I dedicated my thesis to the matters of flat ownership in Czech Republic. I chose the topic not only because it is my area of interest, but also because it is an acute problem, which impacts more than 1.5 million of Czech citizens. During the 17-year existence of the legislation and despite 13 amendments of the legislation, its application is often unclear. In my opinion, the legislation lacks sufficient regulations of the following: the establishment of a unit owners association, ensuring a proper management of unit owners association executive organs. In addition, some institutes have not been legislated but only regulated by secondary legislation - a Model Article - that however does not have to be adhered to by a unit owners association. In many cases, vague regulations or issues that have not been legislated, had to be resolved by judgment. First chapter provides an overview of the subject and the scope of the Flat Ownership Act (Act) and its concept and correlation with other acts, particularly the Civil Code. The second chapter discusses various types of establishment of flat ownership. The third chapter discusses various types of abolishment of flat ownership, including expropriation. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the amendment of the Act and acquisition of legal personality, that is...

Unit Owners Association as a Subject of Law Objective of my thesis is to describe development of legal regulation of the Unit Owners Association, to analyse the current legal regulation of the Unit Owners Association in the Act No. 72/1994 Coll., on apartment ownership and to compare the current legal regulation with latest legal regulation in the new Civil Code. This topic is very live, because the issue of apartment ownership concerns more and more residents. The unit owner is also co-owner of common parts of a building. The Unit Owners Association is a legal entity determined for administration of common parts of the building. The thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter One describes development of the legal regulation of the Unit Owners Association in the Act No. 72/1994 Coll., on apartment ownership, which was amended several times. Chapter Two analyses the current legal regulation of the Unit Owners Association mainly from the point of view of its legal capacity and internal arrangement. Legal capacity of the Unit Owners Association is restricted, because this legal entity is legally competent to execute rights and to commit itself only in the cases related to administration, operation and repairs of common parts of a building. This chapter consists of six parts which focused on formation of the...

The aim of this study is to trace the history of the development of adult education in the United States from the close of World War I to the beginning of World War II as it is revealed in the Proceedings and Addresses of the National Education Association for this period. The treatment of the data was thorough reading of the source materials and supplementary materials to discover the origin of the programs, why they were advocated and instituted, and when and if they were changed and for what reasons. It was found that there were three definite stages of development. Each reflected the economic, political, social, and intellectual characteristics of the nation at that time. / Typescript. / "August, 1950." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Nita K. Pyburn, Professor Directing Study. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-77).

