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Ground-based near-infrared remote sounding of ice giant clouds and methaneTice, Dane Steven January 2014 (has links)
The ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, are the two outermost planets in our solar system. With only one satellite flyby each in the late 1980’s, the ice giants are arguably the least understood of the planets orbiting the Sun. A better understanding of these planets’ atmospheres will not only help satisfy the natural scientific curiosity we have about these distant spheres of gas, but also might provide insight into the dynamics and meteorology of our own planet’s atmosphere. Two new ground-based, near-infrared datasets of the ice giants are studied. Both datasets provide data in a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that provides good constraint on the size of small scattering particles in the atmospheres’ clouds and haze layers. The broad extent of both telescopes’ spectral coverage allows characterisation of these small particles for a wide range of wavelengths. Both datasets also provide coverage of the 825 nm collision-induced hydrogen-absorption feature, allowing us to disentangle the latitudinal variation of CH4 abundance from the height and vertical extent of clouds in the upper troposphere. A two-cloud model is successfully fitted to IRTF SpeX Uranus data, parameterising both clouds with base altitude, fractional scale height, and total opacity. An optically thick, vertically thin cloud with a base pressure of 1.6 bar, tallest in the midlatitudes, shows strong preference for scattering particles of 1.35 μm radii. Above this cloud lies an optically thin, vertically extended haze extending upward from 1.0 bar and consistent with particles of 0.10 μm radii. An equatorial enrichment of methane abundance and a lower cloud of constant vertical thickness was shown to exist using two independent methods of analysis. Data from Palomar SWIFT of three different latitude regions.
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Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphereMoss, Andrew January 2017 (has links)
Gravity waves play a fundamental role in driving the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere. They are influenced both by the variation in their sources and the filtering effects of the winds they encounter as they ascend through the atmosphere. In this thesis we present new evidence that gravity waves play a key role in coupling the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere. In particular, we examine the connection of gravity waves to two important large-scale oscillations that occur in the atmosphere, namely the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the troposphere and the Mesospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation (MSAO). We present the first ever demonstration that the MJO acts to modulate the global field of gravity waves ascending into the tropical stratosphere. We discover a significant correlation with the MJO zonal-wind anomalies and so suggest that the MJO modulates the stratospheric gravity-wave field through a critical-level wave-filtering mechanism. Strong evidence for this mechanism is provided by consideration of the winds encountered by ascending waves. The Ascension Island meteor radar is used for the first time to measure momentum fluxes over the Island. These measurements are then used to investigate the role of gravity-wave in driving a dramatic and anomalous wind event that was observed to occur during the first westward phase of the MSAO in 2002. Gravity waves are shown to play an important role in driving this event, but the observations presented here also suggest that the current theory of the mechanism describing these anomalous mesospheric wind events is not valid. Both of these studies highlight the critical importance of gravity waves to the dynamics of the atmosphere and highlight the need for further work to truly understand these waves, their processes and their variability.
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Variabilité naturelle de la composition atmosphérique et influence anthropique en Patagonie. Contribution à l'étude des transports Equateur-Moyennes latitudes-PôleMoreno, Isabel 19 January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Au cours des dernieères décennies, l′ étude des paléoenvironnements de l′ Hemisphere Sud s′ est développée avec les informations fournies par l′ analyse des carottes de glace polaires et plus récemment à partir des carottes de glace prélevées dans les Andes. Bien que les zones tropicales et subtropicales de l′ Amérique du Sud jouent un rôle ma jeur dans la chimie atmosphérique globale en raison de l′ existence de réservoirs importants, les échanges entre l′ équateur et les hautes latitudes sud restent encore peu documentés. Même si d′ autres archives apportent des informations sur le climat passé, il existe peu de données de la composition atmosphérique des moyennes latitudes de l′ Hémisphère Sud, aussi bien en termes de variabilité naturelle que d′ impact anthropique. Ce travail est basé sur l′ analyse d'une carotte de glace de 122 m extraite d′ un site d′ altitude en Patagonie (Monte San Valentin 46◦ 35′ S, 73◦ 19′ O, 3723 m). Outre l′ établissement de profils à haute résolution des ions minéraux et organiques obtenus par chromatographie ionique, nous avons réalisé une étude des précipitations susceptibles d′ influencer le site, fournissant ainsi une base pour l′ interprétation de l′ archive de glace. Ce site se caractérise par l′ enregistrement d′ événements à caractère marin et continental. Nous avons démontré que, sur ce glacier, les contributions marines primaires et secondaires ne sont pas synchrones et qu′ elles sont très probablement sousreprésentées dans le profil en raison de processus d'accumulation. Contrairement au sel de mer, une partie importante des aérosols biogéniques marins est associée à un apport influencé par des contributions continentales diluées. L′ apport continental est complexe : il est composé d′ événements ponctuels de combustion, de retombées volcaniques et d′ émissions par les sols. Il correspond à presque la moitié de la quantité totale de sulfate déposé. Cette contribution importante et omniprésente de sulfate est associée au nitrate et au chlorure, mais mieux cerner son origine nécessiterait des recherches plus poussées. La comparaison de notre archive glaciochimique avec des éruptions volcaniques datées et le début de la colonisation en Patagonie nous a permis de proposer quelques repères pour la datation de la carotte, qui reste à ce jour encore incertaine. Enfin, aucune tendance anthropique claire n′ a été décelée à partir de l′ évolution du bruit de fond des espèces continentales, excepté l′ ammonium, lui pouvant être mis en relation avec l′ utilisation croissante d′ engrais après les années 1960.
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Investigation of the use of a minicomputer for the reduction of data from lidar measurements of atmospheric gases by differential absorptionMcDonnell, John Joseph, 1944- January 1976 (has links)
No description available.
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On the evolution of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during the TOGA COARE IOPAntonissen, Eric 01 October 1999 (has links)
Graduation date: 2000
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Sensitivity of sea-ice cover and ocean properties to wind-stress and radiative forcings from 1500 to 2000Sedláček, Jan, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/02/12). Includes bibliographical references.
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Influence of Antarctic oscillation on intraseasonal variability of large-scale circulations over the Western North Pacific /Burton, Kenneth R. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Patrick Harr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available online.
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Wind driven circulation in Trinity and Conception Bays /Davidson, Fraser, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 234-240.
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The Canada Basin mean circulation and intermediate scale flow features /Newton, John LeBaron, January 1973 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1973. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-157).
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Wind sea growth and swell evolution in the Gulf of AlaskaHanson, Jeffrey Louis. January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-150).
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