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No description available.

Les inhibiteurs sélectifs de recapture de la sérotonine (5-HT) (ISRS) bloquent directement le transporteur de la 5-HT (SERT) et stimulent indirectement de multiples auto- et hétérorécepteurs5-HT par l’augmentation de la concentration extracellulaire de 5-HT dans la fente synaptique. Cependant, le rôle des différents récepteurs ainsi que leur interaction dans les effets thérapeutiques des ISRS restent mal connus. Nous avons tenté de les identifier à l'aide de tests neurochimiques (microdialyse intracérébrale in vivo) et électrophysiologiques en utilisant une approche pharmacologique (utilisation de escitalopram, de ligands des récepteurs 5-HT1A/2A) et génétique (utilisation de souris knock-out [KO] SERT, 5-HT1A ou 5-HT2A). Les études neurochimiques et électrophysiologiques révèlent que les auto-(1A) et hétéro-(2A) récepteursagissent de concert pour maintenir une influence inhibitrice sur le système sérotoninergique, en particulier, en réponse au escitalopram : l'absence d'un récepteur est compensée par une régulation de l'autre. Enfin, les souris KO SERT constituent un nouveau modèle pour tester le mécanisme du escitalopram dans l’augmentation des concentrations de noradrénaline (NA). / Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) directly block the 5-HT transporter(SERT) and indirectly stimulate multiple 5-HT (auto- and hetero-) receptors by enhancing itsextracellular levels in the synaptic cleft, although the role of particular receptors as well asinteraction(s) among different receptors in the therapeutic effects of SSRIs is not fullyunderstood. We tried to highlight it using neurochemical (in vivo intracerebral microdialysis) andelectrophysiological tests with a pharmacological (using escitalopram, 5-HT1A/2A receptorsagonists and antagonists) and genetic (using SERT, 5-HT1A ou 5-HT2A receptor knock-out [KO]mice) approaches. Neurochemical and electrophysiological experiments indicated that 5-HT1Aauto- and 5-HT2A hetero-receptors act in concert to maintain an inhibitory influence on theserotonergic system, particularly in response of escitalopram to increased levels of endogenous 5-HT: the absence of one receptor being compensated by an up-regulation of the other. Finally,SERT knockout mice might be a new model to test the mechanism of escitalopram for anincrease of norephedrine (NE) level.

Recently, the medial habenula-interpeduncular (MHb-IPN) axis has been hypothesized to modulate anxiety although neuronal populations and molecular mechanisms regulating affective behaviors in this circuit are unknown. Here we show that MHb cholinergic neuron activity directly regulates anxiety-like behavior. Optogenetic silencing of MHb cholinergic IPN inputs reduced anxiety-like behavior in mice. MHb cholinergic neurons are unique in that they robustly express neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), although their role as autoreceptors in these neurons has not been described. nAChRs are ligand-gated cation channels that are activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), as well as nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco smoke. We expressed novel nAChR subunits that render nAChRs hypersensitive to ACh, ACh detectors, selectively in MHb cholinergic neurons of adult mice. Mice expressing these ACh detectors exhibited increased baseline anxiety-like behavior that was alleviated by blocking the mutant receptors. Under stressful conditions, such as during nicotine withdrawal, nAChRs were functionally upregulated in MHb cholinergic neurons mediating an increase in anxiety-like behavior. Together, these data indicate that MHb cholinergic neurons regulate anxiety via signaling through nicotinic autoreceptors and point toward nAChRs in MHb as molecular targets for novel anxiolytic therapeutics.