EN The present diploma thesis is focused on optimization methods of titanium and phosphorus concentration for their use in the colloidal solution of TiO2 nanoparticles modified by bisphosphonates. For these analyses was used atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization. The characteristics of the two analytes were compared to two different spectrometers. Using the F-AAS technique on the GBC 933 AA spectrometer has been achieved a detection limit of 5,2 mg l-1 for titanium and a detection limit of 163 mg l-1 for the phosphorus. Using the ContrAA 700 spectrometer, F-AAS has been achieved an almost five times lower detection limit of 1,1 mg l-1 for titanium determination. For determination of phosphorus using this spectrometer, was obtained a similar value of 151 mg l-1 , as using the GBC 933 AA spectrometer. The determination of phosphorus by the ET-AAS technique using the ContrAA 700 spectrometer resulted in a detection limit of 1,23 mg l-1 , which is a significant difference compared to the flame system. It has been proved that optimized methods are consistent with the intention, which was confirmed by the analysis of real titanium and phosphorus samples in the colloidal solution of TiO2 nanoparticles modified bisphosphonates.

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Karolína Růžičková Supervisor: PharmDr. Barbora Švecová, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Anna Nováčková Title of thesis: Evaluation of preparation of monolayer lipid skin barrier models Skin, the protective barrier of human body, consists of several layers. The uppermost one is the stratum corneum, part of epidermis, whose extracellular matrix is composed mainly of ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids. The composition and arrangement of skin lipids are essential for the proper skin barrier function. Various multilayer and monolayer models are used to study skin lipids at the molecular level. Some of the evaluation methods are Langmuir monolayers at the air interface. In this work I dealt with the behavior of monolayer lipid models at four different pH values of the liquid subphase. Lipids isolated from human skin, lipid mixture prepared from the individual components, and a mixture of fatty acids were compared as well. Langmuir isotherms and the Brewster angle microscopy at different compression rates were used for this purpose. The results showed that pH of the subphase has no major effect on lipids arrangement. Lipids were most likely to form a tight monolayer at neutral pH 7,0, at a...

Previously, selenium was known as an element with negative properties. However, in the last century, the significant positive effects on human health were detected. Currently, the function, behavior and toxicity of selenium are still not well known. The key to understand it is to do speciation analysis. The aim of this diploma thesis is to develop method for determination inorganic (sodium selenite and selenate) and organic (selenourea, selenocystine, selenomethionine) selenium compounds. Parameters of apparatus for electrochemical hydride generation with atomic absorption spectrometry detector were optimized, final conditions were set and optimal conditions for separation process using HPLC were investigated. Calibration dependences for selenium compounds were measured and analytical figures of merit were investigated. In conclusion, a coupled method HPLC- EcHG- QFAAS for determination of individual selenium compounds was proposed, and it was tested on urea samples. Calibrations for these measurements were investigated and analytic characteristics were calculated. Based on these comparisons it can be said that proposed method allows the determination of selected selenium compounds in both aqueous and urea matrices. Subject words: Spectroscopy, analytical chemistry Key words: Atomic absorption...

The oeuvre of the Irish poet, novelist, playwright and essayist Eugene Rutherford Watters (later publishing under the name Eoghan Ó Tuairisc), who wrote both in English and Irish, has been mostly neglected by literary criticism. This thesis focuses on Watters' ambitious long modernist poem The Week-End of Dermot and Grace (1964), which has so far received only perfunctory critical treatment. Formally, The Week-End shows clear affinities with the works of high modernism (especially with the poetry of T.S. Eliot), especially in terms of poly- and multivocal qualities of Watters' overtly allusive language and the liberal employment of wide-ranging intertextual references. On the thematic level, the poem centres around Watters' preoccupation with the dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on 6th August 1945 by the American forces, a momentous event that impelled the poet to questions about faith, civilisation, technology, and collective guilt in the context of the Irish neutral stance during the Second World War. Reflections on Hiroshima also led him to contemplate the role of the poet and poetry in the modern "atomic age". Given the aforementioned qualities of the work, the method chosen for the analysis consists of a close reading of the poem in the light of the historical, literary, and...

