A global tradable-permit regime designed to minimize the costs of stabilizing world carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion at 1987 levels by the year 2000-- and to be acceptable to both OECD and non-OECD countries. / Cover title: Global tradable carbon permits, participation incentives, and transfers. "June 1994"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-21). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen, 1981. / "Stellingen" (2 p.) inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-114).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 10, 2010). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitätsdruckerei, Bern, 1982. / "Inauguraldissertation der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde ... von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Oeschger Angenommen, Bern, den 8. Juli 1982." Includes bibliographical references.

A global tradable-permit regime designed to minimize the costs of stabilizing world carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion at 1987 levels by the year 2000-- and to be acceptable to both OECD and non-OECD countries. / Cover title: Global tradable carbon permits, participation incentives, and transfers. "June 1994"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-21).

No description available.

Since plants utilize CO��� as the substrate for photosynthesis, terrestrial plants may be directly affected by increasing levels of CO��� in the atmosphere. Plants native to the sagebrush steppe are predicted to increase in growth in response to elevated CO��� through increased water use efficiency and higher photosynthetic rates. This study examined the interactions between edaphic factors and CO��� in order to determine how species native to the sagebrush steppe may respond to elevated CO���. The objectives of these experiments were to: 1. determine if Sitanion hystrix, Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, and Stipa thurberiana alter their growth and physiology in response to CO��� and soil temperature. 2. determine if Sitanion hystrix and Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis alter their growth and physiology in response to CO��� and water stress. Two experiments were conducted using environmentally controlled chambers. In the first experiment, Sitanion hystrix, Artemisia tridentata and Stipa thurberiana were exposed to ambient (374 ppm) or high (567 ppm) CO��� conditions and low (13��C) or high (18��C) soil temperature. After four months in the chambers, plants were harvested and plant material was divided into shoots, roots, and leaves. Results from the first experiment demonstrated that carbon dioxide and soil temperature modified the growth of these species. Sitanion hystrix increased its shoot and root weights at elevated CO��� when grown under low soil temperatures. Artemisia tridentata had lower plant weights under elevated CO��� and 18 ��C soil temperature than plants grown at ambient CO��� and 13��C. Shoots of Stipa thurberiana were responsive to soil temperature and roots were responsive to CO��� at 18��C. In the second experiment, Sitanion hystrix and Artemisia tridentata were exposed to ambient (371 ppm) or high (569 ppm) CO��� and well-watered or water stressed conditions. Results indicated that there were no interactive effects betweeen CO��� and water stress with respect to plant growth or physiology. CO��� increased water use efficiency in S. hystrix and increased water use efficiency of A. tridentata at the beginning of the experiment but had no interactive effects with water stress on growth or photosynthesis. Results suggested that the effect of CO��� on plant growth and productivity of the sagebrush steppe is dependent upon the soil temperature to which the plants are exposed. Differences between species in their response to CO���, soil temperature, and water stress were also apparent in this experiment. These controlled environment studies should pave the way for field studies in the sagebrush steppe in order to determine if differences in carbon allocation, resulting from changes in CO��� and soil temperature, are realized in the field. Alterations in carbon allocation may potentially alter the competitive relationships between species and influence successional processes in the sagebrush steppe. / Graduation date: 1997

The CO2 flux of two peatlands in northern Alberta was examind during the 2004 growing season using eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), chamber measurements of total ecosystem respiration, and empirical models driven by meteorological inputs. The two ecosystems, a poor fen and an extreme-rich fen, differed significantly in plant species composition, leaf area index, aboveground biomass and surface water chemistry. The mean diurnal pattern of NEE at the peak of the season was similar between the sites, however, the extreme-rich fen had a higher photosynthetic and respiratory capacity than the poor fen. Over the 6 month study, the poor fen was shown to accumulate between 2 to 3 times more carbon than the extreme-rich fen despite having a lower photosynthetic capacity. The evergreen nature of the poor fen site allowed for a longer season of net CO2 uptake than the deciduous species that dominated the extreme-rich fen. / xii, 126 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.

Carbon dioxide release from fossil-fuel burning is significant enough that we may soon experience perceptible changes in climate with important human consequences. Man's activities involving deforestation and agriculture have undoubtedly also affected atmospheric CO₂, although quantitative, and even qualitative, net effects of these processes are incompletely understood relative to fossil-fuel production. An accurate reconstruction of past ¹³C/¹²C ratios of atmospheric CO₂ may provide key constraints on the historical activity of the biosphere as CO₂ source or sink. Tree rings appear to be a repository of this information but there is much noise in the collection of previous reconstructions, presumably associated with site selection, radial variability, choice of representative wood chemical constituent, and subtle effects of climate on fractionation. This study attempts to avoid these pitfalls and develop a 50-yr δ¹³C(ATM) record from juniper trees (genus Juniperus), in fact, by taking advantage of the influence of climate on fractionation. Trees were harvested from suitable sites in close proximity to weather stations with monthly records of temperature and precipitation. Ring material was then separated from each of the sections in 5-yr intervals from 1930 to 1979 around their full circumference, and cellulose was extracted from the wood. After measuring δ¹³C of the cellulose by standard mass-spectrometric techniques, a variety of δ¹³C vs. climate functions were examined for each interval. The most useful relationships for at most 7 of the 10 sites were δ¹³C with December temperature or precipitation, because the coefficients were nearly constant from one interval to the next (averaging -0.27%₀ °C⁻¹ for temperature and -0.04%₀ mm⁻¹ for precipitation) and the intercepts differed. Local pollution effects are believed responsible for the three anomalous sites. The separation of these regression lines of different intervals is interpreted as the response of the trees to the changing δ¹³C of atmospheric CO₂ so that δ¹³C(ATM) curves are constructed from this spacing. The shape of the best-fit reconstruction suggests the biosphere has acted as CO₂ source to about 1965 and may now be a net sink. Although these conclusions are limited by certain assumptions and statistical restrictions, evidence from the recent scientific literature tends to support the increasing role of the biosphere as an important carbon sink.