Electronic Support (ES) operations concern themselves with the ability to search for, intercept, track and classify threat emitters. Modern radar systems in turn aim to operate undetected by intercept receivers. These radar systems maintain Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) by utilizing low power emissions, coded waveforms, wideband operation, narrow beamwidths and evasive scan patterns without compromising accuracy and resolution. The term LPI refers to the small chance or likelihood of intercept actually occurring. The complexity and degrees of freedom available to modern radar place a high demand on ES systems to provide detailed and accurate real-time information. Intercept alone is not sufficient and this study focusses on the detection, feature extraction (parameter estimation) and classification (using Fuzzy ARTMAP), of the Pilot Mk3 LPI radar. Fuzzy ARTMAP is a cognitive neural method combining fuzzy logic and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) to create categories of class prototypes to be classified. Fuzzy ARTMAP systems are formed by self-organizing neural architectures that are able to rapidly learn and classify both discreet and continuous input patterns. To evaluate the suitability of a given ES intercept receiver against a particular LPI radar, the LPI performance factor is defined by combining the radar range, intercept receiver range and sensitivity equations. The radar wants to force an opposing intercept receiver into its range envelope. On the contrary, the intercept receiver would ideally want to operate outside the specified radar detection range to avoid being detected by the radar. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector developed for this study is capable of detecting the Pilot Mk3 radar, as it allows sufficient integration gain for detection beyond the radar maximum range. The accuracy of parameter estimation in an intercept receiver is of great importance, as it has a direct impact on the accuracy of the classification stage. Among the various potentially useful radar parameters, antenna rotation rate, transmit frequency, frequency sweep and sweep repetition frequency were used to classify the Pilot Mk3 radar. Estimation of these parameters resulted in very clear clustering of parameter data that distinguish the Pilot Mk3 radar. The estimated radar signal parameters are well separated to the point that there is no overlap of features. If the detector is able to detect an intercepted signal it will be able to make accurate estimates of these parameters. The Fuzzy ARTMAP classifier is capable of classifying the radar modes of the Pilot Mk3 LPI radar. Correct Classification Decisions (CCD) of 100% are easily achieved for a variety of classifier configurations. Classifier training is quite efficient as good generalisation between input and output spaces is achieved from a training dataset comprising only 5% of the total dataset. If any radar is LPI, there must be a consideration for the radar as well as the opposing intercept receiver. Calculating the LPI performance factor is a useful tool for such an evaluation. The claim that a particular radar is LPI against any intercept receiver is too broad to be insightful. This also holds for an intercept receiver claiming to have 100% Probability of Intercept (POI) against any radar. AFRIKAANS : Elektroniese ondersteuningsoperasies het ten doel om uitsendings van bedreigings te soek, te onderskep, te volg en ook te klassifiseer. Moderne radarstelsels probeer op hulle beurt om hul eie werk te verrig sonder om onderskep te word. Hierdie tipe radarstelsels handhaaf ’n Lae Waarskynlikheid van Onderskepping (LWO) d.m.v. lae senderdrywing, geënkodeerde golfvorms, wyebandfrekwensiegebruik, noue antennabundels en vermydende antennasoekpatrone. Hierdie eienskappe veroorsaak dat ’n LWO radar nie akkuraatheid en resolusie prysgee nie. Die term LWO verwys na die skrale kans of waarskynlikheid van onderskepping deur ’n ontvanger wat die radar se gedrag probeer naspeur. Die komplekse seinomgewing en vele grade van vryheid beskikbaar vir ’n LWO-radar, stel baie hoë eise aan onderskeppingsontvangers om gedetaileerde en akkurate inligting in reële tyd te lewer. Die ondersoek van LWO-radaronderskepping op sy eie is nie voldoende nie. Hierdie studie beskou die deteksie, parameter-estimasie asook klassifikasie (m.b.v. Fuzzy ARTMAP) van die Pilot Mk3 LWO-radar as ’n probleem in die geheel. Fuzzy ARTMAP is ’n kognitiewe neurale metode wat fuzzy-logika en Aanspasbare Resonante Teorie (ART) kombineer om kategorieë of klassifikasieprototipes te vorm en hulle te klassifiseer. Fuzzy ARTMAP stelsels bestaan uit selfvormende neurale komponente wat diskrete asook kontinue insette vinnig kan leer