Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Muhammad sat shivering as he told his wife about the revelation he had received. It was his habit to retreat to the Cave of Hira where he would meditate for days. It was on one of such meditations that the angel Gabriel came to him with Divine Revelation. This was the beginning of many more revelations which would make up the Holy Quran in its entirety. This was the birth of Islam, a religion, a way of life. After years of rejection and persecution in Mecca, God instructed Muhammed (PBUH) and his followers to migrate to Medina. It was in Medina that it was decided to build a place of prayer, and so began the "architecture" of the world's first mosque.

This research stems from reports of the interaction between the growing informal communities such as Makoko, the coastal plains of the degenerating Lagos contexts and their limited access to central infrastructure. The effects of climate change on the low-lying coastal plains further exacerbate the degeneration experienced in these contexts. Therefore this research examines how people live independently of central infrastructure in informal contexts such as Makoko and whether this autonomy can be embedded into interventions that are integrated within the socio-economic networks of these contexts in a bid to shift from defective central infrastructures to social infrastructures that transform the blighted Lagos contexts in a manner that builds resilience at a local level. By using Makoko as a site for exploration and communicating with the locals of the context, Lagos professionals and non-governmental organizations, it emerged that there is currently an unhealthy relationship between the state, its local governments and its informal communities such as Makoko, in that the city of Lagos is managed principally from the office of the governor. This central management results in infrastructures that are implemented without critical acknowledgement of the problems faced by individuals who live in the many informal contexts of Lagos thereby resulting in little or no observable transformation in its (Lagos) degenerating contexts. It was also observed that Makoko has a unique urbanity of soft infrastructures that lend themselves to different scales of functions in the context and diverge from the typical hard infrastructures employed by the Lagos state government. The observations and findings point to the fact that the relationship between the state and its people must be strengthened for delivered infrastructures to be of any consequence in realizing any positive social change and transform Lagos and settlements like Makoko from their states of human and environmental degeneration by acknowledging that these contexts have unique problems and urbanisms that must be fused into any interventions within their precincts in a sustainable, ecological and economical way. This move will go a long way in transforming and legitimizing Lagos's degenerating contexts as important facets of the city.

Thèse--Université de Paris. / "Bibliographie": p. 309-316.

Thesis (M.U.R.P.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Architecture, 1980.

Thèse--Université de Paris. / "Bibliographie": p. 309-316.

Thesis (M.L.)(Prof.)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

<p> The Rue R&eacute;aumur, cleared and constructed between 1896 and 1900, was the first major urbanism project initiated in central Paris after the dismissal of Haussmann. Realized under the Third Republic and under the guidance of a democratically elected Paris Municipal Council, the street provoked an unprecedented public debate about urbanist priorities, the management of municipal debt, and architectural aesthetics. Disappointed with the visual homogeneity of the Haussmannian boulevard, Councilors liberalized building code and declared a Concours des Fa&ccedil;ades in the Rue R&eacute;aumur in order to visually revitalize their city.</p><p> That variation of the streetscape would turn on a monumentalization of the urban party-wall building through enlarged <i>saillies</i> and <i> avant-propos</i>, corbelled fa&ccedil;ade elements hitherto banned in the streets of Paris. Conceived as a central business district, the Rue R&eacute;aumur was also a unique concentration of commercial architecture, which encouraged an expanded use of iron structure to open building interiors and fa&ccedil;ades into naturally illuminated, floor-through spaces of manufacture. Construction in the Rue R&eacute;aumur was, then, guided by contradictory impulses. Charged with psychically countering the uniformity of the rationalized city, the exuberant elevations of the new street simultaneously masked a reordering of the architectural object by similar pressures towards economic and technological efficiency. </p><p> This dissertation treats the architecture of the Rue R&eacute;aumur and the public debate that shaped it as mutually determining engagements of architectural modernity. It situates the street's evolution as a response to the political, economic, spatial, and psychic challenges posed by the emerging capitalist metropolis. Reconstruction of the architectural and social discourses that informed design practice in the Rue R&eacute;aumur positions late-century eclecticism as an indispensable step in the development of interwar Parisian modernism. That architecture served as the primary object of rejection within modernist historiography and avant-garde theory due to its reliance on historical vocabularies. This study demonstrates that the perceptual immediacy desired of the late-century Parisian fa&ccedil;ade was of equal importance to the development of architectural modernism as theories of structural rationalism. It considers eclecticist architecture like that of the Rue R&eacute;aumur as a moment of dynamic invention within nineteenth-century theory and design practice, the terms of which would integrally condition Le Corbusier's reconception of architecture and architectural aesthetics a generation later.</p><p>

<p> A growing number of Community Artists are doing work with potential relevance to the field of historic preservation. They have seen a need for action in low-income communities and communities of color that are losing their historic, physical, and social character through dilapidation, redevelopment, and displacement. These artists have found nontraditional ways to bolster communities while preserving neighborhood buildings, histories, and social structures. This thesis analyzes three community art case studies as a means to evaluate changes proposed to our current preservation system by leaders in historic preservation concerned with issues of equity and social justice. This study finds that these projects offer many useful examples for preservationists interested in better serving underrepresented communities through the field of historic preservation.</p><p>