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Denna studie har genomförts i år 4, 6, 7 och 9. Målet för undersökningen har varit att ta reda på vilka attityder elever i dessa årskurser har gentemot matematiken samt hur dessa attityder uppkommer och om de går att påverka/förändra. För att ta reda på vilka attityder som finns hos elever, har jag låtit jämföra min studie med vad annan litteratur säger om elevers attityder till matematik. Min studie bygger på en enkätundersökning genomförd i de tidigare nämnda skolåren. Jag har sedan ställt enkäterna mot varandra och försökt se skillnader och likheter i de olika skolåren. Som komplement till min studie och till litteraturen har jag även genomfört en lärarintervju. Den har jag i huvudsak använt för att försöka ta reda om klassläraren arbetar aktivt med att påverka sina elevers attityder till matematiken. Resultatet visar i huvudsak att eleverna i år 4 anser matematiken vara ett av de roligaste ämnena i skolan. I år 6 är matematiken viktig snarare än rolig. Eleverna kan tidigt förstå vikten av att lära sig räkna för att klara sig bra genom livet. Matematiken anses av eleverna vara "kul när man fattar och tråkig när man inte förstår" – det vill säga, ett ämne där förståelsen är av vikt för uppkomsten av attityden.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether children's attitudes toward Negroes could be significantly changed in a favorable direction through use of specified informational procedures and to investigate changes in attitude in relation to personality adjustment. Three instructional approaches were employed as agents for attitude change and were identified as The Literature Approach, The Audio-Visual Presentation Approach, and The Combination Approach.The Literature Approach provided pupils with books about Negroes to be included as part of an independent reading program. The books held potential for providing readers with vicarious experiences of Negro life, both past and present.The Audio-Visual Presentation Approach provided pupils with five separate audio-visual presentations which introduced factual information about Negro heritage, his contribution to the national development, his emotional reaction to his environment, his present living style, and his continued role as recipient of prejudice based on myths.The Combination Approach combined the strategies of The Literature and The Audio-Visual Presentation Approaches. ProcedureThe population in the study was comprised of 241 sixth grade white children assigned to nine classrooms in four elementary schools located in rural, small town and suburban settings in midwestern United States. The population was divided into the Control Group and the three Experimental Groups. The research design incorporated the standard pretest-treatment-posttest plan.The Attitude Scale (adapted from a scale constructed by Harrison Gough, University of Minnesota), the California Test of Personality, Elementary Level, Form AA and an information test (constructed specifically for use in this study and based on the information presented) were employed to gather data. The analysis of variance was utilized in determining the variation of information gained and attitude change for the four groups. The treatment by levels design of analysis of variance was utilized (using the two independent variables: personality and treatment) in determining the variation in attitude change in relation to the four treatment groups and the three levels of personality adjustment scores on the California Test of Personality.Findings1. Information about Negroes was conveyed to a statistically significant extent to pupils through The Combination and The Audio-Visual Presentation Approaches.2. Changes in attitude toward Negroes were not altered to a significant degree. Changes that did occur, but that were not statistically significant, appeared in the direction of unproved attitudes on the part of The Combination and The Audio-Visual Presentation Approaches.3. The level of personality adjustment scores of the pupils was not significantly related to the extent of change in attitude toward Negroes of the four groups employed.4. The level of personality adjustment scores was not significantly related to the extent of change in attitude toward Negroes regardless of the Approach that was analyzed.Conclusions1. Specific audio-visual instructional approaches provided learning experiences which resulted in higher scores that were statistically significant on an information test.2. Pupils participated in discussions about Negroes after they viewed presentations of specific audio-visual materials.3. Most children evidenced interest in learning about Negroes.4. Pupils who received presentations of specific audio-visual materials read more available books about Negroes than children who did not receive special presentations.5. Attitude change toward Negroes appears to occur less rapidly than cognitive (information) growth.6. A positive relationship (though not statistically significant) appears discernable between increase in knowledge about the Negro and favorable attitude change toward Negroes.7. Personality adjustment scores as measured by the California Test of Personality were not significantly related to attitude change toward the Negro.

