Ph. D.

Location of Area: The New Castle area is located in the northeastern half of Craig County, Virginia, in the Valley and Ridge Province. The northwestern corner of the area is 4.5 miles from the Virginia-West Virginia border (fig. 1). The map area is rectangular and encompasses approximately 45 square miles. It is bounded by latitudes 37° 25' 50" N. and 37° 31' 30" N., and longitudes 80° 05' 00“ W. and 80° 12' 30" W. Purpose of the Investigation: The investigation included: 1) Preparation of a geologic map and crosssections; 2) The study and descriptions of the rock formations, with detailed measurements of several stratigraphic sections; 3) An analysis of the geologic structure, and; 4) An interpretation of the geologic history of the area. Methods of Study: Geologic mapping of the area on a scale of 1:24,000 was carried out from June 1966 to April 1967. The field data were recorded on a composite map of portions of the Catawba, Virginia and Looney, Virginia, 7%-minute quadrangles and southern sections of the 15-minute New Castle, Virginia quadrangle advance sheets. The northern portion of the area, recorded on the advance New Castle sheets, has a contour interval of 40 feet whereas the southern portion, recorded on the Catawba and Looney quadrangles, has a contour interval of 20 feet. As much use as possible was made of United States Geological Survey aerial photographs at scales of 1:27,120. Owing to the lack of distinctive lithologic horizons the structure of the Middle Devonian shales was not mapped in detail. / Master of Science

Procedures are described for the routine analysis of amines and other compounds produced in bacterial cultures. Whole cultures were grown in six mls of chopped meat-glucose medium, acidified, and extracted with ethyl ether or chloroform to obtain organic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and other neutral compounds. The residual broth was then made basic and extracted with chloroform to obtain the amines. For chromatographic analyses, alcohols and amines were converted to trifluoroacetyl derivatives. Organic acids were converted to their methyl esters. Analyses were made by a temperature- programmed gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detectors. Sixty-two strains of clostridia, representing 13 species, were analyzed for soluble products in whole cultures. Many amines were found and total amine concentrations exceed 0.5% (weight) in cultures of several species examined. Neutral products were found to be major products of several species. Alcohols both short and long chain were detected and were valuable in differentiation of some groups of clostridia. The 13 species were grouped as follows: on the basis of fatty acids and neutral products, 7 groups; on the basis of amine products, 10 groups; on the basis of alcohol and neutral products, 12 groups; and on the basis of amine, alcohol, and neutral products, 13 groups. / Ph. D.

From the case studies presented, one could conclude that for large values of n the standard deviation of r, the usual estimator of the correlation coefficient, and its transform z are only negligibly affected by variation in skewness or variation in kurtosis, the effect being slightly greater for variation in kurtosis. When the variations are in both skewness and kurtosis, the standard deviation of r and of Z are more affected by non-normality, a few significantly so. In small samples (n=10, n=5) the standard deviations of r and,z are quite visibly larger for variations in skewness and variations in kurtosis. The effect is greater for the simultaneous variation of the two. However, all of the values fall within a 95% confidence interval. It would appear then that the increase in the standard deviation of rand z is due more to the natural rise of the standard deviation in small samples rather than to non-normality. Viewing the studies made in totality we may in final conclusion state that the effect of non-normality on the standard deviation of r for samples of any size is not significant enough for concern; i.e., from this Monte Carlo study we will state that the standard deviation of the sample correlation coefficient is robust to the assumption of normality. / Master of Science

The method of spin projection was examined by developing and applying computer programs to calculate projected semi-empirical and ab initio unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) wavefunctions. The electronic spectra of naphthalene, anthracene, naphthacene and pentacene were calculated using the Pariser-Pople-Parr (PPP) Π-electron approximations and both UHF and configurational interaction (CI) techniques. The results of both techniques were compared with experimentally determined spectra with reasonable agreement between the CI and projected UHF results. While the CI calculations generally produced lower energies for the triplet states than the UHF calculations, the spectra from UHF calculations were in somewhat better agreement with experiment. Anomalies encountered with degeneracies and the presence of open shell ground states are also discussed. The geometry of monohomocyclooctatetraene anion radical (MHCOT) was studied using spin projection of the UHF INDO wavefunction. The theoretical molecular geometry was varied until the experimental hyperfine coupling constants matched hyperfine constants obtained from using both projected and unprojected UHF wavefunctions. The two types of calculations resulted in slightly different energies and geometries with the projected calculations giving a higher energy for the doublet state; essentially no differences were noted in the bond orders obtained from the two types of calculations. The geometry from the projected calculations was a somewhat more strained conformation than the geometry from the unprojected calculation. Ab initio UHF calculations with spin projection were performed on H₂O(+) to compare the energies of pure spin states from ab initio multiconfigurational self-consistent field with CI. (MCSCF/CI) with those from spin projection. The MCSCF/CI calculations are superior to the UHF plus spin projection calculations. This result will always be observed when the UHF wavefunction is very close to a pure spin state before spin projection. The dissociation of CF₂O was studied using ab initio wavefunctions. The energies of the unprojected UHF wavefunctions were examined along with those for the dissociated CF₂ + O fragments. Good agreement exists between the calculated and experimental vertical ionization potentials for CF₂0 at the equilibrium geometry. / Doctor of Philosophy

Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey, and Rhizopus nigricans Erh., the causal organisms of brown rot and Rhizopus rot, respectively, have long been recognized as the two major causes of post-harvest rots on peach and nectarine fruits. Fruit losses of as much as 50% may occur during storage, transport, and marketing from these two diseases if effective fungicide treatments are not used. Application of fungicide suspensions as post-harvest dips have been reported to reduce losses from post-harvest rots considerably, however, more effective treatments are needed. Tests were made of three fungicides: benomyl [methyl-l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate], Topsin-M [dimethyl-4,4'-ophenelenebis (3-thioallophanate) , and Botran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroanaline) against the two post-harvest rot fungi, M. fructicola and R. nigricans, on peach and nectarine fruits and in vitro. Fruits were inoculated with an equal concentration of spores of both fungi, then treated, by dipping in the different fungicide suspensions at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hour intervals after inoculation. Three concentrations of benomyl or Topsin-M (300, 450, and 600 ~g/ml) were used in combination with corresponding concentrations of Botran (600" 900, and 1200 Ug/ml). Number of decayed fruits increased with time of treatment after inoculation up to 8 hours then leveled off. Lesion progression, however, was slower with all fungicide treatments as compared to those of the untreated check fruit. Percent of decayed fruit remained lower when treatments were applied within 4 hours after inoculation. Later application times were ineffective and fruits showed approximately the same level of infection as controls. Treated nectarines appeared to be more susceptible to the post harvest rots than peaches. This may be due to lower residues of the chemicals remaining on the smooth skinned fruit. Benomyl and Topsin-M were fungitoxic to M. fructicola in vitro but neither was effective against R. nigricans. Botran alone was fungistatic to both R. nigricans and M. fructicola, but often lost effectiveness after 96 hours. Combinations of benomyl plus Botran, or Topsin-M plus Botran, were fungitoxic to M. fructicola and fungistatic to R. nigricans. Botran alone and Botran in combination with benomyl or Topsin-M inhibited germination of M. fructicola and R. nigricans spores more effectively than benomyl or Topsin-M alone. There were no major significant differences in control provided by treatments containing benomyl or Topsin-M. Treatments using Botran with benomyl or Topsin-M did not effectively control post harvest rot when applied later than 4 hours after inoculation. In vitro tests, however, indicated either a synergistic or additive effect of the fungicide combinations against R. nigricans. / Master of Science

On the most basic level, this project fulfills the requirements of a firestation. Elevated to another level, it represents an exploration into the differentiation of things. Geometry gives a formal order, material gives an appreciation of reality. With these, opportunities are created for a richness in architecture; places for man and for machine, places for one and for many. That which is permanent and that which is not. That which knows the earth and that which knows the sky. That which makes us question and that which does not. / Master of Architecture

In 1972, an instructional television (lTV) course entitled Clothing and Man was formulated by the Clothing, Textiles and Related Art Department in cooperation with the Learning Resources Center at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Discussion groups and a course outline were developed to aid students in learning the required subject matter presented by the lTV lectures. Through these components, and others such as the course syllabus, stated objectives, slides, and textbooks, a systems approach to lTV has been developed. As a component part of a system in this form of educational technology, instructional television is more likely to be an efficient tool for learning. lTV has worked best when it was used as an integral part of the learning activities (Chu & Schramm, 1967; Diamond, 1964). An orientation to learning with television lecture (Hutchinson, 1973) was developed specifically for the course to aid students in studying the subject matter. In the present format of the course, the orientation lecture precedes the presentation of the television lectures. / Master of Science