Nitrogen-fixation rates were determined by C₂H₂ reduction in intact cores taken from the top 0-1 cm of two soils. The cores were moistened and incubated under varying light (0-88 W•m⁻²) and temperature (7.5- 39.5ºC) conditions at four different times of the year to determine the effects of day temperature, night temperature and light intensity on N₂[C₂H₂]-fixation rates. Multiple regression equations were derived for each season to relate nM C₂H₄ produced with light and temperature. A greater portion of the data was explained by each regression equation when nM C₂H₄•cm⁻² surface area was used as the dependent variable than when nM C₂H₄•g⁻¹ was used. The influence of light was pronounced with increasing light intensities producing increasing N₂[C₂H₂]- fixation rates. Therefore, it was concluded that the fixation was a surface area phenomenon with blue-green algae being responsible for most of the N₂[C₂H₂]-fixation which occurred. The responses of the two soils to light and day temperature varied widely among the four sampling dates indicating that it was not possible to predict amounts of nitrogen fixed annually based on responses at one time of the year. N₂[C₂H₂]-fixation rates did not appear to be related to night temperature or to the abundance of blue-green algae as extimated by the dilution plate method. / Doctor of Philosophy

The feasibility of a geographical information base for supporting industrial forestry operations decisions was investigated by identifying the data needs of the industry, the sources of the data with the data's availability, cost, and media, and the available software which could be used in developing the system. The major data needs are a description of an area by terrain, soils, forest type with growth and removal data, and climatic data. Information on the micro-terrain encountered in an area was often requested by equipment companies. Land and mill managing firms requested soils data of a site quality nature while equipment companies wanted trafficability measurements. Both wanted information describing the local wood using industry by type and size of firm, the raw material{s) procured, production capacity, and product(s). The sources of the data are numerous, and much of the data can be acquired in machine readable form. Soils data presents the largest problem of high cost and time to gather and input, and is not available for many areas. Work on extraction and interpolation of forest survey data is necessary to meet equipment engineering needs. The system is best developed in a modular fashion. Much of the software can be directly purchased. Conscientious efforts must be made to include input from potential users in the development and implementation of the system if it is to succeed. It was concluded that further development should be aimed at the equipment companies where the information base appeared most needed and wanted. / Master of Science

Several physiological systems generally known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior were studied in lines of chickens and quail genetically selected for high (HML) and low (LML) cumulative number of completed matings (CNCM). In the initial experiment, discrete bilateral lesions were stereotaxically placed in the ruber nuclei of LML cocks. Contrary to published results, the LML cocks did not demonstrate an increase in mating behavior, but rather, the lesions caused a significant reduction in mating activity. Body weight and body temperature of the birds were not affected by the lesions, but blood packed cell volumes did increase significantly. In the second experiment, LML cocks, as well as control Athens Canadian Randombred (AC) cocks, were utilized to study the effects of brain serotonin depletion on mating behavior in birds. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was employed for this purpose. Both the LML and the AC birds receiving PCPA showed significantly less mating activity than the birds receiving saline. However, drug toxicity may have influenced the results obtained. The aromatization of androgens to estrogens and the effect on mating behavior was studied in a third experiment utilizing high and low mating line quail. Both testosterone propionate (TP) and estradiol benzoate (EB) precipitated mating behavior in HML quail in two different testing situations, whereas dihydrotestosterone was ineffective in this respect. In the LML quail, only EB was effective in eliciting mating behavior, and then only in the mating situation where aggressive behavior was not prerequisite (i.e. with a female model). This experiment was repeated using replicated selected high and low mating lines of quail and a lower hormone dosage. The LML birds failed to respond to any of the treatments when the hormones were decreased. Birds from both of the replicate HML's responded to testosterone propionate; when presented with live females, but only one of the replicate lines (HML₂) receiving TP responded to the female model. Also, one of the replicate lines (HML₁) receiving EB exhibited mating behavior with live females, but not when exposed to the female model. In the fourth experiment, the effects of exogenous hormones on the testes of the mating line quail was studied. Estradiol benzoate was found to cause complete regression on the gonads, while the administration of testosterone propionate resulted in a partial regression of the gonads. Dihydrotestosterone did not have a significant effect on the weight of the testes, but it did cause a significant increase in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules relative to vehicle controls. In an attempt to increase the accuracy of stereotaxic surgery, the spatial relationships between several external cranial landmarks and brain nuclei were established. The data were employed to develop a multiple regression predictive equation. The utilization of three independent variables (external measurements) in the regression equation was found not to be significantly better than the usage of a single independent variable measurement, earbar-bregma distance. / Ph. D.