(EN) The presented dissertation thesis summarizes the new results of electrochemical generation of volatile compounds usable in atomic spectral methods. The main aim of this work is to develop and to characterize new types of electrolytic flow-through cells and to examine their possibilities of determination of arsenic, selenium and antimony by using the electrochemical hydride generation technique coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry with a quartz tube atomizer. Individual electrolytic cells were designed and constructed to comply with two important requirements. The cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell should have a minimal volume and a high efficiency of analyte conversion to the volatile hydride. Constructed electrolytic cells are divided into the construction groups and described in the experimental part. Selenium was chosen as the first analyte. The relevant working parameters (such as type, concentration and flow rate of electrolytes, generation current and carrier gas flow rate) were optimized for each newly constructed electrolytic cell. Under the optimal working parameters, the basic characteristics of selenium determination were found out by using electrochemical hydride generation. The electrolytic cells were compared to each other and with the classical electrolytic cell...

Competitive metallurgical production is almost impossible without the knowledge of the chemical composition of manufactured and finished melt, or the produced product. With growing customer demands for product quality and product characteristics, increasing technology speed and increasing product purity, there is growing demand for analyzes of chemical composition. These demands are very often against each other, especially the increasing demands on the speed and accuracy of analyzes. Analytical requirements may not only apply to the test technique, but also to the quality of the sample, which is inseparable from it. What is recently seen as the biggest drawback, the new technology is trying to use as its main priority. This is undoubtedly true of atomic emission spectrometry.

Dependence of glutathione concentration on the amount of thallium in the plant was studied. Observed plant was maize (Zea mays) which was divided to two parts – root and overground. Two culture procedures were elaborated where seeds and young seedlings were cultivated in a solution of thallium of concentration 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, a 10 µmol/l. Extraction agents used during extraction were phosphate buffer and solution of ascorbic acid. Determination of glutathione was realized by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diode array detector (DAD) was used in both methods. Quantification of the thallium amount in the plant was done by method of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

The aim of the theses was determination of selenium species in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivated in medium with added inorganic form of selenium (Sodium Selenite). Concentrations of Sodium Selenite in cultivation medium were 0,1; 1; 10 and 100 mg.l-1. Cultivation was undertaken in fermenting tub for period of 72 hours. Cultivated yeasts were extracted by use of enzymes and subsequently the species of selenium in particular parts of yeasts were determined. In order to determine selenium species, the method of high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with atomic fluorescent spectrometer and technique of hydride generation was used. Having analysed different fractions of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae it was ascertained that during cultivation the sorption of selenium occurred in form of Se4+ in cell membranes while in cytoplasm no inorganic forms of selenium were found. Furthermore, it was stated that yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to metabolically change inorganic forms of selenium to organic forms (selenomethionine), while these forms are present in cytoplasm and they are likely to be bound to proteinic structures of cell membranes. An increase of concentration of Se4+ in cell membranes could be observed as a result of increasing concentration of Sodium Selenite in cultivation medium. In proteinic structures the concentration of organic selenium forms increased only to concentration 10 mg.l-1 of Sodium Selenite in cultivation medium.

This diploma thesis deals with a potential contamination of hazardous metals of soil and sediments. The metals cadmium, copper, lead and mercury were chosen, their specification, limited concentration and methods of determination are also described in thesis. City Jihlava and its surroundings were chosen for evaluating pollution of the soil and sediments in this area. In collected samples of the soil and sediments presence of copper, cadmium, lead and mercury were detected via atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, ET-AAS, AMA 254). The metal pollution of soils and sediments by hazardous elements in Jihlava River and in Jihlava region was evaluated.

The theoretical part of this master’s thesis is mainly focused on the physical and chemical properties of chromium, its toxicity and possibility of entering of various forms of chromium into the environment. There are also described the most common analytical methods for determination of chromium in water, including ways of modification and preconcentration water samples. The aim of experimental part is the optimalization and assessing the conditions spectrophotometric determination of Cr(III) by selected organic reagents (chromazurol S, eriochromcyanine R, 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol) and their comparison with the determination of total chromium, as Cr(III), using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermic atomization. The analytical procedure for spectrophotometric determination of chromium with chromazurol S, which was found to be most suitable and ET-AAS, were applied to real water samples.