A epibiose é um fenômeno que inclui epizoísmo (organismos que utilizam animais como substrato) e epifitismo (organismos que utilizam vegetais como substrato). Especificamente para Hydrozoa, há diversos tipos de associação destes com outros animais (e.g., moluscos, crustáceos, poríferos e ascídias), em uma relação conhecida como epizoótica ou epizóica. De maneira geral, as larvas plânulas de hidróides ou outras formas de dispersão, como frústulas e pólipos desprendidos, podem fixar-se e crescer em quase qualquer animal macroscópico do bentos marinho, incluindo outros hidróides, simplesmente usando-os como um substrato conveniente. Há duas formas de expressão do epizoísmo em Hydrozoa: (1) quando os mesmos são substratos de outros animais e (2) quando eles exploram um animal como substrato. A segunda acepção proposta, em que hidróides colonizam outros animais usando-os como substrato, foi o foco deste estudo. A primeira acepção só será incluída neste estudo quando houver hidróides que utilizam outros hidróides como substrato. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes, cada uma com objetivos próprios, embora complementares no conhecimento sobre os hidróides epizóicos. A primeira parte, o estudo faunístico, objetiva primeiramente o levantamento das espécies de hidróides epizóicos e da fauna utilizada como substrato por meio do estudo de coleções de museus e materiais coletados em pontos do litoral de Santa Catarina e São Paulo, e de registros citados na literatura. A segunda parte, o estudo de dinâmica da comunidade de hidróides epizóicos, objetiva investigar as associações com substratos animais quanto à sazonalidade de ocorrência, reprodução e ocupação por hidróides epizóicos, por meio de experimento em campo com placas de recrutamento no canal de São Sebastião. No estudo faunístico foram encontradas 117 espécies epizóicas que utilizaram como substratos representantes de duas classes de Porifera (Hexactinellida e Demospongiae), 211 espécies que utilizaram como substratos representantes de duas classes de Cnidaria (Anthozoa e Hydrozoa), 143 espécies que utilizaram representantes de duas classes de Mollusca (Bivalvia e Gastropoda), 57 espécies que utilizaram como substratos representantes de duas ordens de Polychaeta (Aciculata e Canalipalpata), 72 espécies que utilizaram representantes de duas classes de Crustacea (Maxillopoda e Malacostraca), 103 espécies que utilizaram representantes das classes Gymnolaemata e Stenolaemata de Bryozoa e 51 espécies que foram encontradas sobre representantes de três ordens de Ascidiacea (Aplousobranchia, Phlebobranchia e Stolidobranchia). Os aspectos biológicos das associações foram discutidos nos capítulos referentes a cada tipo de substrato animal. Já no estudo de dinâmica das comunidades bentônicas, foram caracterizados hidróides epizóicos de 25 espécies, e estes utilizaram substratos dos filos Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda (Crustacea), Annelida (Polychaeta), Bryozoa e Chordata (Ascidiacea). Os agrupamentos de substratos encontrados na análise de correspondência parecem estar relacionados a características morfológicas dos substratos. Já os fatores biológicos e temporais influenciaram a sucessão ecológica das placas experimentais. No capítulo de considerações finais, os dados sobre epizoísmo dos capítulos de faunística e dinâmica, além de dados referentes a substratos menos freqüentes (não apresentados nesta dissertação), foram reunidos para uma análise de aspectos mais globais do epizoísmo de hidrozoários. Assim, possíveis padrões das famílias de hidróides epizóicos puderam ser definidos (em agrupamentos de especialistas, generalistas ou exclusivos de alguns substratos animais) e discutidos / 2.1 The associations between animal groups and species of sponges are relatively well known and described in the literature. Of all the cnidarian groups, the most diverse associations with sponges are found among the hydrozoans. In this study, 117 species of epizoic hydroids were found on two classes of sponge substrates (Hexactinellida and Demospongiae). The biological aspects of the interactions between hydrozoans and sponges were discussed in this chapter. 3.1 Many studies describe the association between cnidarians and other organisms, even other cnidarians. In this study, 211 species of epizoic hydroids were found on two classes of cnidarian substrates (Anthozoa and Hydrozoa). The biological aspects of the interactions between hydrozoans and other cnidarians were discussed in this chapter. 4.1 The Phyllum Mollusca is one of the main groups that hydrozoans have ecological associations. On soft-bottom environments, the shells are an alternative for the organisms that need hard susbtrates to settle and grow. In this study, 143 species of epizoic hydroids were found on two classes of mollusc substrates (Bivalvia and Gastropoda). The biological aspects of the interactions between hydrozoans and molluscs were discussed in this chapter. 5.1 The polychaetes are abundant in different habitats and can be associated with many animals, even hydroids. In this study, 57 species of epizoic hydroids were found on two orders of polychaetes substrates (Aciculata and Canalipalpata). The biological aspects of the interactions between hydroids and polychaetes were discussed in this chapter. 6.1 The crustacean can be used as substrates, being their bodies and appendages overgrown by hydroid polyps. Another form of association found in the literature is indirect: the polyps grow over the gastropod shells occupied by hermit crabs. In this study 72 species of epizoic hydroids were found using two classes of Crustacea (Maxillopoda and Malacostraca) as substrates. The biological aspects of the interactions between hydroids and crustaceans were discussed in this chapter. 7.1 The bryozoan colonies grow on many substrates like rocks, algae, shells, crustaceans, ascidians, hydroids, and are important fouling members that grow on artificial substrates. However, they can also serve as substrate for other animals, even hydroids. In this study, 103 species of epizoic hydroids were found on two classes of bryozoan substrates (Gymnolaemata and Stenolaemata). The biological aspects of the interactions between hydroids and bryozoans were discussed in this chapter. 8.1 The most common commensal organisms of ascidians cited in the literature are copepods, molluscs, polychaetes, nemertines and there are records of endosymbiotic hydroids. The associations between ascidians and hydroids were listed in this study, and 51 species of epizoic hydroids were found on three orders of ascidian substrates (Aplousobranchia, Phlebobranchia e Stolidobranchia). The biological aspects of the interactions between hydroids and ascidians were discussed in this chapter. 9.1 Studies on the colonization of artificial substrates are quite common in the literature. In this study, we used ceramic panels in São Sebastião, SP, in order to observe the hydroid epizoic community and their animal substrates. Twenty-five species of epizoic hydroids were found on substrates of Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda (Crustácea), Annelida (Polychaeta), Bryozoa and Chordata (Ascidiacea). The groups of substrates defined by the correspondence analysis seem to be related to the morphological features of the substrates, and the biological and temporal factors seem to influence the ecological succession of the experimental panels.

The combinatorial objects known as association schemes arise in group theory, extremal graph theory, coding theory, the design of experiments, and even quantum information theory. One may think of a d-class association scheme as a (d + 1)-dimensional matrix algebra over R closed under entrywise products. In this context, an imprimitive scheme is one which admits a subalgebra of block matrices, also closed under the entrywise product. Such systems of imprimitivity provide us with quotient schemes, smaller association schemes which are often easier to understand, providing useful information about the structure of the larger scheme. One important property of any association scheme is that we may find a basis of d + 1 idempotent matrices for our algebra. A cometric scheme is one whose idempotent basis may be ordered E0, E1, . . . , Ed so that there exists polynomials f0, f1, . . . , fd with fi ◦ (E1) = Ei and deg(fi) = i for each i. Imprimitive cometric schemes relate closely to t-distance sets, sets of unit vectors with only t distinct angles, such as equiangular lines and mutually unbiased bases. Throughout this thesis we are primarily interested in three distinct goals: building new examples of cometric association schemes, drawing connections between cometric association schemes and other objects either combinatorial or geometric, and finding new realizability conditions on feasible parameter sets — using these conditions to rule out open parameter sets when possible. After introducing association schemes with relevant terminology and definitions, this thesis focuses on a few recent results regarding cometric schemes with small d. We begin by examining the matrix algebra of any such scheme, first looking for low rank positive semidefinite matrices with few distinct entries and later establishing new conditions on realizable parameter sets. We then focus on certain imprimitive examples of both 3- and 4-class cometric association schemes, generating new examples of the former while building realizability conditions for both. In each case, we examine the related t-distance sets, giving conditions which work towards equivalence; in the case of 3-class Q-antipodal schemes, an equivalence is established. We conclude by partially extending a result of Brouwer and Koolen concerning the connectivity of graphs arising from metric association schemes.

During the development of many diseases such as cancer and diabetes, the pattern of gene expression within certain cells changes. A vital part of understanding these diseases will come from understanding the factors governing gene expression. This thesis work focused on mining association rules in the context of gene expression. We designed and developed a tool that enables domain experts to interactively analyze association rules that describe relationships in genetic data. Association rules in their native form deal with sets of items and associations among them. But domain experts hypothesize that additional factors like relative ordering and spacing of these items are important aspects governing gene expression. We proposed hypothesis-based specializations of association rules to identify biologically significant relationships. Our approach also alleviates the limitations inherent in the conventional association rule mining that uses a support-confidence framework by providing filtering and reordering of association rules according to other measures of interestingness in addition to support and confidence. Our tool supports visualization of genetic data in the context of a rule, which facilitates rule analysis and rule specialization. The improvement in different measures of interestingness (e.g., confidence, lift, and p-value) enabled by our approach is used to evaluate the significance of the specialized rules.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The cognitive strategies of association and dissociation have been identified and studied in runners and other athletes. Association is said to involve thoughts that are task-oriented and may include a focus on pace, strategy, or physiological sensations. Conversely, dissociation involves task-irrelevant thoughts and may include thinking about such things as relationships, work, spiritual matters, or scenery. To date, studies have been largely descriptive, methodologically flawed, failed to use manipulation checks, and/or present unclear or differing conclusions. The emphasis with previous association and dissociation research has also been with elite and/or endurance athletes, such as marathon runners. Additionally, only a few studies have included more than one exercise setting, and these investigations seemed to indirectly suggest that the exercise environment may influence the use of cognitive strategies, performance, and perceived exertion. In an effort to clarify the effects of cognitive strategies and exercise setting on several dependent variables, the current study investigated a sample of experienced recreational runners in a 3 x 2 mixed experimental design. Exercise setting had three levels (treadmill, indoor track, and outdoor route) and was a within-groups independent variable and cognitive strategy had two levels (association vs. dissociation) as a between-groups factor. The dependent variables were the ratings of perceived exertion, course satisfaction, and performance time for a 5 km run. The results indicated strong effects for the influence of exercise setting. The treadmill setting was rated as least satisfying, while resulting in the highest perceived exertion and slowest performance time. Alternately, the outdoor route resulted in the highest level of course satisfaction, while also yielding the lowest level of perceived exertion. For the dissociation strategy, the outdoor setting garnered the lowest perceived exertion, followed by the indoor track and treadmill, respectively, while with the associative strategy perceived exertion did not significantly differ among the settings. There were no overall differences in perceived exertion or course satisfaction between the cognitive strategies; however, there was a medium effect size and trend for the association group to run faster. The implications and limitations of these data are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.

The National Association of Colored Women was formed in 1896, during a period when the Negro was encountering a great amount of difficulty in maintaining the legal and political rights granted to him during the period of reconstruction. As a result of this erosion· of power, some historians have contended that the Negro male was unable to effectively deal with the problems that arose within the Negro community. It was during this same period of time that the Negro woman began to assert herself in the affairs of her community. In the beginning, her work was done in conjunction with church groups and ladies auxiliaries to Negro male secret societies and fraternal organizations. In the 1890's, however, she began to form clubs of her own. This did not mean that the other organizational ties were severed, but rather that she added new priorities to her varied interests. Generally speaking, the women who participated in these groups were middle class women who saw needs within the Negro community and attempted, with their limited resources, to alleviate the problems. There were many clubs of Negro women formed during the period from 1890 to 1895, and there was a general feeling that unification of the clubs would be beneficial to the overall movement of Negro women. The major goal of the National Association of Colored Women was the uplift of the Negro race in all facets of life. The organization declared that it was not drawing the color line but that all clubs of women whose goal was to improve the life of the Negro were eligible to join. From the beginning, the goal that the National Association of Colored Women set up for itself was too broad in relation to membership and resources of the members. Instead of concentrating on one or two specific areas, such as kindergartens, reformatories for Negro youth, homes for the aged, or civil rights, the women divided their forces to such an extent that their effectiveness in dealing with the problems that plagued the Negro community was extremely limited. It is true that many fine examples of their dedication and unselfishness brought relief and in some cases institutions were established to aid their people, but more often than not the lack of unified efforts failed to produce the desired results. Besides the diffusion of goals, there was also the human factors of pettiness, un-co-operative spirit and a desire for self-recognition that disrupted the movement. Later, with the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the N.A.A.C.P . , the National Urban League and other similar organizations dedicated to the improvement of the life of the Negro, the National Association of Colored Women lost much of its impact. In part this was caused by the limiting of the goals pursued by the new organizations. They concentrated their efforts on a few specific areas and refused to be distracted by a multiplicity of causes. Furthermore, the personnel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Urban League were generally more professionally qualified to handle the problems that they attempted to solve. The thesis is based largely upon original sources: memoirs, autobiographies of the founders of the N.A.C.W. and periodicals and newspapers published between 1890-1930.

Several school-based interventions aimed at increasing fruit and vegetables (FV) intake among children have demonstrated success in short-term interventions. The Fit Game is a school-based intervention aimed at encouraging children to consume increasing amounts of FV during a game, which is a narrative. Just as children are being encouraged to eat FV at school, so is it equally important for them to eat FV at home. Parents strongly influence the amount of FV children consume at home. The aim of this thesis is to examine associations between factors that influence consumption of fruits and vegetables at and away from school among children who are participating in a schoolbased intervention, which has been shown to increase fruit and vegetable consumption at school. Associations between factors of the home environment and FV intake of children at and away from school are also explored. The study population was 37 parent-child pairs who participated in the Fit Game intervention conducted at one elementary school in 2013 (n = 252). This study showed that there was an increase in FV intake of children at school during the period they played the Fit Game; however there was no change in fruit and vegetable intake away from school during that same period of time. In addition, though parents and children’s intake of FV were correlated, parents did not change their FV intake during the period of time their child participated in the Fit Game at school. There was no significance between children’s intake and the factors in the home environment including family meals, FV accessibility and availability as well as parental knowledge. This study used rigorous methods to assess dietary intake. It is, however, important that this study is replicated with a larger sample that is more diverse.