Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-254).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-371). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-156). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Conflictsthattookplacealmostthree centuriesapart – respectivelyinlatemedievalSpainandnineteenth-century South Africa – are described in some detail. The Spanish example offers insight into the effect of the conflictduringtheQonquista,followedbyaperiodofArabruleintheIberianpeninsula,which was terminated by the Reconquista of southern Spain by the Christians. The focus in this regard is the violence and counter violence manifested in the formative stages of the Great Mosque at Córdoba and its transformation into the church of Santa Maria. The behaviour of the Muslims and Christians at the sacred site at Córdoba during the conquest and the reconquest, through many centuries, became a theatre in which conflictingreligiousemotionswerearousedandeventuallyresultedinthepartialdestruction of a magnificentMuslimedifice.WhathappenedatCórdobaisanobjectlessontoallmulticultural societies in which the dominant group avenges itself upon the cultural artefacts of a subjected group. This is a common occurrence in the history of architecture, and fitsthebasicpremiseofRenéGirard’s theory of “mimetic desire” that states that one group desires what another desires. As the envy becomes more intense, “mimetic rivalry” with a model results: admiration is transformed into violent conflictthatisonlydiffusedifascapegoatisfound.InamodificationofGirard’sthesisitispostulatedthat in the end the model – taken to be a building or monument – is most often demolished or vandalised as if serving as the scapegoat for the aggressor’s animosity. In more benign cases desire results in the appropriation of the model, but with modificationstoitsidentity. Alternatively,anew model,coexisting with the original, is created by the vanquished to rival the existing model, as happened at the site of Blood River, Natal. In colonial South Africa a monument was erected in 1947 and a more elaborate version of a combat “laager” inaugurated in 1977 to commemorate the battle which took place there on 16 December 1838 between the Voortrekkers and the Zulus, in which the former were victorious. In response, the Zulus established the Ncome Monument and Museum to the east of the Voortrekkers’ monument, officiallyopenedinNovember1999,whichoffersareinterpretationofthe1838battle,celebrates Zulu culture in general and calls for the development of empathy across the cultural and ethnic divide of the former combatants. Ironically, the layout suggests the historical Zulu combat formation.

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

The City of Toronto experienced a particularly tremulous year in 2005. Dubbed the "year of the gun," the marked increase in violence among racialized youth lead to an increase in community cultural programming. These programs provide safe productive environments for youth to gather and develop self esteem and as well as important marketable life skills for the labour force. However there is currently a disconnect between these programs and the valuable training that they are imparting to youth. The traditional training and learning-to-work transitions have not enjoyed the success that was envisioned in the early stages of these initiatives. Through interviews and observation, the research documented in this thesis offers an opportunity for practitioners, policy makers and program funders to re-think the traditional approach as it relates to the arts and cultural programs for racialized at-risk youth in Canada's largest urban centre.

In this thesis, the spectral behavior of the fundamental and sum-frequency waves, generated from the surface of a thin metal film in the Kretschmann configuration, is theoretically studied with coherent ultrashort pulses. As a first exploration of considering spectral response in nonlinear plasmonics, it is shown that the spectra of reflected sum-frequency waves exhibit pronounced shifts for the incident fundamental waves close to the plasmon coupling angle, whereas meanwhile those of reflected fundamental waves display energy holes. We also demonstrate that the scale of discovered plasmon-enhanced spectral changes is strongly influenced by the magnitude of the incidentce angle and the source pulse duration, and at a certain angle a spectral switch is observed. The appearance of large sum-frequency wave shifts can serve as an unambiguous plasmon signatur in nonlinear surface spectroscopy. Also, the discovered spectral switch can trigger extremely surface-sensitive nonlinear plasmonic sensors.

No description available.

A scoping review was used to identify community-based out-of-school programs which employed occupation as a means of intervention to support positive youth development for at-risk children and youth. The purpose of the review was to explore how programs, via their structure and philosophy, may facilitate well-being and positive youth development. Organizations that ran programs which were accessible to children and youth in the boundaries of KFL&A Public Health Unit were located through internet search, word of mouth, and printed resources in the community. Nine programs (Boys and Girls Club, Big Brothers Big Sisters, Camp Outlook, Outward Bound, Tim Horton’s Children’s Foundation Camp, Children’s Aid Society, Youth Diversion, Girls Inc, and Katarokwi Native Friendship Centre) were identified and the associated documents were analyzed. A search of scholarly journals was completed to locate peer-reviewed publications which evaluated the above programs. Six publications were located which evaluated the effectiveness of the Boys and Girls Club (n=3) and Big Brothers Big Sisters (n=3). These evaluations indicated that the programs produce positive effects for youth behaviours and reduce negative attitudes and risk behaviours. Four common goals were identified through the analysis of the program documents: developing confidence/worth, safe supportive environment/relationships, skill development, and positive future outlook/place in the world. From the program documents, key phrases were identified that related to one or more of the components of well-being, namely; physical health (healthy lifestyle and participation), self-esteem (view of self and succeed at new things/skill development), belonging (safe supportive environment, citizenship, relationships/safe adult relationship), security (personal and economic), and self determination (skill development, positive future outlook, choices, self-reliance). Multiple links were observed between the goals and the components of well-being. The component of Belonging appeared to have the greatest emphasis, with all program documents containing at least one statement related to this component. This review provides insight into the role that youth programs which utilize occupation as the means of “intervention” can play in fostering a state of well-being and positive youth development among participants. / Thesis (Master, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2010-01-29 12:19:33.014