CPS IN VITRO INDUCTION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION --- p.126 / Chapter 9.1 --- The effect of K24 CPS in vitro induction of Murine Bone Marrow Cells Proliferation --- p.126 / Chapter 9.2 --- The effect of K24 CPS in vitro induction of Murine Bone Marrow Cells Differentiation --- p.126 / Chapter 10. --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.135 / Chapter 11. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.141