Aims: The purpose of this thesis was to synthesize the current literature on alpha amylase as an emerging biomarker of microaspiration in mechanically ventilated patient. Methods: The methodology included a review and synthesis of pertinent research articles from 1981-2018, written in English language. Criteria for inclusion in the review were all articles that evaluated α- amylase in tracheal secretions or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) as a diagnostic tool for identifying microaspiration. The search yielded 11 studies that were reviewed. Findings: The findings suggest that once aspiration occurs, the duration of α-amylase in the lungs requires further exploration to assist in interpretation of positive values. After these values are identified they need be used consistently used throughout practice of mechanically ventilated patients. Inconsistencies in the defining parameters of α-amylase were used with the thirteen studies. Conclusion: Testing amylase levels can require financial stability, standardized training, and timeliness of collecting the specimen. Alpha-amylase is a biomarker of microaspiration. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the biomarker capabilities of α-amylase to assist in early identification and/or prevention of microaspiration in mechanically ventilated patients. Implications for nursing policy practice, education, and considerations for upcoming research of α-amylase were reviewed with limitations to the study.