en klassifiseer. Om die geskiktheid van enige onderskeppingsontvanger te bepaal word ’n LWO-werkverrigtingsyfer gedefinieer. Hierdie werkverrigtingsyfer kombineer beide radar- en onderskeppings ontvanger vergelykings vir operasionele reikafstand en sensitiwiteit. Die radar beoog om die onderskeppingsontvanger tot binne sy eie reikafstand in te forseer om die ontvangerplatform op te spoor. Die onderskeppingsontvanger wil daarenteen op ’n veilige afstand (verder as die radarbereik) bly, en nogsteeds die radar se uitsendings onderskep. ’n Maksimale Waarskynlikheid (MW) detektor is ontwikkel wat die Pilot Mk3- radargolfvorms kan opspoor, met voldoende integrasie-aanwins vir betroubare deteksie en wat veel verder strek as die radarreikafstand. Akkurate radarparameterestimasie is ’n baie belangrike funksie in ’n onderskeppingsontvanger aangesien dit ’n direkte implikasie het vir die akkuraatheid van die klassifikasiefunksie. Vanuit ’n wye verskeidenheid van relevante radar parameters word estimasies van antennadraaitempo, senderfrekwensie, frekwensieveegbandwydte en veegherhalingstempo gebruik om die Pilot Mk3-radar te klassifiseer. Die estimasie van hierdie parameters is duidelik gegroepeer met geen oorvleuling om moontlike verwarring te voorkom. Indien die detektor deteksies verklaar, volg die estimasiefunksie met baie akkurate waardes van radarparameters. Die Fuzzy ARTMAP-klassifiseerder wat ontwikkel is vir hierdie studie beskik oor die vermoë om die Pilot Mk3 LWO-radar te klassifiseer. Korrekte Klassifikasiebesluite (KKB) van 100% is moontlik vir ’n verskeidenheid klassifiseerderverstellings. Die klassifiseerder behaal ’n goeie veralgemening van in- en uitset ruimtes, en die leer- (of oefen-) roetines is baie effektief met so min as 5% van die volle datastel. Enige radarstelsel wat roem op LWO moet sowel die radar as ’n moontlike onderskeppingsontvanger in gelyke maat beskou. Die LWO- werkverrigtingsyfer verskaf ’n handige maatstaf vir sulke evaluasies. Om bloot te eis dat ’n radar LWO-eienskappe teenoor enige onderskeppingsontvanger het, is te algemeen en nie insiggewend nie. Dieselfde geld vir ’n onderskeppingsontvanger wat 100% (of totale) onderskepping kan verrig teenoor enige radar. Copyright / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

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Submitted by JACQUELINE SANTOS CHAVES null (jac_sc@yahoo.com) on 2016-08-19T20:04:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacqueline S. Chaves.pdf: 1795331 bytes, checksum: 9c7a177018aa3a98f7cb4a90da94c904 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-23T19:46:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_js_me_ilha.pdf: 1795331 bytes, checksum: 9c7a177018aa3a98f7cb4a90da94c904 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T19:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_js_me_ilha.pdf: 1795331 bytes, checksum: 9c7a177018aa3a98f7cb4a90da94c904 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As técnicas para o monitoramento de falhas em estruturas têm se tornado cada vez mais importantes principalmente por seus benefícios quanto à maior segurança de vida e por auxiliarem as empresas responsáveis em construir edifícios, pontes e estruturas em geral a diminuírem seus custos com a manutenção das mesmas. Deste modo, a fim de desenvolver uma forma eficiente para a identificação e caracterização de falhas estruturais, esta dissertação tem por objetivo demonstrar uma aplicação de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) como uma técnica de monitoramento da integridade estrutural (SHM) para tal problema. Através de um modelo matemático de equações diferenciais ordinárias para a representação de uma estrutura predial, será desenvolvida uma RNA ARTMAP Fuzzy por ser uma rede flexível e estável em relação à sua habilidade em se adaptar às mudanças imprevistas do ambiente externo, para identificar tais falhas. / The techniques for failures monitoring in mechanical engineering structures have become increasingly important especially for its benefits as the largest life-security and assist the responsible companies for build buildings, bridges and structures in general to lower their costs to maintenance of them. Thus, in order to develop an efficient way for the identification and characterization of structural failures, this work aims to demonstrate an application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a monitoring technique of structural health monitoring (SHM) for this problem. Through a dynamic model for the representation of a building structure, Fuzzy ARTMAP ANN will be developed to be a flexible and stable network with respect to its ability to adapt to unexpected changes in the external environment to identify such failures.

