Throughout the recorded pages of sociological literature it has generally been contended that older people are more conservative than younger people. The major focal point of this thesis is an application of this generalization to a specified, temporal situation via an empirical investigation of the relationship between age and conservative opinions on contemporary issues. In this manner an empirical demonstration of the theoretical relationship between age and conservatism was accomplished. Additionally, an analysis of the relative importance of age as an independent variable related to conservative opinions was achieved. Interviews were administered to a random sample of wives of Virginia Polytechnic Institute faculty members. Data consisted of scores on a Likert-type scale of conservative opinions centering on issues relative to race, law enforcement, and patriotism. With respect to the instrument employed and the sample surveyed, five general findings were noted. First, older persons expressed more conservative opinions than did younger persons, but not to a great extent. Second, there is a positive correlation between age and conservative opinions, but the degree of correlation is not high. Third, the relationship between age and conservative opinions is quantitative, not qualitative. In other words, a polarization of opinions on the basis of age does not exist. Fourth, education is much more important than age as an independent variable related to conservative opinions, although the direction is one of negative correlation. Finally, age is more important than the region or community size of one's childhood as an independent variable related to conservative opinions. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to determine if the years of academic study and avaiable recreation amenities associated with the vocation of parks and recreation and/or education result in significant individual scores of leisure participation, leisure attitudes, and leisure satisfaction. Survey data were collected from leisure educators, leisure practitioners, and a random sample of alumni from a large southern land-grant university. Survey instruments were systematically distributed to the aforementioned groups within the National Recreation and Park Association's Southern Region. The sample population was surveyed during the summer of 1984. Objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze patterns of leisure participation among leisure educators and practitioners, (2) analyze leisure attitudes of leisure educators and practitioners, and (3) analyze perceived leisure satisfaction of leisure educators and practitioners. The standardized measuring devices used to accomplish these objectives were The Leisure Activities Blank (LAB), The Leisure Attitude Scale (LAS), and The Leisure Satisfacton Scale (LSS). Each relied upon a Likert-type scaling. One-way analyses of variance were utilized to test differences between the dependent (LAB, LAS, & LSS) and independent (leisure educators, leisure practitioners, and a general population group) variables. Tukey's (HSD) tests indicated true differences when analyses of variance findings were significant. Significance for each statistical procedure was set at the .05 level of confidence. In addition, Pearson product-moment correlations were used to test for association among dependent, independent, and selected demographic variables. The results of this study demonstrated that leisure practitioners participate in leisure activity more frequently than the general population group. Leisure educators participate no more frequently than the general population group. No difference in leisure attitude was discernable among the three independent variables. Both leisure educators and practitioners exhibited higher scores of leisure satisfaction than the general population group. However, the general population group was the only independent variable to show a significant relationship between leisure satisfaction and recreation participation. Leisure educators and the general population group had a significant association between leisure attitude and participation whereas the practitioners did not. Significant relationships between leisure attitude and leisure satisfaction were found for all three independent variables. Among the demographic variables, age correlated negatively for both leisure satisfaction and leisure participation within the general population group. Female leisure practitioners indicated higher levels of leisure satisfaction than male counterparts. Level of education related negatively with leisure participation for leisure educators. / Ed. D.

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published_or_final_version / Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

A group of 188 undergraduate students at the University of Arizona read three vignettes depicting a lawyer's performance at trial. The types of cases presented at trial were rape, sex discrimination, family law (divorce and child support), murder, narcotics, contracts, paternity, prostitution, and insanity. Some of the subjects read a case presented by lawyer John McKay, while others read the same case presented by lawyer Joan McKay. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in the perceived effectiveness and credibility of the trial lawyers, with male and female attorneys rated equally competent. The results were most encouraging for women entering the profession of law, and showed that bright undergraduate college freshmen now perceive women attorneys without sexism and with credibility.

Authenticity is a positive psychological construct often described as being true to oneself, and being authentic means displaying behaviour and expressing oneself in a manner that is consistent with the true self. The aim of this research was to explore managerial experiences of authenticity in the workplace. Purposive sampling was used to select five managers to participate in the study. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews and data analysis revealed four main themes and related sub-themes. Key findings include that managers construct authenticity as being true to oneself, and that their authenticity is facilitated by contextually appropriate behaviour, the manifestation of multiple selves and open, structured work environments. Barriers to authenticity include interpersonal judgement, limitations on self-expression, leader power and authority, organisational culture and irregular work practices. Being authentic was found to have a positive impact on intrapersonal and interpersonal relations, whilst inauthentic behaviour had negative consequences at both levels. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2008. ix, 106 leaves / Pharmacists are seen as a trustworthy source of advice and information to many people. Their accessibility, approachability and availability enable them numerous opportunities to offer health education and advice in an informal environment. Patient use of and demand for complementary and alternative practitioners including chiropractors, continues to increase, however there have been no studies to determine the extent of the pharmacists knowledge and perceptions/attitudes towards these alternative practitioners. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine the current perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of selected South African pharmacists with respect to the chiropractic profession. This will provide a basis for future studies, as well as a knowledge base to facilitate greater understanding and co-operation between pharmacists and chiropractors.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between intergroup attitudes and the remembering activity of two culturally different groups of subjects. The theoretical basis of this study is the transactional model as outlined by Meacham (1977). According to this model, the attitudes, memories and the sociocultural background of the rememberer constantly and simultaneously alter one another in a reciprocal fashion. Different sociocultural experiences lead to different attitudes and memories, and any changes brought about in attitudes result in changes in memories and vice versa. To examine this system of relationship, two groups of American and Iranian subjects were recruited. Both groups consisted of 28 university students who were either upper classmen or graduate students. Subjects' initial attitudes toward three sets of attitudinal objects were assessed using a set of 37 Semantic Differential Scales. The three sets of attitudinal objects consisted of peoples and governments of three countries of Iran, Sweden, and the U.S. A week after the inital assessment, the subjects were engaged in a remembering activity which consisted of two tasks. The first task was a free recall task. The subjects were asked to recall, to the best of their abilities, the story of the American hostages in Iran. Following the free recall activity the subjects were given a set of 16 statements, which collectively described the entire hostage event in a concise manner. Each of these statements had four different components which the subjects were asked to mark if they would recognize them. The four components were action, agent, time, and explanation. Immediately after the recall and recognition tasks, the attitudes of the subjects toward the same attitudinal objects were assessed again. The data did not provide any support for the transactional model, but nevertheless revealed some significant differences between the two groups of subjects in regard to some of the attitudinal objects.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration