Thesis (M. Div.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

This thesis examines the penal substitutionary atonement theory (PSA) considering recent critical theological scholarship. The theological implications of PSA are applied to several systematic categories such as the Trinity, God’s wrath, sin, and forgiveness, demonstrating that Evangelicals should adopt a different framework to articulate the meaning of Jesus’ death. Instead of describing Jesus’ death in punitive and legal terms, this thesis contends that Jesus’ death should primarily be understood and communicated as being “for us,” and imagined as a kingly and fatherly “intervention.” Finally, this thesis makes several applications as to how the evangelical church should communicate atonement theology. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-121).

Thesis (M.A.)--Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-151).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-67).

This study will demonstrate that penal substitutionary atonement is necessary for the new creation. The new covenant promises are inaugurated at Jesus’ death and at Pentecost when the Spirit indwells Christians; the promises are consummated in the new heavens and the new earth. Jesus says that his death inaugurates the new covenant at the Last Supper (Luke 22:14-20). This study will argue that the new covenant promises of forgiveness, transformation by the Spirit, God’s abiding presence, and the believer’s knowledge of God require penal substitutionary atonement. Chapter 1 recounts the critique that penal substitution cannot account for transformation and the new creation. The chapter sets up the thesis and methodology of this study, and the rationale of a new covenant approach. Various critiques against penal substitution are also explored. Chapters 2 and 3 serve as foundational chapters in three respects. Chapter 2 presents a defense of penal substitutionary atonement by examining key passages in the Old and New Testaments. Chapter 3 explores the meaning of covenant and enumerates new covenant promises. In addition, the nature of the new covenant is explored by surveying relevant New Testament passages. Finally, the chapter shows that atonement inaugurates the new covenant. Chapters 4-7 each argue that penal substitution is required to fulfill the promises for personal renewal: the forgiveness of sins, the transformation of the heart by the Holy Spirit, God’s everlasting covenant presence, and an intimate knowledge of God by all covenant members. Each promise of the new covenant provides forgiveness of sins, enables empowerment over sin, or overcomes sin’s effects that form a barrier to a relationship with God. Chapter 8 argues that reconciliation requires penal substitutionary atonement, and reconciliation is the ultimate goal of the new covenant; God’ restores his relationship with his people so that he dwells with them in the new created order. Chapter 9 concludes with the affirmation that penal substitutionary atonement is necessary for the new created order, and it explores implications and areas of further study.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1989. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).

Thesis (M.A.)--Briercrest Bible College, 1988. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-174).