Orientador: Fábio Roberto Chavarette / Resumo: As técnicas para o monitoramento de falhas em estruturas têm se tornado cada vez mais importantes principalmente por seus benefícios quanto à maior segurança de vida e por auxiliarem as empresas responsáveis em construir edifícios, pontes e estruturas em geral a diminuírem seus custos com a manutenção das mesmas. Deste modo, a fim de desenvolver uma forma eficiente para a identificação e caracterização de falhas estruturais, esta dissertação tem por objetivo demonstrar uma aplicação de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) como uma técnica de monitoramento da integridade estrutural (SHM) para tal problema. Através de um modelo matemático de equações diferenciais ordinárias para a representação de uma estrutura predial, será desenvolvida uma RNA ARTMAP Fuzzy por ser uma rede flexível e estável em relação à sua habilidade em se adaptar às mudanças imprevistas do ambiente externo, para identificar tais falhas. / Abstract: The techniques for failures monitoring in mechanical engineering structures have become increasingly important especially for its benefits as the largest life-security and assist the responsible companies for build buildings, bridges and structures in general to lower their costs to maintenance of them. Thus, in order to develop an efficient way for the identification and characterization of structural failures, this work aims to demonstrate an application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a monitoring technique of structural health monitoring (SHM) for this problem. Through a dynamic model for the representation of a building structure, Fuzzy ARTMAP ANN will be developed to be a flexible and stable network with respect to its ability to adapt to unexpected changes in the external environment to identify such failures. / Mestre

Abstract One of the major problems in computational biology is the inability of existing classification models to incorporate expanding and new domain knowledge. This problem of static classification models is addressed in this thesis by the introduction of incremental learning for problems in bioinformatics. The tools which have been developed are applied to the problem of classifying proteins into a number of primary and putative families. The importance of this type of classification is of particular relevance due to its role in drug discovery programs and the benefit it lends to this process in terms of cost and time saving. As a secondary problem, multi–class classification is also addressed. The standard approach to protein family classification is based on the creation of committees of binary classifiers. This one-vs-all approach is not ideal, and the classification systems presented here consists of classifiers that are able to do all-vs-all classification. Two incremental learning techniques are presented. The first is a novel algorithm based on the fuzzy ARTMAP classifier and an evolutionary strategy. The second technique applies the incremental learning algorithm Learn++. The two systems are tested using three datasets: data from the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database, G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR) database and Enzymes from the Protein Data Bank. The results show that both techniques are comparable with each other, giving classification abilities which are comparable to that of the single batch trained classifiers, with the added ability of incremental learning. Both the techniques are shown to be useful to the problem of protein family classification, but these techniques are applicable to problems outside this area, with applications in proteomics including the predictions of functions, secondary and tertiary structures, and applications in genomics such as promoter and splice site predictions and classification of gene microarrays.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreno_al_dr_ilha.pdf: 923809 bytes, checksum: e8a55f496e6bf5bfbe0531f9211526e5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa visa o desenvolvimento de um método para análise da estabilidade transitória de sistemas de energia eletrica multimaquinas, por meio de uma rede neural ART-ARTMAP Fuzzy Euclidiana Modificada com Treinamento Continuado. Esta arquitetura apresenta tres diferenciais em e relação a outras já utilizadas para abordar tal problema: (1) a rede iniciada com apenas um neuronio ativado e vai se expandindo durante todo o o treinamento/análise, (2) possui um módulo de treinamento continuado e (3) a o possui um módulo de deteção de intruso. No primeiro diferencial, a redeé iniciada com um neuronio e vai se expandindo de acordo com a aquisição de conhecimento, isto faz com que esta se torne muito mais rápida e que o gasto computacional se torne mínimo. Com o módulo de treinamento continuado, a rede neural consegue armazenar novos dados sem a necessidade de realizar o retreinamento. Já o módulo de detecção de intruso faz com que, ao ser apresentada a rede uma configuração estranha, a rede execute um treinamento específico para que esta configuração, com um número mínimo de entradas, seja incorporada definitivamente à rede neural. A aplicação para a rede proposta nesta pesquisa, foi a análise de estabilidade transitória, considerando-se o modelo clássico (estabilidade de primeira oscilação), para um sistema composto por 10 máquinas síncronas, 45 barras e 73 linhas de transmissão / This doctoral research aims to develop a method to analyze the transient stability of multimachine eletric power systems, through a neural network Modified Euclidean Fuzzy ART-ARTMAP with Continuous Training. The architecture presented has three differences in relation to others used to deal with this problem: (1) the network starts with only one neuron activated and expands throughout the training/analysis, (2) has a continuous training module and (3) has an intrusion detection module. The first difference, is the fact that it starts with a neuron and expands according to knowledge acquisition of the network, and causes it to become much faster and the computational expenses becomes minimum. With continuous training mod- ule, the neural network can store the new data without the need for the retraining. The intrusion detection module causes, when presented to the network a strange configuration, the network to carry out a specific training for this configuration with a minimum total of inputs so that the configu- ration is definitely incorporated to the neural network. The application for this network, in this research, was to analyze the transient stability consid- ering the classical model (stability of first oscillation) to a system composed of 10 synchronous machines, 45 buses and 73 transmission lines

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArakenMS_da_capa_ate_pag_66.pdf: 612002 bytes, checksum: 77ee53e5ec8496b7cf1c4503e222c41d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 / RePART (Reward/Punishment ART) is a neural model that constitutes a variation of the Fuzzy Artmap model. This network was proposed in order to minimize the inherent problems in the Artmap-based model, such as the proliferation of categories and misclassification. RePART makes use of additional mechanisms, such as an instance counting parameter, a reward/punishment process and a variable vigilance parameter. The instance counting parameter, for instance, aims to minimize the misclassification problem, which is a consequence of the sensitivity to the noises, frequently presents in Artmap-based models. On the other hand, the use of the variable vigilance parameter tries to smoouth out the category proliferation problem, which is inherent of Artmap-based models, decreasing the complexity of the net. RePART was originally proposed in order to minimize the aforementioned problems and it was shown to have better performance (higer accuracy and lower complexity) than Artmap-based models. This work proposes an investigation of the performance of the RePART model in classifier ensembles. Different sizes, learning strategies and structures will be used in this investigation. As a result of this investigation, it is aimed to define the main advantages and drawbacks of this model, when used as a component in classifier ensembles. This can provide a broader foundation for the use of RePART in other pattern recognition applications / O RePART (Reward/Punishiment ART), modelo neural que se constitui numa varia??o do modelo Fuzzy Artmap, foi proposto objetivando minimizar problemas inerentes aos modelos da classe Artmap, tais como: prolifera??o de categorias e m? classifica??o. Por essa raz?o, o RePART faz uso de mecanismos adicionais, como: um par?metro contador de inst?ncia, um processo de recompensa/puni??o e um par?metro de vigil?ncia vari?vel. O par?metro contador de inst?ncia busca minimizar o problema de m? classifica??o, resultante da sensibilidade ? ru?dos, freq?entemente presente nos modelos da classe Artmap. O uso da vigil?ncia vari?vel tem