Lu Lan. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The present study investigated the impact of language use on self-perceived personality and personality as perceived by others in the bilingual Chinese-English context. We used a repeated-measures design and collected data at three time points from written measures and experimental settings, to examine whether bilinguals (n = 76) exhibit different patterns of personality characteristics, each associated with one of the two languages and interlocutor ethnicity, and to delineate such discrepancies using behavioral observations in addition to self-reports. By analyzing ratings by targets, interlocutors, and observers, our findings confirmed perception effects, language effects, and ethnicity effects on various personality dimensions, such as extraversion, openness to experience and assertiveness. We suggest that using a second language accesses the perceived cultural norms in which it is applied, especially the prototypic personality profiles in that culture, thus activating behavioral expressions of personality that are appropriate in the corresponding linguistic-social context. / Chen , Xiaohua Sylvia. / "July 2007." / Adviser: Michael Harris Bond. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-01, Section: B, page: 0728. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-70). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

The ensuing thesis is the result of an in-depth interrogation of the following research question: What are the school experiences of LGB,T youth? Despite much research on homophobic bullying in school, little is known about how power intersects and prolongs a bullying event after the initial victimization is over. This study sheds a light on this issue, examining how LGB,T youth understand bullying, their capacity within individual events, while uncovering how power shapes a bullying incident. The first part of the thesis forms the central argument demonstrating key principles underpinning challenges sexual minority youth face while at school. Interrogating political and neoliberal influences, this thesis introduces young people’s stories through multiple lenses. This thesis uncovers schools ineffectual use of inclusion policy revealing policy and practice are failing young people. Furthermore, LGB,T young people’s human rights are also largely overlooked in policy practice. Not treated as having the same rights as other students interferes with their education, and therefore, their human rights. The first two chapters are grounded in present literature as demonstrated in chapter three, which is followed by methodologies in chapter four, rounding out the first section. Chapters five through seven establish the second part of this thesis. Here the reader is introduced to young people’s accounts unpacking bullying incidents. Introducing critical incidents revealed through narrative inquiry, leads to an interrogation of bullying and how power punctuates, intersecting a single event. While chapter eight concludes this thesis. Up to thirty young people participated in sessions, ranging in ages from sixteen to nineteen. Eighteen filled out a questionnaire, while surveys ranged from eight to seventeen participants. Eighteen participated with the one-to-one interview lasting from 30 to 60 minutes. Interviews revealed all young people had experienced bullying at school while several were severely physically bullied and harmed. Girls reported experiencing and identifying bullying differently than boys, while boys reported struggling with homophobic bullying representing their lost male privilege suggesting girls and boys experienced, perceived and defined bullying and power differently. Results revealed not everything defined as bullying, is understood as such. Additionally, power exerted onto the victim during a bullying incident came from multiple sources. First, it came rom the initial attacker then moved to the teacher attempting to resolve the incident, and then to the administration. How they interrogated bullying informed and prolonged a bullying incident long after the initial event ceased. This thesis will reveal how bullying is understood and addressed in schools is ineffective due to its universal ideology considering all experience as the same, and is faulty.

In this study, the biocatalytic production of methacrylic acid (MAA), a commodity chemical with a large global market, was investigated. The target was to develop MAA formation via enzymatic decarboxylation of itaconic, mesaconic, citraconic and citramalic acid. Several candidate enzymes were tested, but none catalysed the target reactions. Therefore, a novel high throughput screening method for decarboxylases was developed to enable protein engineering. The screening assay detected gaseous CO2 with a pH-dependent colorimetric reaction, in a 96-well format. Focused mutagenesis was then performed on the mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylases (MVD) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and from Picrophilus torridus. However, MAA formation was not observed, even after screening over 3800 variants. Further investigation was then performed on some of the candidates to understand why MAA was not formed and to develop alternative strategies for enzyme selection. P. torridus MVD was discovered to belong to a new class of enzymes, mevalonate-3-kinase, and to be part of a novel archaeal mevalonate pathway. The enzyme also catalysed the formation of isobutene from 3-hydroxyisovalerate with unprecedented production rates. S. cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger phenylacrylic acid decarboxylases, previously believed to be cofactor-free enzymes, were proposed to require divalent metals and a novel organic cofactor. The enzymatic mechanism of Pseudomonas fluorescens α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde (ACMS) decarboxylase was investigated. Through inhibition studies, it was demonstrated that the aldehyde and amino moieties of ACMS could be directly involved in catalysis, in contrast to the previously reported mechanism. This information partially explains why some of these candidates could not catalyse the target reaction, and provides insights into their potential future use for the bioproduction of MAA. Although this route does not seem feasible at present, this study gives foundation and guidance for future investigations.

