The parallel development of archaeology and Quaternary geology in several regions of the world is reviewed, and common problems in dating and correlating alluvial sequences are discussed. Buried archaeological remains and radiometric dates provide a chronological framework for the sequence of Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in the central Jordan Rift. While previous studies emphasized a simple, two-stage model of Late Quaternary alluvial deposition, regional comparisons of the geomorphological contexts of archaeological sites of different ages indicate complex, multiple depositional and erosional cycles. These cycles were influenced by tectonism, climatic changes, human land use, and natural geomorphic thresholds, sometimes in combination. The stratigraphy and chronology of early agricultural settlements in the valley are summarized, and investigations at a protohistoric agricultural town are described. Major regional shifts in prehistoric and protohistoric patterns of agriculture and settlement are interpreted in terms of the impacts of changes in alluvial regimes. These correlations have implications for models of agricultural origins, and the stability and resilience of sedentary settlements in dry lands.

This thesis will explore the significance of a cache of Late Archaic lithics found in Randolph County, Indiana by Bobby Manning. These points, thought to mostly be of the McWhinney Heavy Stemmed type are unique in that very few caches of these points have found been in such good condition in unmixed contexts. The McWhinney Heavy Stemmed point, as currently defined, is not well represented in the archaeological record. Point typology is important to archaeology because point types indicate the age and cultural affiliation of most surface sites. Point typologies, then, require accurate description of good samples from unmixed contexts. By presenting background data concerning the McWhinney Heavy Stemmed point and known morphological correlates this thesis aims to provide a better description of the point type. Also this data, coupled with the data from the Manning cache is used to produce results that determine the significance of the cache and determine if this isolated cache reflects a new variant in the McWhinney type or, if justified, a new type altogether. / Department of Anthropology

Les archives documentaires du dentiste luxembourgeois Dr. Ernest Schneider (1885-<p>1954) constituent la base du présent travail. Ce fonds a été abordé par les sciences historiques<p>et sociales dans la première et par la discipline de l'archéologie rupestre dans<p>la seconde partie. Ces archives sont uniques au Grand-Duché dans le sens qu'il s'agit du<p>seul fonds archéologique contenant des documents épistolaires et iconographiques au lieu<p>d'artéfacts provenant de prospections. Dans un premier temps, le fonds épistolaires a été<p>abordé par une analyse de réseaux. Cette approche a permis de déterminer qu'il s'agit<p>d'un registre de contacts constitué par Schneider plutôt que d'un réseau au sens propre.<p>Schneider ne montre en effet aucune volonté à soigner ses contacts établis. Les réseaux de<p>ses alteri forment finalement la source d'informations la plus importante de Schneider :<p>ses contacts entament des recherches par eux-mêmes et dans leurs cercles de connaissances<p>afin de trouver des réponses aux requêtes du dentiste.<p>La seconde partie est consacré au travail archéologique effectué par Schneider de 1927<p>à 1954. Plus précisément les résultats publiés par Schneider en 1939 dans la monographie<p>Material zu einer archäologischen Felskunde des Luxemburger Landes sont revus et mis<p>à jour. Dans cette partie, le contenu des archives épistolaires est utilisé afin de suivre le<p>raisonnement scientifique de Schneider et afin de déterminer quelles hypothèses de quels<p>contacts sont intégrées par Schneider dans la monographie. L'influence des correspondants,<p>surtout des préhistoriens, est clairement déterminée dans cette partie, car Schneider attribue<p>la totalité des gravures aux temps pré- et protohistoriques. Lui-même qualifie son<p>travail de synthèse de la Pré- et Protohistoire du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Cette<p>hypothèse de datation est réfutée dans le présent travail. En effet, tenant compte du support<p>et de la nature des tracés gravés, les gravures figuratives ne datent pas d'au-delà de<p>l'époque médiévale tardive. La majorité des gravures ont très probablement été réalisées<p>entre le 19e et le 21e siècle, surtout lors des deux guerres mondiales lorsque les soldats<p>ennemis et alliés étaient stationnés dans les contrées de la région du Grès de Luxembourg. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis examines prehistoric land use patterns of the entire North Santiam subbasin, located on the western slopes of the Oregon Cascade Range. The objective of this analysis is three-fold: 1) to contribute to reconstructing the cultural chronology of the area; 2) to address the use of raw material by local hunter-gatherers and how raw material can be used to reconstruct the seasonal procurement ranges for these groups; and 3) to model the adaptive strategies of the prehistoric inhabitants of the North Santiam subbasin. The adaptive strategies of hunter-gatherer groups in the North Santiam subbasin are addressed by using the known ethnographic record, limited archaeological excavations, and the environmental and social data layers in Geographic Information Systems. ArcView Spatial Analyst was used to analyze the density and distribution of prehistoric sites and their association with major vegetation, huckleberry patches, non-forested communities, slope, aspect, streams, lithic sources, hot springs and trails within the subbasin. Five elevation zones are outlined corresponding to the site density pattern and the key predictive environmental and social variables. This study assumed that sites are not randomly distributed across the landscape; instead hunter-gatherer groups chose a particular location based on the natural environment. It is also assumed that many of the environmental variables have survived to modern time and are represented by the presently available data. Concurrent trace element analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and obsidian hydration analysis conducted on projectile points recovered from the surface and subsurface have provided evidence for early occupation in the subbasin; and revealed patterns in mobility, social interaction, and the use of raw material during the Archaic. The key predictive variables sustained a diversity of plant and animal resources that attracted human groups from both east and west of the Cascade Mountains over the past 10,000 years to seasonally hunt and procure a variety of important plant resources. The results of this study while descriptive in nature elucidates a pattern of land-use by hunter-gatherers, by providing key distributional data on prehistoric sites and their association to particular ecological zones within the North Santiam subbasin during the Archaic Period. / Graduation date: 2002