Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T13:21:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RebecaJFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1231711 bytes, checksum: 845448c874cc7680ba5ba551b9029235 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T13:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RebecaJFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1231711 bytes, checksum: 845448c874cc7680ba5ba551b9029235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is the most important viral disease among horses. It is an endemic disease in populations of Equidae throughout the world. All equids are considered to be susceptible although most of the published work are focused in horses, with a lack of information on EIA in donkeys. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil thousands of donkeys live free, establishing a problem for the control of diseases like the EIA, since they may play a role as reservoirs. In this work, blood samples taken from 409 animals (asinine and equine) were submitted to IDGA, ELISA pgp45 and nested-PCR tests, using gag and LTR gene as molecular markers. Four samples (0.98%) were positive in at least one serological test, and of these, three (0.73%) were positive to nested-PCR. We did not get enough material for sequencing of LTR samples from asinine, then only the amplified referring to the positive equine sample was sequenced. The alignment (BLAST) allowed the identification of the sequence as EIAV with 95% of similarity with european strains. Three product from nested-PCR products for the gag gene were sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. The result of this analysis suggested that the samples obtained from the horse had the same origin as strains from North America, and that the sequences from donkey samples had no homology with any other already published available EIAV sequence. In the light of the results from this work, additional studies are required. So we could confirm that we found a new strain of EIAV or endogenous retrovirus that are capable of expressing genes that are homologous to EIAV or even a new species of lentivirus Although the presented data are incomplete, they reveal an interesting scenario for the study of EIAV infection in equids ther than the horses / A anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) é a doença infecciosa de etiologia viral mais importante entre os equinos. É uma doença endêmica em populações de equídeos por todo o mundo. Considera-se que todos os equídeos são susceptíveis embora os trabalhos publicados se concentrem em equinos, sendo escassas as informações sobre AIE em asininos. No Rio Grande do Norte (RN) milhares de asininos vivem livres, constituindo um problema para o controle de enfermidades como a AIE, pois podem ser prováveis reservatórios e fontes de transmissão delas. Neste trabalho, amostras de 409 animais (asininos e equinos) foram submetidas aos testes de IDGA, ELISA pgp45 e nested-PCR, utilizando iniciadores para o gene gag e LTR. Quatro amostras (0,98%) foram positivas em pelo menos um teste sorológico, e dessas, três amostras (0,73%) foram positivas na nested-PCR. Não obtivemos material suficiente para sequenciamento das amostras de LTR dos asininos sendo sequenciado apenas o amplificado de LTR referente à amostra do equino positivo. O alinhamento (BLAST) permitiu a identificação da sequência como vírus da AIE (EIAV) com 95% de similaridade de nucleotídeos com estirpes europeias. Os três produtos obtidos da nested-PCR para o gene gag foram sequenciados e submetidos à análise filogenética. O resultado da análise sugeriu que a sequência obtida do cavalo confirmaram a identificação como EIAV, com a mesma origem de isolados da América do Norte, e que as sequencias de asininos não possuem identidade com nenhuma outra deo EIAV até o momento publicada. Desta forma, estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar se, com estes resultados, foram identificados um lentivirus ainda não descrito que infecta Equus asinus (e qual papel ele teria para outros equídeos) ou se trata de retrovírus endógenos que expressa proteínas usadas como marcadores de diagnóstico da AIE. Embora os dados apresentados sejam incipientes, revelam um cenário interessante para o estudo das lentiviroses em asininos / 2017-06-29

BRITO, Jéssica de Carvalho. Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas das fezes de equídeos alimentados com feno de tifton. 2016. 39 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Aline Mendes (alinemendes.ufc@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T21:09:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-01-16T21:14:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T21:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The horses and donkeys are different species of horses that have physiological characteristics that need to be understood for better accomplishment of food management and food nutrients utilization Thus, the objective was to compare and evaluate the voluntary food intake and the implications on the physico-chemical characteristics of the stool, production of short chain fatty acids and apparent digestibility of a diet consisting of hay Tifton 85 in equine and asinine species. Twenty animals were used, ten quarter mile race horses and ten Pêga breed asses, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments of ten repetitions, being the animal the experimental unit. It is considered as treatments the two species analyzed. The animals were fed with Tifton 85 hay (85.72% DM, 12.88% CP, 73.74% NDF, 32.59% ADF and 2.25 Mcal GE/kg) at will, and it was evaluated the ability of voluntary intake. After six days of adaptation to experimental conditions, it was carried out four days of total stool collection. During the collection period, at 6h feces were collected for measurement of pH and buffering capacity (BC) as well as the color evaluation and stool consistency. During the collection period, the feces were homogenized for removal of a sample for the analyzes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy (GE). Digestibility coefficients were calculated for DM, CP, NDF, ADF and GE. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the digestibility trial, at 0, 3 and 6 h after feeding for analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which were also analyzed in the stool. Donkeys showed consumption of 1.12 kg DM/BW statistically smaller (P <0.05) than equine (1.60 DM/BW). It was observed higher digestibility coefficients (P <0.05) to asses for DM (61.60%), CP (67,18%) NDF (54,17) and the ADF (50,00). There was no statistical difference for pH, color and consistency of stools among the species studied receiving diet composed only with bulky. The BC of donkeys was more efficient for BC6 (9.12 mmol/L) and BC5 (22.62 mmol/L) than horses (6.07 and 14.38 mmol/L, respectively). It was observed that donkeys produce more acetic acid (33.81 mmol/L) with a unique fodder diet, but they exhibit lower levels of this SCFA in the blood (1.00 mmol/L) compared to the horses (1.27 mmol/L), which shows less absorption of acetate in the cecum-colic region. The asses have consumption capacity of hay Tifton85 less than equine, but shows higher digestibility of nutrients and increased buffering capacity of short-chain fatty acids formed during fermentation. / Os equinos e asininos são espécies diferentes de equídeos que possuem particularidades fisiológicas que precisam ser entendidas para melhor realização do manejo alimentar e aproveitamento dos nutrientes dos alimentos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se comparar e avaliar o consumo voluntário de alimento e as implicações sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes, produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e digestibilidade aparente de uma dieta composta por feno de Tifton 85 nas espécies equina e asinina. Foram utilizados 20 animais adultos, sendo dez equinos da raça quarto de milha e dez jumentas da raça Pêga, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 2 tratamentos de 10 repetições, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Considerou-se como tratamentos as duas espécies analisadas. Os animais foram alimentados com feno de Tifton 85 (85,72 %MS; 12,88 %PB; 73,74 %FDN; 32,59 %FDA e 2,25 Mcal EB/kg) à vontade, e avaliada a capacidade de consumo voluntário. Após seis dias de adaptação às condições experimentais, foram realizados quatro dias de coleta total de fezes. Durante o período de coleta, às 6h foram recolhidas as fezes para medição do pH e capacidade tamponante (CT), bem como a avaliação de cor e consistência das fezes. Durante o período de coleta, as fezes foram homogeneizadas para retirada de uma amostra composta para a realização das análises de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e energia bruta (EB). Foram calculados os coeficientes de digestibilidade para MS, PB, FDN, FDA e EB. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no último dia do ensaio de digestibilidade, às 0, 3 e 6h após a alimentação para análises de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) que também foram analisados nas fezes. Asininos apresentaram consumo de 1,12 Kg MS/PV menor ao dos equinos (1,60 Kg MS/PV). Observou-se maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade (P<0,05) na espécie asinina para MS (61,60%), PB (67,18%), FDN (54,17) e FDA (50,00). Não houve diferença estatística para os valores de pH, cor e consistência das fezes entre as espécies estudadas recebendo dieta composta somente com volumoso. A CT dos asininos mostrou-se mais eficiência para CT6 (9,12 mmol/L) e CT5 (22,62 mmol/L) que os equinos (6,07 e 14,38mmol/L, respectivamente). Observou-se que os asininos produzem mais ácido acético (33,81 mmol/L) com uma dieta exclusiva de forragem, mas apresentam menores níveis desse AGCC no sangue (1,00 mmol/L) em comparação aos equinos (1,27 mmol/L), o que demonstra menor absorção na região ceco- cólica de acetato. A espécie Asinina possui capacidade de consumo de feno de Tifton85 menor que a equina, mas demonstra maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e maior capacidade tamponante dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta formados na fermentação.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Donkeys have been useful helpers to people especially at transporting burdens and in agriculture for thousands of years. Nowadays they make livelihoods of rural as well as urban inhabitants over all continents easier. The use of donkeys in agriculture and transport is vanishing in developing countries due to the mechanization. We know only little about how and why people keep breeding of donkeys in developing countries. Theoretical part of the thesis tries to summarize previous basic knowledge about breeding and using donkeys. It focuses on domestication of donkeys, their use in history in different parts of the world, current position of donkeys and partly on relations between men and animals from the view of Human-Animal Studies. A research in a part of Polabí lowland is added. The main practical aim of the thesis is to take a look at the phenomenon of breeding donkeys in the Czech Republic in the present and bring any findings about why do people breed donkeys in modern times in this developing country. Research finds how are donkeys bred, what reasons lead breeders to get donkeys and what their real use is. The thesis contributes to popularization of this theme among experts and laymen and suggests methodology for research of breeding donkeys in other areas as well.