Attitudes and confidence among women can predict the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. The longer duration of breastfeeding, the more advantages there are for both mother and child. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how the attitudes and the confidence were among Thai mothers and if there was a difference between nuclear families and extended families in these issues. Method: A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study with a quantitative method was performed by using IIFAS (Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale) and BSES (Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale) as measurement tools. Orem´s self-care theory was used as a theoretical framework with 79 voluntary participating women at a well-baby clinic in Bang Pa-In, Ayudhaya, Thailand. Result: The outcome of the study demonstrated that the majority of the women had a neutral attitude towards breastfeeding, 13% had a positive attitude towards formula feeding and 7% had a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. No significance was found between mothers living with nuclear and extended family regarding the attitude. The majority rated high confidence in breastfeeding. Mothers who were living in nuclear families rated lower than mothers living in extended families in “refrain from bottle-feeding for the first 4 weeks” regarding confidence in breastfeeding. Conclusion: The attitude to and the confidence in breastfeeding were relatively good among Thai mothers in Bang Pa-In, Ayudhaya, however improvements are needed. The findings of this study could be useful for Swedish and Thai nurses in their information about breastfeeding to women. Further studies are needed to follow the attitudes and confidence along with the economic development for the improvement of the exclusive breastfeeding rates.

Persuasive attitude changing games are a growing genre and a powerful tool when wanting to reach out and affect the opinion and attitude of larger groups in society. But how well do persuasive games actually work and can they be improved further? This article studies persuasive computer games and comes up with the proposal of using the Multiple Identification Theory, an established model for attitude change as a foundation for designing persuasive games. By analyzing every step of the MIT and translating it into the field of digital games, key concepts have been identified and proposed as guidelines for future development of persuasive games. In addition an analysis of existing persuasive games have been made, with the aim to study how well they meet the criteria of the MIT and determinate whether they could have improved by using it or not.

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This research is to probe into the political attitude and the values of the female collegians, and take the Tainan Woman¡¦s College of Arts & Technology for example which only recruited females. The research on plural educational systems and different ages hopes to understand the life and the learning experience of the students from the way of the students¡¦ political socialization including the different backgrounds.(families, schools, mass media and peer-groups .) by using a questionnaire survey. We hope the results of this research can be the references of the schools and education. The major results are as follows: 1.The relations between the parents¡¦ occupation and the family socialization are large. 2.There was no significant difference on the family authority types between different grades. 3.There was no significant difference on the family discipline methods between different grades. 4.There was no significant difference on the family politics between different grades. 5.The school socialization is related to the educational systems, genders, the educational background of the mothers and the parents¡¦ occupation. 6.The relations between the mass media and the grades are large. 7.The peer-groups socialization is related to the educational systems, genders, the educational background of the fathers. 8.In the angles of the students¡¦ basic political attitudes forming, the national identity is related to the grades, the educational background of the mothers and the parents¡¦ occupation. 9.The students think that Taiwan and the China are different nations, more students think that Taiwan is a country. 10The ideologies of independence and unification are related to the educational background of the fathers and the parents¡¦ occupation. 11The percentage of maintaining the present situation is the most and the percentage of unifying is the least. KEY WORD: political attitude and the values, political socialization

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of sexual harassment perception of gender attitude, and personality among high school students. Five hundreds and seventy-eight participants from 3 different school levels (i.e., junior, senior and vocational high schools) completed a questionnaire on Sexual Harassment Perception Scale. Moreover, 3 junior high school students with low sexual harassment perception and high sexual experiences, and the other 3 senior/ vocational students with low sexual harassment perception and high sexual experiences were recruited as target students and were interviewed by investigator for determining whether their written responses were consistent with their actual perceptions. T tests, correlation, and analysis of variance were conducted on the quantitative data. For the interview data, an inductive analysis was applied. The major findings are as follows: 1. The high school students easily illustrated the definitions of sexual harassment. However, boys in particular have difficulties giving examples on sexual harassments. 2. Over 90% of the entire students have experienced sexual harassment. Boys¡¦ sexual harassment experiences were significantly higher than girls. 3. Over 92% of the targeted students reported that their actual sexual harassment experiences was higher than their subjectively judgment of encountered sexual harassment. 4. Among sexual harassments, sexual assault is the easiest to recognize while gender harassment is the hardest to detect. 5. Students¡¦ perceptions of sexual harassment are significant different which may be attributed to gender, school level, majors, and family backgrounds. 6. Students¡¦ perception of sexual harassment is counter correlated with their sexual harassment experiences. 7. Students with high sexist attitudes have significantly higher perceptions of sexual harassment than low sexist attitude students. 8. Students with neuroticism have significantly higher perception of sexual harassment than students with other personalities.

Thèse de doctorat : Psychologie : Nancy 2 : 2006. / Bibliographie. Index.