General histories give little credence to the utopian side of Lenin's revolutionary thought, especially in relation to his only formal utopian work, State and Revolution. Standard interpretations pass off that work as an "intellectual deviation” resulting from Lenin's "revolutionary fever” of 1917, while offering What Is To Be Done? as the statement of orthodox Leninism. Lenin's utopianism was not, in fact, a temporary aberration but a very real part of his intellectual outlook which had its origins in the simplistic atmosphere of the Ulyanov household. The harsh, uncompromising attitudes expressed in What Is To Be Done? were developed during his brother's trial and execution and during his own arrest and exile. Lenin was attracted to Chernyshevsky and Marx because both expressed his own two-pronged outlook: utopian goals and pragmatic methods. This outlook is revealed in his two best known works What Is To Be Done and State Revolution. The actual role of Lenin's 1917 "revolutionary fever" was not to motivate the writing of State and Revolution but to prompt him to attempt a socialist revolution. It was his ingrained utopianism that caused him to interpret the events of 1917 as a mandate for the ideals expressed in State and Revolution. That utopianism was always a part of Lenin's intellectual outlook, but it was only in 1917 that he found the confidence to give it priority over “pragmatic methods." / Master of Arts

This thesis derives a Probability distribution function which expresses the expected length of discontinuous fiber segments in a uniaxially aligned fiber reinforced composite. The strength of elemental volumes of fiber, used in this derivation are inferred from 1ength versus strength tests.on individual fibers. The fibers are assumed to have statistically distributed flaws that allow characterization of fiber strength by a Weibull type equation. The probability distribution function is then used to compute the average fiber stress at composite failure. This allows calculation of composite strength by the well known law of mixtures. Composite strength determined by this method show good correlation with published experimental values for glass fiber composites. / Master of Science

1-Methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (TMMP) is a neurotoxic analog of the parkinsonian inducing agent MPTP. TMMP and its putative metabolites 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydropyridinium (MMDP+) and 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridinium (MMP+) were synthesized and fully characterized. Substrate/inactivation properties of TMMP and its analog N-propargyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine with MAO-B were investigated. Kinetic data was obtained, including Km and Vmax for TMMP as an MAO-B substrate, and KI and kinact values for N-propargyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The metabolic studies of TMMP and MMDP+ were conducted with an HPLC diode array assay. Both in-vivo and in-vitro metabolic studies showed that TMMP is oxidized to its dihydropyridinium species (MMDP+) in a reaction catalyzed by MAO-B. MMDP+ undergoes autoxidation to form the pyridinium species (MMP+), the mechanism of this conversion is not clear. In-vitro studies show that MAO-B is not responsible for this conversion and the oxidation of MMDP+ to MMP+ is likely to be enzyme catalyzed. Toxicity investigations include dopamine depletion studies of TMMP and MMDP+, mitochondrial respiration and microdialysis studies of MMDP+ and MMP+. The above studies show that TMMP is an MPTP-type neurotoxin. / Master of Science

The mutual admittance between two waveguide-fed apertures radiating into a multilayered region is expressed as a double integral of a combination of the Fourier transforms of the respective aperture electric fields and the solutions to a set of transformed wave equations for the layered region. The result is an expression which is stationary about variations in the assumed aperture electric field distributions. The special case of two circular apertures whose electric field distributions are assumed to be the same as the TE_mn and TM_mn circular waveguide modes is analyzed in detail. In this case, the admittance expression can be reduced to a single integral which simplifies the numerical calculation. A computer program was written which can include up to four external layers, two of which may be inhomogeneous normal to the aperture plane. Numerical results for the mutual coupling between two circular apertures with TE₁₁ mode excitation agree very well with measurements for both free space and one homogeneous dielectric layer. Numerical results are compared with measurements of two circular apertures in a 12 inch by 24 inch flat plate for various combinations of frequency, polarization, and spacing in order to verify all aspects of the solution. It was noted that in some cases, the diffractions from the edges of the ground plane caused some appreciable variations in the measured data, although the measurements in all cases tended to scatter about the calculated values. A numerical study was performed in order to determine the effect of higher order TE_mn and TM_mn modes upon the TE₁₁ mode coupling of two circular apertures radiating into free space. The only noticeable effect was a change in the phase of the coupling coefficient when the TM₁₁ mode was included in the calculations. A study of the effects of array size upon the performance of a triangular grid arrangement of circular apertures indicated that the elements near the center of a large phased array have similar radiation characteristics to those of an infinite array, except near the scan angle at which the"blind spot" occurs. At this angle, the reflection coefficient of the center element of the finite array exhibited a sharp peak, but not total reflection as in the infinite array. Also major differences were observed between the reflection coefficients of the center element and the edge elements of the finite array as a function of beam scan. / Ph. D.

A method of reducing congestion is to reduce the demand by providing the road network users with accurate and reliable travel time information for their pretrip planning and enroute guidance, and/or attracting more people to the public transit. For this purpose, this research concenturates on using Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) system equipped bus as a probe vehicle for estimating bus arrival times and auto travel times. Since many transit organizations throughout the North America are currently operating these AVL buses on their bus routes, in a sense, existing AVL bus would be the most cost-effective traffic probe which can be utilized for data collection in the proactive mode. Therefore, the goals of this research are to enhance the current use of AVL systems by introducing a new module to estimate bus arrival time information for transit travelers, and use AVL systems-equipped bus as a probe vehicle to estimate the nontransit travel time for auto travelers. / Ph. D.