This thesis focuses on the various manifestations of queerness in video games, and investigates how video games' queer potential connects and clashes with LGBTQ politics, as well as with gaming culture and hegemonic masculinity. Through the lens of queer theory, I adopt two main angles of approach. Firstly, I concentrate on video game characters and study them as vessels of queer politics. Focusing on two game characters, and their reception within gaming communities, I explore the limits and potentials of the queer politics in video games. As such, despite the prevalence of heteronormative values in video game narratives, I argue that some game characters embody unexpected vessels of queer hope. Expanding upon this argument, this thesis moves away from queer characters and interrogates the inherent queerness of games themselves. In doing so, I delve into multiple choice dialogue systems and forms of ‘aimless' game exploration, and argue that games can enfold the player in a queer, timeless bubble where alternative possibilities loom on the horizon. As such, I argue that the player escapes from normative time structures and freely articulates game time and space. In this way, these sequences occur in a queer temporality which runs counter to core game mechanics, such as achievements and rewards. Extending this queering of game, I finally argue that particular counternormative gaming practices, such as intentionally losing, celebrate the failure of heteromasculinity both inside and outside gaming culture. In this way, and throughout this thesis, I argue that video games operate as a multidimensional medium, providing various instances where queerness manifests itself. While I demonstrate that some of these instances can be found in other popular media such as cinema and literature, I argue that video game queerness also takes unique shapes that are exclusive to the medium. As such, I suggest that video games, as a polysemic medium, gleam with queer potentiality, and are pioneers in revealing new queer embodiments.

非洲爪蛙(Xenopus laevis)和熱帶爪蛙(Xenopus tropicalis)是經典的模式動物，廣泛應用於胚胎學，發育生物學和人類疾病模型研究領域。然而，由於缺乏有效地同源重組技術和胚胎幹細胞誘導技術，在上述兩種模式動物中很難通過定點突變研究特定基因的功能。這些技術瓶頸制約其在遺傳學研究方面的應用。近來，通過鋅指核酸酶(ZFNs)和類轉錄激活因子效應物核酸酶(TALENs)介導的特異性基因突變技術成功地應用於各種模式動物模型，包括：線蟲、斑馬魚和大鼠。鋅指核酸酶和TALENs核酸酶都是由可編碼設計的DNA結合功能域和非特異性FokI核酸酶的功能域組成的人工構建DNA核酸酶。結合到相鄰DNA位點的鋅指核酸酶或TALENs核酸酶的單體通過FokI功能域結合形成二聚體，從而啟動其核酸酶活性，在預設靶點產生DNA雙鏈斷裂 (double-strand breaks)。通常，非同源末端連接(NHEJ)在修復DNA雙鏈斷裂過程中會導致缺失或者插入突變(indel)。在此研究中，我們在世界上首次利用TALENs核酸酶在爪蛙胚胎中高效誘導產生體細胞突變。我們優化了Golden Gate TALENs核酸酶的拼接方法，使其便於體外RNA轉錄和顯微注射到爪蛙胚胎中。我們還利用基於聚合酶鏈式反應(PCR)的檢測方法，用於檢測基因突變效率。我們設計八對TALENs核酸酶，它們分別靶向識別爪蛙中八個基因。試驗結果表明它們全部都能夠在爪蛙胚胎中誘導基因突變，突變率最高達百分之九十五點七(95.7%)。我們進一步證明，TALENs核酸酶誘導產生的突變可以通過生殖細胞高效地傳遞給F1代的爪蛙。不僅如此，我們還嘗試運用最新的RNA介導的基因組編輯方法(CRISPR)在小鼠誘導多功能幹細胞(iPSCs)模型中研究基因修正。初步結果顯示, 我們設計的TALENs核酸酶和CRISPR可以在小鼠誘導多功能幹細胞中有效地產生基因突變。 / 綜上所述，我們在世界上首次在爪蛙中報導了運用TALENs核酸酶進行反向遺傳學研究。利用TALENs核酸酶誘導突變的方法簡單但高效。我們的實驗結果表明TALENs核酸酶是一種在爪蛙中進行基因編輯或者基因敲除的有效工具。 / Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis are classical and powerful animal models widely used in the study of embryonic development and human disease modeling. However, due to the lack of methodologies for homologous recombination and embryonic stem cell derivation, it is difficult to perform specific gene targeting inthese two models, which has impeded their use in genetic studies for decades. Recently, site-specific gene targeting by using either zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) or transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) has been successfully applied in various animal models including C. elegans, zebrafish, and rat. Both ZFNs and TALENs are engineered DNA nucleases that consist of a custom-designed DNA-binding domain and a nonspecific nuclease domain derived from FokI endonuclease. Binding of adjacent ZFNs or TALENs allows dimerization of the endonuclease domains, leading to double-strand breaks at the predetermined site. These double-strand DNA breaks are frequently repaired through non-omologous end joining (NHEJ), resulting in deletion or insertion (indel) mutations. Here we reported that TALENs can induce somatic mutations in Xenopus embryos with reliably high efficiency and that such mutations are heritable through germline transmission. We modified the Golden Gate method for TALEN assembly to make the product suitable for in vitro RNA transcription and microinjection into Xenopus embryos, and designed a reliable PCR-based assay for the evaluation of gene disruption efficiency. Totally, eight pairs of TALENs were constructed to target eight different Xenopus genes, and all resulted in indel mutations with high efficiencies of up to 95.7% at the targeted loci according to our PCR-based assay. Furthermore, mutations induced by TALENs were highly efficiently passed through the germline to F1 frogs. Moreover, we tried to employ newly published RNA-mediated genome editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR), to study gene correction in mice induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) model. Our preliminary data showed that TALENs and CRISPR we constructed can efficiently introduce mutations at predetermined sites in mice iPSCs. / So far, our result is the first report to perform specific reverse genetic via TALENs in Xenopus. Together with simple and reliable approaches for detecting TALEN-induced mutations, our results indicate that TALENs are an effective tool for targeted gene editing/knockout in Xenopus. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lei, Yong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-171). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.I / Acknowledgements --- p.V / Statement --- p.VI / Abbreviation --- p.VII / Contents --- p.IX / Chapter 1. --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction of reverse genetics --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Introduction of Xenopus tropicalis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Xenopus tropicalis as an animal model for reverse genetics --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6 --- Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) --- p.40 / Chapter 2. --- Objective --- p.52 / Chapter 3. --- Methods and Materials --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Reagents --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Vectors --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Primers --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Molecular Biology --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Preparation of chemical competent E.coli. --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Transformation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Mini-preparation of plasmid --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Midi-preparation of plasmid --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Tissue RNA extraction and purification --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- PCR/Gel extraction --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Synthesis of mRNA for microinjection --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Synthesis of DIG-labeled anti-sense RNA probe --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Subcloning --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.12 --- TA cloning --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3 --- Xenopus embryo manipulation --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Xenopus maintenance and handling --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Embryos collection and handing --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Microinjection --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- lacZ staining --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WHISH) --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4 --- Gene disruption via TALENs --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Extraction and normalization of TALEN assembly vectors --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- TALENs assembly with Golden Gate method. --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Synthesize TALEN mRNAs in vitro. --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Microinjection of TALENs into Xenopus embryos and evaluation of gene disruption efficiency --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5 --- CRISPR gRNA synthesis --- p.90 / Chapter 3.6 --- T7E1 assay for mutagenesis detection --- p.94 / Chapter 3.7 --- Tissue culture of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). --- p.94 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- STO feeder cell collection --- p.94 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- iPSCs passage --- p.95 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- List of tissue culture medium --- p.96 / Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.97 / Chapter 4.1 --- TALENs induce targeted gene disruption in Xenopus embryos --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phenotypes of somatic mutations induced by TALENs in X. tropicalis --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3 --- Mutations induced by TALENs were heritable in X. tropicalis --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4 --- TALENs and CRISPR-Cas induced gene disruption in mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) --- p.119 / Chapter 4.5 --- The application of TALE-based regulator --- p.124 / Chapter 4.6 --- List of TALENs, TALE-activator, and CRISPR-Cas vectors --- p.125 / Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 5.1 --- TALENs induce somatic and heritable mutagenesis in Xenopus --- p.131 / Chapter 5.2 --- Engineered endonucleases are valuable tools in the study of reverse genetics --- p.136 / Chapter 5.3 --- Potential applications of ZFPs and TALEs in genetic manipulation --- p.139 / Chapter 5.4 --- Prospects of genome editing approaches in the therapies of human diseases --- p.141 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.146 / Chapter 7. --- Publications --- p.172

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Background/aim: In the Western world, the emergence of historical research on the effects of the social determinants of health has provided the discipline of public health with new insight into this aspect of population health complementing the more traditional focus on the history of medicine. The Islamic Caliphate was a dominant power in its time and little is known about its public health history. This thesis aims to provide a chronologically historical account of the policies taken in this period and analyse them in the light of modern theories of public health. Materials and Methods: This thesis employed a qualitative research technique. Known primary and secondary historical sources were examined and data translated and presented in a chronological order. Modern historical sources analysing the historical accounts of that era were also used. Policies affecting health were retrieved and analysed using modern day research into the same policies. Results: The analysis has resulted in a revisionist argument that policies affecting public health in a positive way did exist in a sophisticated manner in the Islamic Caliphate albeit in an inconsistent manner. The study complements the works of medical historians who identified a “Golden Age” in the later era of the Caliphate with advancements in medical science with a potential “Golden Age” in the early era related to the social determinants of health. Conclusion: This thesis provides for the first time a chronological study of policies affecting public health in an era of public health history that has not been studied before. In addition it provides for the first time a modern analysis of these policies.

張大衛. / Thesis submitted in: May 2009. / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-39). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhang Dawei. / 文章摘要 --- p.II / Chapter 1. --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- 網上教會模式 --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- 「第二人生」（Second Life)虛擬世界教會 --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- 網誌空間新興教會（emerging church blogosphere) --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- 網上聖餐和洗禮 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.4 --- 現場錄像直播模式 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.5 --- "社交網絡服務(SNS, social networking service)教會網站" --- p.9 / Chapter 2.6 --- 小結 --- p.11 / Chapter 3. --- 網上教會研究 --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- 互聯網與社會變遷 --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- 網絡空間(cyberspace)的虛與實 --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- 靈性空間（spiritual space ) --- p.15 / Chapter 3.4 --- 身份建構(identity construction) --- p.18 / Chapter 3.5 --- 虛擬社群(virtual community) --- p.20 / Chapter 3.6 --- 網上信徒群體（Christian community online) --- p.20 / Chapter 3.7 --- 禮儀(ritual) --- p.22 / Chapter 4. --- 虛擬與真實 --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- 取代與補足 --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2 --- 教會事工與虛擬網絡 --- p.25 / Chapter 4.3 --- 由上而下的網絡空間 --- p.27 / Chapter 4.4 --- 網絡空間與神學 --- p.28 / Chapter 4.5 --- 文化神學（theology of culture) --- p.29 / Chapter 4.6 --- 文化性神學(cultural theology) --- p.31 / Chapter 4.7 --- 有形教會（visible church )與無形教會（invisible church ) --- p.32 / Chapter 4.8 --- 從身體與靈魂看虛擬真實（virtual reality) --- p.33 / Chapter 4.9 --- 聖靈與網上教會 --- p.33 / Chapter 5. --- 結論 --- p.34 / 參考書目 --- p.36

It aims at contributing to the formation of a proper theology of work for modern world, through critical reflection on the two dominant theological approaches to human work after the Reformation. Modern theology of work originated from Luther and Calvin' s interpretation towards ℓvocation', an idea which had a long history in Christian theological tradition. However, this theological understanding of human work became inadequate when facing the structural alienation of work in modern capitalist society. Against this background, a paradigm shift in the area of theology of work happened in the 20th century's Christian theology. The new approach that views human work as cooperatio Dei stresses one-sidely the theological significance of human work and at the same time fails to highlight the distinctively Christian virtues which are required in the human work. / This research is intended to emphasize another dimension of work, that is, work as "gift", a concept inherent to the Reformers' ethics of work. This approach affirms both accepting work as a gift from God and practicing it as the "gift giving" towards other people. It also emphasizes the virtues and the proper mode of work as such. This approach does not mean to totally negate the understanding of human work as cooperatio Dei, but it maintains that the approach of cooperatio Dei should be supplemented and balanced by the understanding of work as gift. / This thesis offers a theological inquiry into the meaning of human work, especially the one in the domain of economy. / 高喆. / Adviser: Pan-chin Lai. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-201). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Gao Zhe.