como objetivo minimizar o problema de prolifera??o de categorias, diminuindo a complexidade da rede, quando utilizado em aplica??es com um grande n?mero de padr?es de treinamento. A proposta do RePART visou a minimiza??o desses problemas e foi mostrado que o RePART obteve desempenho superior que alguns modelos da classe Artmap. Neste trabalho ? proposta a realiza??o de uma investiga??o do desempenho do modelo RePART em comit?s de classificadores. Nesta investiga??o ser? realizada uma an?lise com comit?s utilizando diferentes tamanhos, estrat?gias de aprendizados e estruturas. Os resultados obtidos com esta investiga??o servir?o como meio de descoberta das vantagens e desvantagens de cada um dos modelos abordados em comit?s. Com isso, poder? ser dado um embasamento ainda mais amplo ? utiliza??o do RePART em outras aplica??es de reconhecimento de padr?es

Classification of terrain cover from satellite radar imagery represents an area of considerable current interest and research. Most satellite sensors used for land applications are of the imaging type. They record data in a variety of spectral channels and at a variety of ground resolutions. Spectral pattern recognition refers to classification procedures utilizing pixel-by-pixel spectral information as the basis for automated land cover classification. A number of methods have been developed in the past to classify pixels [resolution cells] from multispectral imagery to a priori given land cover categories. Their ability to provide land cover information with high classification accuracies is significant for work where accurate and reliable thematic information is needed. The current trend towards the use of more spectral bands on satellite instruments, such as visible and infrared imaging spectrometers, and finer pixel and grey level resolutions will offer more precise possibilities for accurate identification. But as the complexity of the data grows, so too does the need for more powerful tools to analyse them. It is the major objective of this study to analyse the capabilities and applicability of the neural pattern recognition system, called fuzzy ARTMAP, to generate high quality classifications of urban land cover using remotely sensed images. Fuzzy ARTMAP synthesizes fuzzy logic and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) by exploiting the formal similarity between the computations of fuzzy subsethood and the dynamics of category choice, search and learning. The paper describes design features, system dynamics and simulation algorithms of this learning system, which is trained and tested for classification (8 a priori given classes) of a multispectral image of a Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper scene (270 x 360 pixels) from the City of Vienna on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Fuzzy ARTMAP performance is compared with that of an error-based learning system based upon the multi-layer perceptron, and the Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier as conventional statistical benchmark on the same database. Both neural classifiers outperform the conventional classifier in terms of classification accuracy. Fuzzy ARTMAP leads to out-of-sample classification accuracies, very close to maximum performance, while the multi-layer perceptron - like the conventional classifier - shows difficulties to distinguish between some land use categories. (authors' abstract) / Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience

En los últimos años las lenguas electrónicas se han convertido en una excelente alternativa a los métodos tradicionales de análisis para el control de los procesos y productos, entre otros, en el ámbito agroalimentario. Se trata de sistemas que, mediante técnicas electroquímicas, como la potenciometría o la voltametría combinadas con herramientas de análisis multivariante, son capaces de clasificar muestras y cuantificar sus parámetros fisicoquímicos. Su funcionamiento se basa en la utilización de sensores de sensibilidad cruzada, lo que permite medir muestras en las que existan interferencias entre los distintos compuestos que la integran. En la actualidad la mayoría de los métodos empleados para la determinación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas son destructivos. El diseño de sistemas de medida no destructivos es un reto. Pero además de preservar la integridad de las muestras analizadas, las nuevas técnicas analíticas deben tener un bajo coste y un funcionamiento sencillo, no dependiente de