Distinguishing between different ways of thinking about antisemitism, this study concentrates on those theories that understand antisemitism as a uniquely modern phenomenon. Covering the period from the mid-19th century to the present day, it first examines the work of Marx and Nietzsche and then moves on to those theorists who wrote in the immediate aftermath of the holocaust and concludes with the postmodern writings of Bauman and Lyotard. It argues that these critical theories of antisemitism all relate the emergence of antisemitism to modern forms of political emancipation and questions the impact of the holocaust upon this body of thought. The study argues that the fluidity and open-endedness by which the early writers characterise modernity - most notably the ambivalence within modernity itself between the possibility of full emancipation and barbarity - comes to be replaced by an increasing pessimism that sees antisemitism as modernity's only possible outcome. It argues that this change is accompanied first by increasing the centrality of antisemitism to modernity, and also by defining more rigidly the concepts by which antisemitism is explained, most noticeably, the concept of "the Jews". This study argues that as a result of these interrelated developments, critical theories replicate many of the assumptions of the antisemitic worldview identified in the early works. By calling for a cautious and critical return to these earlier ways of explaining antisemitism, the study concludes by pointing to an approach that remains within the tradition of critical theory, but which re-establishes the critical distance between ways of accounting for antisemitism and the phenomenon itself - one in which the "Jewish question" is de-centred, the explanatory concepts reopened to question and the promise of emancipation reinvigorated.

This thesis is a regional case study on the metamorphosis of state institutions at a time when China went through an important period of political division. This period was known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-979), which followed the downfall of the Tang Empire (618-907). At this time, the Kingdom of Shu, which was located approximately in the present-day province of Sichuan in Southwest China, was in the process of forming an independent political entity successively governed by two different regimes. In search of a better understanding of the evolution of this kingdom, I am analyzing the process by which a change of regime ushered in new elites to state control, which affected not only the state structure, but also the nature of the interactions between society and various levels of political power. / Ce mémoire ce veut être une étude de cas régional sur la métamorphose des institutions étatiques à une époque où la Chine traverse une importante période de division politique. Il s'agit de la période qui suit la chute de l'empire Tang (618-907), laquelle est connue sous le nom de Cinq dynasties et Dix royaumes (907-979). À cette époque, le Royaume de Shu, lequel correspondait à l'actuelle province du Sichuan dans le Sud-ouest de la Chine, formait alors une entité politique indépendante successivement gouvernée par deux régimes différents. En quête d'une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution de ce royaume, j'y analyse le processus par lequel un changement de régime amène de nouvelles élites au contrôle de l'État, ce qui non seulement affecte la structure de l'État, mais également la nature des interactions entre la société et les divers échelons du pouvoir politique.

This thesis examines images of martial women as they were produced in the biography column of the late Qing journal Nüzi shijie (NZSJ; 1904-1907). By examining the historiographic implications of revised women's biographies, I will show the extent to which martial women were written as ideal citizens at the dawn of the twentieth-century. In the first chapter I place NZSJ in its historical context by examining the journal's goals as seen in two editorials from the inaugural issue. The second and third chapters focus on biographies of individual women warriors which will be read against their original stories in verse and prose. Through these comparisons, I aim to demonstrate how these "transgressive women" were written as normative ideals of martial citizens that would appeal to men and women alike. / Cette thèse examine les images de femmes martiales reproduites dans la rubrique biographique du journal Nüzi shijie (NZSJ; 1904-1907) publiée à la fin de la dynastie Qing. En examinant les implications historiographiques des biographies révisées des femmes, j'essai de démontrer l'importance de la façon dont les femmes martiales étaient décrites come citoyennes idéales à l'aube du vingtième siècle. A travers une exploration des objectifs posés par le journal et mis en évidence dans deux éditoriaux extraits du premier numéro du journal, mon premier chapitre essaie de placer le NZSJ dans sa propre contexte historique. Le deuxième et le troisième chapitres se concentrent sur les biographies individuelles des femmes guerrières, lesquelles sont juxtaposés aux histories originales écrites sous forme de vers et prose. A travers ces juxtapositions, mon projet démontre la façon dont ces "femmes transgressives" illustraient l'idéal normatif du citoyen martiale, lequel attirait les hommes ainsi que les femmes.

This thesis is a study of the Laozi zhongjing, an early medieval Chinese text, preserved in the Daoist Canon (Daozang) in two versions. In the first chapter, I compare the extant versions, inquiring into the relationship between them, and then establish the interval for the text's possible dates of composition. In the second chapter, I argue that the text was deliberately written as an esoteric scripture and analyze the techniques which the text uses to create an atmosphere of secrecy; I then suggest that the best way to approach an esoteric scripture consists in scrutinizing the text in order to unravel its understanding of the categories which underlie its lifeworld. The third chapter is an investigation of the practices described in the Laozi zhongjing; I aim to demonstrate that their main goal, immortality, is consistent with the text's cosmological model and is achieved via nurturing the Red Child, a numen residing within one's body that is associated with one's self. / Cette thèse est une étude du Laozi zhongjing, un texte chinois datant du début du Moyen Âge, préservé dans le Canon taoïste en deux versions. Dans le premier chapitre je compare les versions existantes et examine la relation entre les deux; ensuite j'établis un intervalle approximatif de la date de composition de ce texte. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je soutiens que le texte a été délibérément conçu comme une écriture ésotérique et j'analyse les techniques utilisées dans le texte afin de créer une atmosphère secrète; ensuite je propose que la meilleure façon d'approcher une écriture ésotérique est d'examiner minutieusement le texte afin de discerner sa compréhension des principales catégories de son monde vécu. Le troisième chapitre est une investigation des pratiques décrites par le Laozi zhongjing; mon but est de démontrer que leur l'objectif principal, l'immortalité, est en accord avec le model cosmologique de ce texte, et qu'il est atteint en entretenant l'Enfant rouge, un numen qui réside à l'intérieur du corps et qui est associé avec le soi humain.

Yukata, a casual form of kimono, has undergone transformation in terms of both its associated meanings and its material forms in the post-WWII period in Japan. During this period, it changed from attire for private use to dress for events in public and became connected with various ideological notions. Tracing changes in the scale of the yukata industry in the postwar period, this thesis examines transitions in consumption patterns of yukata as a case study and compares it with observations on Japanese consumption culture by other scholars in the context of other commodities. In illustrating the transformation of yukata, I focus on its changing relations with everyday life, with discourses, and with other commodities. From these perspectives I attempt to describe how a commodity is consumed in relation with other social factors and how the consumption affects the commodity, in terms of both its meanings and its forms. / Durant la période suivant la Deuxième guerre mondiale, le yukata japonais, une forme de kimono porté dans un contexte informel, a subit des transformations à la fois en terme des significations qui lui sont associées, et dans ses formes matérielles. Il passe en effet d'un vêtement principalement porté à la maison à une tenue de sortie en public, et en est venu à être relié à une variété de notions idéologiques. Traçant les changements dans la dimension de l'industrie du yukata dans la période d'après-guerre, ce mémoire prend comme étude de cas les changements des tendances dans la consommation du yukata, et les compare avec les observations de différents auteurs sur la culture de consommation japonaise dans le contexte d'autres marchandises. En dépeignant la transformation du yukata, je mets l'emphase sur les changements survenus dans sa relation à la vie de tous les jours, aux discours qui l'entourent et à d'autres marchandises. À partir de ces perspectives, je tente de décrire comment une marchandise est consommé en relation avec d'autres facteurs sociaux et comment la consommation affecte la signification et la forme des marchandises.

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This thesis provides a translation and transliteration of a late Meiji period martial arts text, Moral Instruction in Budo (1912), together with a study of its author, Chiba Chosaku (1861-1935). The aim is to contextualize Chiba's thinking in the framework of historical events and ideological currents of his time, in order to facilitate better understanding of his contribution. Chiba argued that martial arts practice (budo) is the way to maintain and transmit martial religious ethics (bushido) in the modern condition of Westernized Japan. The importance of Chiba's study lies in his claim that bushido is not a legacy of the medieval samurai class, but a due faith based on loyalty to the Emperor and patriotism toward the Japanese nation, which provides the foundation for budo practice. Chiba submits that the implementation of budo instruction at the level of national education would prevent the slackening of morals and contribute to strengthening of the Japanese national character and military institution. Chiba's career and writings demonstrate that the militarist slant in the budo ideology of Japan did not occur in the 1930s, as is generally accepted, but began at least two decades earlier. As the earliest example of a narrative that blends budo and bushido ideologies, Moral Instruction in Budō remains a crucial text for understanding the historical impact of martial arts in Japan. / Cette thèse offre une traduction et une translittération d'un texte datant de la fin de l'ère Meiji sur les arts martiaux, Moral Instruction in Budo (1912), ainsi qu'une étude sur l'auteur, Chiba Chosaku (1861-1935). L'objectif visé consiste à conceptualiser la pensée de Chiba dans la perspective des événements historiques et des courants idéologiques de son époque, en vue de faciliter une meilleure compréhension de sa véritable contribution. Chiba défendait l'idée que la pratique des arts martiaux (budo) soit la manière de maintenir et de transmettre l'éthique religieuse martiale (bushido) dans la condition moderne du Japon occidentalisé. L'oeuvre de Chiba prend toute son importance lorsqu'il affirme que le bushido ne découle pas d'un héritage issu de la classe des samouraïs médiévaux, mais plutôt d'une foi récompense basée sur la loyauté en l'Empereur et sur le patriotisme envers la nation japonaise, laquelle fournit les fondements de la pratique du budo. Chiba soumet l'idée que la mise en application de l'enseignement du budo au niveau de l'éducation nationale préviendrait contre le relâchement de la morale et contribuerait au renforcement du caractère national japonais et de l'institution militaire. La carrière et les écrits de Chiba démontrent que la tendance militariste de l'idéologie budo n'a pas fait son apparition dans les années 1930, comme il est généralement accepté, mais qu'elle a débuté au moins deux décennies plus tôt. Comme il s'agit du tout premier exemple d'une narration fusionnant les idéologies budo et bushido, Moral Instruction in Budo ne laisse pas d'être un texte crucial dans la compréhension de l'impact historique des arts martiaux au Japon.

The mechanism of the intraseasonal oscillation in the South Asian summer monsoon region (ISO) is examined with a zonally averaged, atmospheric model (2D model), a three dimensional, atmospheric intermediate model (3D model). In both models an ocean mixed layer model is added to examine the influence of air-sea interactions on the characteristics of the ISO. Without the ocean mixed layer, an interaction between the baroclinic and barotropic modes of atmosphere can produce the ISO in both 2D and 3D models. The propagation of precipitation is caused by the phase relationship between convection and the barotropic divergence in the atmosphere. Most importantly, in the northern hemisphere, the vertical advection of July-mean easterly wind shear in regions of convection induces barotropic divergence (convergence) to the north (south) of convection. The resulting moisture convergence in the boundary layer induces the northward propagation of precipitation. The initiation of convection is also produced by the barotropic divergence in the atmosphere. Especially, the strong July-mean vertical motion at IDS causes convergence in the boundary layer between IDS and the equator. The baroclinic mode, on the other hand, acts to enhance existing convection. The differences between the ISO simulated by the 2D model and 3D models are caused by the zonal variation of winds, and atmospheric waves in the 3D model. The zonal divergence of barotropic winds enhances the westward propagation of convection along 18N, and the barotropic mode of zonal advection drives the continuous northward movement of convection across the equator. The continuous northward propagation across the equator is also enhanced by the atmospheric waves, since the Rossby wave response to the heating source in both hemispheres creates a divergence in the baroclinic mode near the equator. The inclusion of air-sea interactions in the 2D and 3D models improves the continuity in the northward propagation of convection. The meridional variation of SST enhances the boundary layer moisture convergence in front of the convection, thereby facilitating the northward propagation of convection. In addition, the SST gradient induced by the dipole type of Rossby-wave-like convection in the Indian ocean may increase the development of convection near the equator. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xxii, 240 leaves ill. 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-171). / vii, 170 leaves, bound 29 cm

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 403-411. / xvi, 411 leaves ill