mano de obra cualificada. Para el análisis de los datos se suele utilizar técnicas de reconocimiento de patrones no supervisadas, como es el Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). Pero en muchas ocasiones, es conveniente realizar análisis supervi-sado, donde, las categorías de las muestras están predefinidas y la finalidad es comprobar si es posible conseguir un sistema que sea capaz de clasificar adecuadamente muestras nuevas que entra en el sistema de medida. Uno de los métodos más utilizados para realizar una clasificación de la muestras con técnicas supervisadas son las redes neuronales artificiales (RNA). Existen diversos tipos de redes neuronales, una de las más conocidas y utilizadas es la denominada Perceptrón multicapa. El entrenamiento de esta red consiste en fijar los pesos de cada una de las neuronas. Este tipo de red neuronal, ha comprobado su utilidad en múltiples aplicaciones con lenguas electrónicas, pero también ha demostrado sus limitaciones, que vienen d / Garrigues Baixauli, J. (2013). Implementación de algoritmos de redes neuronales artificiales de tipo Fuzzy Artmap y Multilayer Feed Fordward con dispositivos electrónicos programables en sistemas de lenguas electrónicas para la clasificación de muestras y determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/30219 / Palancia

Orientador: Anna Diva Plasencia Lotufo / Resumo: A maior inserção de tecnologias da informação nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica vem permitindo que maiores volumes de dados de consumo sejam capturados em níveis cada vez mais detalhados, menos agregados e com maiores resoluções. Com a evolução dos mercados de energia elétrica, esses tipos de dados alcançam maior importância, uma vez que a comercialização de energia também passa a considerar estes níveis de consumo. Diversas técnicas têm sido aplicadas para previsão de cargas elétricas, como modelos estatísticos, de inteligência computacional e híbridos. Na literatura especializada é possível encontrar trabalhos que aplicam a rede neural artificial ARTMAP Fuzzy para tarefas de previsão de cargas elétricas, no entanto, a técnica ainda é pouco explorada em cenários de consumo menos agregados, e com maiores níveis de detalhe. Neste trabalho a rede ARTMAP Fuzzy é aplicada em tarefas de previsão multi-step de cargas elétricas reais com distintos níveis de agregação. Considerando o impacto do ruído sobre os previsores, sobretudo na capacidade de generalização das redes neurais artificiais, a técnica singular spectrum analysis é aplicada na tarefa de remoção de ruído. Os resultados de previsão permitiram analisar desempenho da rede ARTMAP Fuzzy, que foi comparada com outros dois previsores utilizados como benchmark, a saber, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average e a rede neural multiLayer perceptron. A remoção de ruído permitiu melhora nos níveis de generaliz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increased insertion of information technologies in electricity distribution networks has allowed larger volumes of consumption data to be captured at increasingly detailed, less aggregated and higher resolution levels. With the evolution of electric energy markets, these types of data become more important, since the commercialization of energy also begins to consider these levels of consumption. Several techniques have been applied to predict electrical loads, such as statistical, computational intelligence and hybrids models. In the specialized literature it is possible to find works that apply the artificial neural network ARTMAP Fuzzy for tasks of prediction of electric charges, however, the technique is still little explored in less aggregated consumption scenarios, and with greater levels of detail. In this work the ARTMAP Fuzzy network is applied in multi-step forecasting tasks of real electric loads with different levels of aggregation. Considering the impact of noise on predictors, especially in the generalization capacity of artificial neural networks, the singular spectrum analysis technique is applied in the noise removal task. The prediction results allowed to analyze the performance of the ARTMAP Fuzzy network, which was compared with other two predictors used as benchmark, namely seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average and the multiLayer perceptron neural network. The noise removal allowed an improvement in the levels of network generalization, po... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor