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La technique d’introgression par backcross est utilisée dans les programmes de sélection pour introduire des facteurs de résistance issus de Muscadinia rotundifolia chez la vigne cultivée, Vitis vinifera, tout en éliminant ses défauts culturaux et organoleptiques. Cependant, les croisements entre les deux espèces sont difficiles. C’est pourquoi il est nécessaire d’identifier (1) les caractéristiques génomiques limitant les croisements entre les deux espèces, (2) les caractères spécifiques de M. rotundifolia à éliminer. Pour cela, la morphologie, la phénologie et les métabolites secondaires des feuilles et des baies de chaque espèce ont été comparés pour identifier les caractères spécifiques de M. rotundifolia. Des cartes génétiques à haute-densité ont été établies pour trois populations de différents niveaux de pseudo-backcross et l’origine de chaque segment chromosomique a été déterminée. Les variations du taux de recombinaison le long des chromosomes et le déterminisme génétique des caractères spécifiques de M. rotundifolia ont été étudiés. / Backcross-based introgression has been used in French breeding programmes to transfer resistance factors from Muscadinia rotundifolia into cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera while eliminating the unwanted cultural traits and off-flavours. However, crosses between the two species have a low success rate. In this context, it is essential to identify (1) the genomic features that impede crosses between the two species, (2) the traits specific to M. rotundifolia that have to be eliminated during crosses. To this end, morphology, phenology and metabolites of leaves and berries were compared in accessions of both species to identify traits specific to M. rotundifolia. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to establish high-density genetic linkage maps of three mapping populations generated by pseudo-backcrosses and to determine the origin of each segment of the chromosomes. These maps were used to study variation of recombination rate along the chromosomes and to establish the genetic determinism of the traits specific to M. rotundifolia.

L'objectif de la thèse est de caractériser la variabilité génétique de la tolérance à la chaleur chez le porc P.n r.roissance.Dans un premier temps, l'effet de deux envîrnnnements climatiques (tempéré, TEMP vs. tropical humide, TROP) sur les performances de production et les réponses thermorégulatrices des porcs en croissance a été évalué.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons caractérisé le déterminisme génétique de l'adaptation à la chaleur chez le porc en croissance.Les 2 analyses ont permis de proposer des régions qui affectent significativement: les caractères de croissance, l'ingestion, l'efficacité alimentaire, l'épaisseur de lard et les caractères de réponse de thermorégulation sur le chromosome sur SSC 2, 5, 8, 10, 11 et 15. Les mutations des gènes MC4R et IGF2 semblent avoir un effet sur les températures corporelles. Des interactions entre ces mutations et des ré ions sur le énome ont été détectées. / The aim of the thesis is to characterize the genetic variability of heat tolerance in pork P.ngrowth.Initially, the effect of two climatic events (temperate, TEMP vs. tropical moist, TROP) on production performance and thermoregulatory responses of growing pigs was evaluated.In a second step, we characterized the genetic determinism of heat adaptation in growing pigs.The two analyzes made it possible to propose regions that significantly affect: growth characteristics, ingestion, feed efficiency, blubber thickness and thermoregulatory response characteristics on the chromosome on SSC 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, and 15. Mutations in the MC4R and IGF2 genes appear to have an effect on body temperatures. Interactions between these mutations and ions on the enome have been detected.

Existem poucas informações sobre o uso do método do retrocruzamento visando o melhoramento de caracteres quantitativos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de uma geração de retrocruzamento para o desenvolvimento de linhagens superiores em soja, a partir de um cruzamento biparental. Para isso, foram utilizados como genitores os cultivares BRS-134 e EMGOPA-315, sendo este utilizado como genitor recorrente por ser mais produtivo, mais alto e mais tardio. Foram avaliadas experimentalmente 100 progênies F2:4 e 100 progênies RC1F3, em três ambientes (combinação de locais e anos): área experimental do Departamento de Genética da ESALQ/USP e Estação Experimental Anhumas, ambas localizadas em Piracicaba, SP, utilizando o delineamento látice simples duplicado 10x10 (quatro repetições) e parcelas lineares de 2 m com espaçamento de 0,5 m, contendo 30 plantas após o desbaste. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento (DF), altura das plantas no florescimento (AF), número de dias para a maturação (DM), altura das plantas na maturação (AM), acamamento (AC) e produção de grãos (PG). Para todos os caracteres foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: média geral ( 2:4 F e 1 3 RC F ), amplitude de variação das médias das progênies ( 2 4 F : D e 1 3 DRC F ), variância genética entre progênies ( 2 p ^ ), variância fenotípica entre médias de progênies (2 F ^ ), coeficiente de herdabilidade entre médias de progênies (h2%) x ^ e resposta esperada com seleção (Rs), para as progênies F2:4 e RC1F3. Para todos os caracteres, a média geral foi superior para as progênies RC1F3, conforme o esperado. Entretanto, para PG e AF, as variâncias genéticas foram maiores para as progênies RC1F3, bem como as amplitudes de variação das médias, o que não era esperado com base em um modelo de um loco. Para DF também houve um pequeno aumento na variância genética, embora não significativo, enquanto para DM, AM e AC a variância genética foi maior nas progênies F2:4. Devido a isso, o coeficiente de herdabilidade entre médias de progênies retrocruzadas também foi maior para PG, bem como a resposta esperada com seleção. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam, portanto, que uma geração de retrocruzamento para o genitor mais produtivo pode ser uma boa estratégia para melhorar a eficiência da seleção para produção de grãos em soja. / There is little information on using the backcross method for the improvement of quantitative traits in soybeans. This work was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of a generation of backcrossing for the development of superior soybean lines, in a population derived of a two-way cross. The cultivars BRS-134 and EMGOPA-315 were used as parents, where the last one was used as recurrent parent for being higher yielding, taller and later. One hundred F2:4 progenies and one-hundred RC1F3 progenies were evaluated in three environments (combination of locations and years): experimental area of the Department of Genetics at ESALQ/USP and Anhumas Experimental Station, both located in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, using a simple 10x10 lattice design twice (four replications). Plots consisted of 2 meter long spaced by 0.5 meter, with 30 plants after thinning. The following traits were evaluated: number of days to flowering (DF), plant height at flowering (AF), number of days to maturity (DM), plant height at maturity (AM), lodging (AC) and grain yield (PG). The following parameters were estimated for both, F2:4 and RC1F3 progenies: general mean ( 2:4 F and 1 3 RC F ), amplitude of the individual progeny means ( 2 4 F : D and 1 3 DRC F ), genetic variance among progenies ( 2 p ^ ), phenotypic variance on a progeny mean basis (2 F ^ ), heritability coefficient on a progeny mean basis (h2%) x ^ and expected response to selection (Rs). For all traits general mean was higher for RC1F3 progenies, as expected. However, for PG and AF, genetic variances were higher for RC1F3 progenies, as well as the amplitude of individual progeny means, which are not expected, based on a onelocus model. For DF, there was also a small increase in genetic variance, although not significant, while for DM, AM and AC genetic variances were higher for F2:4 progenies. Consequently, heritability based on a progeny mean basis was higher for PG in the backcross population, as well as the expected response to selection. General results indicate that one generation of backcross for the higher yielding parent could be a good strategy to improve the efficiency of selection for grain yield in soybeans.

Existem poucas informações sobre o uso do método do retrocruzamento visando o melhoramento de caracteres quantitativos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de uma geração de retrocruzamento para o desenvolvimento de linhagens superiores em soja, a partir de um cruzamento biparental. Para isso, foram utilizados como genitores os cultivares BRS-134 e EMGOPA-315, sendo este utilizado como genitor recorrente por ser mais produtivo, mais alto e mais tardio. Foram avaliadas experimentalmente 100 progênies F2:4 e 100 progênies RC1F3, em três ambientes (combinação de locais e anos): área experimental do Departamento de Genética da ESALQ/USP e Estação Experimental Anhumas, ambas localizadas em Piracicaba, SP, utilizando o delineamento látice simples duplicado 10x10 (quatro repetições) e parcelas lineares de 2 m com espaçamento de 0,5 m, contendo 30 plantas após o desbaste. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento (DF), altura das plantas no florescimento (AF), número de dias para a maturação (DM), altura das plantas na maturação (AM), acamamento (AC) e produção de grãos (PG). Para todos os caracteres foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: média geral ( 2:4 F e 1 3 RC F ), amplitude de variação das médias das progênies ( 2 4 F : D e 1 3 DRC F ), variância genética entre progênies ( 2 p ^ ), variância fenotípica entre médias de progênies (2 F ^ ), coeficiente de herdabilidade entre médias de progênies (h2%) x ^ e resposta esperada com seleção (Rs), para as progênies F2:4 e RC1F3. Para todos os caracteres, a média geral foi superior para as progênies RC1F3, conforme o esperado. Entretanto, para PG e AF, as variâncias genéticas foram maiores para as progênies RC1F3, bem como as amplitudes de variação das médias, o que não era esperado com base em um modelo de um loco. Para DF também houve um pequeno aumento na variância genética, embora não significativo, enquanto para DM, AM e AC a variância genética foi maior nas progênies F2:4. Devido a isso, o coeficiente de herdabilidade entre médias de progênies retrocruzadas também foi maior para PG, bem como a resposta esperada com seleção. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam, portanto, que uma geração de retrocruzamento para o genitor mais produtivo pode ser uma boa estratégia para melhorar a eficiência da seleção para produção de grãos em soja. / There is little information on using the backcross method for the improvement of quantitative traits in soybeans. This work was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of a generation of backcrossing for the development of superior soybean lines, in a population derived of a two-way cross. The cultivars BRS-134 and EMGOPA-315 were used as parents, where the last one was used as recurrent parent for being higher yielding, taller and later. One hundred F2:4 progenies and one-hundred RC1F3 progenies were evaluated in three environments (combination of locations and years): experimental area of the Department of Genetics at ESALQ/USP and Anhumas Experimental Station, both located in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, using a simple 10x10 lattice design twice (four replications). Plots consisted of 2 meter long spaced by 0.5 meter, with 30 plants after thinning. The following traits were evaluated: number of days to flowering (DF), plant height at flowering (AF), number of days to maturity (DM), plant height at maturity (AM), lodging (AC) and grain yield (PG). The following parameters were estimated for both, F2:4 and RC1F3 progenies: general mean ( 2:4 F and 1 3 RC F ), amplitude of the individual progeny means ( 2 4 F : D and 1 3 DRC F ), genetic variance among progenies ( 2 p ^ ), phenotypic variance on a progeny mean basis (2 F ^ ), heritability coefficient on a progeny mean basis (h2%) x ^ and expected response to selection (Rs). For all traits general mean was higher for RC1F3 progenies, as expected. However, for PG and AF, genetic variances were higher for RC1F3 progenies, as well as the amplitude of individual progeny means, which are not expected, based on a onelocus model. For DF, there was also a small increase in genetic variance, although not significant, while for DM, AM and AC genetic variances were higher for F2:4 progenies. Consequently, heritability based on a progeny mean basis was higher for PG in the backcross population, as well as the expected response to selection. General results indicate that one generation of backcross for the higher yielding parent could be a good strategy to improve the efficiency of selection for grain yield in soybeans.

Existem poucas informações sobre o uso de intercruzamentos em populações de soja derivadas de retrocruzamento. Os objetivos deste trabalho compreendem a avaliação dos efeitos de uma geração de intercruzamentos nas médias, distribuição de frequências, variâncias genéticas e respostas à seleção em uma população de retrocruzamento de soja. A população básica foi derivada de um cruzamento simples entre duas linhagens contrastantes para a produção de grãos, seguido de um retrocruzamento para a linhagem mais produtiva. Cento e dezessete progênies derivadas da população não intercruzada (progênies RC1F2) e cento e dezoito progênies derivadas da população intercruzada (progênies RC1#F2) foram avaliadas no ano agrícola de 2008/09 na Estação Experimental de Anhumas, do Departamento de Genética da ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba, SP, em dois experimentos em látice quadruplo 11x11 (quatro repetições). As parcelas foram constituídas de linhas de 2 m, espaçadas de 0,5 m, contendo 30 plantas após o desbaste. Estas foram colhidas em bulk (que correspondem às gerações RC1F3 e RC1#F3) e avaliadas novamente no ano agrícola 2010/11, utilizando o mesmo delineamento experimental, tipo de parcela e local. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: número de dias para florescimento (DF), altura da planta no florescimento (AF), número de dias para maturação (DM), altura da planta na maturação (AM) e produção de grãos (PG). Para os dois tipos de populações, RC1 e RC1#, foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: média geral, amplitude de variação, distribuição das frequências, variância genética entre progênies (σ2p), variância aditiva (σ2A), variância fenotípica entre médias de progênies (σ2F), e resposta esperada com seleção (Rs). As médias foram similares para a maioria dos caracteres entre as populações RC1 e RC1# dentro de cada ano. Entretanto, houve um acréscimo das variâncias genéticas na população intercruzada para a maioria dos caracteres, o que era esperado com base em um modelo de um loco com dois alelos. Consequentemente, a resposta esperada com seleção para PG foi 39% maior, em média, para as populações intercruzadas (RC1#F2 e RC1#F3). Estes resultados indicam que uma geração de intercruzamento após o retrocruzamento é importante em programas de melhoramento genético de soja. / There is limited information on using random mating after backcrossing in soybeans. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of one generation of random mating after backcrossing on the means, frequency distributions, genetic variances and responses to selection in a soybean population. The basic population was derived from a two-way cross between two inbred lines contrasting for grain yield and backcrossed to the higher yielding one. One hundred and seventeen progenies derived from a not random-mated backcross population (RC1F2 progenies) and one hundred and eighteen progenies derived from a random-mated backcross population (RC1#F2 progenies) were evaluated in the 2008/09 growing season at Anhumas Experimental Station, of the Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP, located in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Evaluation trials were carried out using an 11x11 quadruple lattice design (four replications). Plots consisted of 2 m rows spaced by 0.5 m, with 30 plants after thinning. The entries were harvested in bulks (which correspond to RC1F3 and RC1#F3 progenies) and evaluated again in the 2010/11 growing season, using the same experimental design, plot size and location. The following traits were recorded: number of days to flowering (DF), plant height at flowering (AF), number of days to maturity (DM), plant height at maturity (AM), and grain yield (PG). The following parameters were estimated for both RC1 and RC1#: general mean, amplitude of variation, frequency distribution, genetic variance among progenies (σ2p), additive variance (σ2A), phenotypic variance on a progeny mean basis (σ2F), and expected response to selection (Rs). For most traits general means were similar for RC1 and RC1# populations within years. However, genetic variances increased after one generation of random mating, for most traits, which was expected based on a one-locus two-alleles model. Thus, expected response to selection on a progeny mean basis for grain yield (PG) was 39% higher, on average, for the random-mated populations (RC1#F2 and RC1#F3). Overall, the results indicate that one generation of random mating before selfing in backcross population is useful in soybean breeding programs.

Synthetic hexaploid wheats, created from a durum (Triticum durum) cross to Aegilops tauschii Coss. (McFadden and Sears, 1946), proved to be an efficient and beneficial source of new genes for common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential and performance of synthetic wheat in Texas. Ten elite primary synthetics from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), screened for desirable traits, were backcrossed to two Texas cultivars, TAM 111 and TAM 112. Populations were bulked and modified bulked to advance generations. Agronomic traits related to yield were determined on the F4 and F5 Improvement was observed in South Texas and the Blacklands, which have more disease pressure and fewer intermittent dry spells than another two locations at Chillicothe and Bushland in Texas Rolling and High Plains, respectively. Selected bulks were not superior to non-selected bulks. Head number per unit area had the highest correlation with yield and seed weight was the most heritable trait. Synthetic lines combined better with TAM 111 than TAM 112 in high yielding environments. populations across five Texas locations. Similar to crosses with spring wheat, synthetics contributed to yield through an increase in seed weight. Synthetic populations that produced higher grain yield than both TAM 111 and TAM 112 were able to maintain their large seed size and weight while improving their seed per head and head number traits. Poorer performance in environments with harsh winters could be due to a lack of winter-hardiness in the primary synthetics. This clearly demonstrates that improving yield, through utilization of common wheat by synthetic crosses, could result from selecting for larger seed per head and heads per unit area in lines driven from these populations. Introgression of new genes through synthetic backcrosses could contribute to the improvement of wheat in particular regions of Texas. Primary synthetics and recurrent parents combining for superior hybrids were identified.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein.(Petch)], is recognized as one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide. Breeding for FHB resistance must be accompanied by selection for desirable agronomic traits. Donor parents with two FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) Fhb1 (chromosome 3BS) and QFhs.nau-2DL (chromosome 2DL) were crossed to four adapted SRW wheat lines to generate backcross and forward cross progeny. F2 individuals were genotyped and assigned to 4 different groups according to presence/ absence of one or both QTL. The effectiveness of these QTL in reducing FHB in F2 derived lines was assessed in a misted, inoculated scab nursery. Resistance alleles and the interaction among FHB resistance QTL have distinct behavior in different genetic backgrounds in wheat. Fhb1 showed an average disease reduction of 12%, however it did not result in significant improvement of FHB resistance in all populations. In general, for the four backgrounds studied, the QFhs.nau-2DL QTL as more effective reducing FHB (19% average reduction). The combination of Fhb1 and QFhs.nau-2DL is not necessary, but recommended and it improved resistance in all populations. Backcross derived (BC) progeny from four genetic backgrounds were planted in replicated plots (2011 and 2012) and in the scab nursery in 2012. Population 2 had its progeny characterized by 961 DArT markers distributed throughout the genome. Several high-quality polymorphic markers were identified and listed as good predictors of phenotypic traits like disease resistance, and improved agronomic and quality characteristics. Backcross and forward cross derived progenies were tested for FHB resistance and agronomic and baking quality performance for 4 different populations sharing the same donor parent for resistance QTL. The results confirmed that F2 populations were effective indicators of expression levels of QTL prior to extensive backcrossing. The QTL Fhb1 and QFhs.nau-2DL increased FHB resistance without detriments on agronomic and quality traits on wheat populations investigated. BC populations were assessed as breeding populations and established as being rewarding tools for derivation of inbred lines in a breeding program, being BC2 the most recommended from our results.

Existem poucas informações sobre o uso de intercruzamentos em populações de soja derivadas de retrocruzamento. Os objetivos deste trabalho compreendem a avaliação dos efeitos de uma geração de intercruzamentos nas médias, distribuição de frequências, variâncias genéticas e respostas à seleção em uma população de retrocruzamento de soja. A população básica foi derivada de um cruzamento simples entre duas linhagens contrastantes para a produção de grãos, seguido de um retrocruzamento para a linhagem mais produtiva. Cento e dezessete progênies derivadas da população não intercruzada (progênies RC1F2) e cento e dezoito progênies derivadas da população intercruzada (progênies RC1#F2) foram avaliadas no ano agrícola de 2008/09 na Estação Experimental de Anhumas, do Departamento de Genética da ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba, SP, em dois experimentos em látice quadruplo 11x11 (quatro repetições). As parcelas foram constituídas de linhas de 2 m, espaçadas de 0,5 m, contendo 30 plantas após o desbaste. Estas foram colhidas em bulk (que correspondem às gerações RC1F3 e RC1#F3) e avaliadas novamente no ano agrícola 2010/11, utilizando o mesmo delineamento experimental, tipo de parcela e local. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: número de dias para florescimento (DF), altura da planta no florescimento (AF), número de dias para maturação (DM), altura da planta na maturação (AM) e produção de grãos (PG). Para os dois tipos de populações, RC1 e RC1#, foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: média geral, amplitude de variação, distribuição das frequências, variância genética entre progênies (σ2p), variância aditiva (σ2A), variância fenotípica entre médias de progênies (σ2F), e resposta esperada com seleção (Rs). As médias foram similares para a maioria dos caracteres entre as populações RC1 e RC1# dentro de cada ano. Entretanto, houve um acréscimo das variâncias genéticas na população intercruzada para a maioria dos caracteres, o que era esperado com base em um modelo de um loco com dois alelos. Consequentemente, a resposta esperada com seleção para PG foi 39% maior, em média, para as populações intercruzadas (RC1#F2 e RC1#F3). Estes resultados indicam que uma geração de intercruzamento após o retrocruzamento é importante em programas de melhoramento genético de soja. / There is limited information on using random mating after backcrossing in soybeans. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of one generation of random mating after backcrossing on the means, frequency distributions, genetic variances and responses to selection in a soybean population. The basic population was derived from a two-way cross between two inbred lines contrasting for grain yield and backcrossed to the higher yielding one. One hundred and seventeen progenies derived from a not random-mated backcross population (RC1F2 progenies) and one hundred and eighteen progenies derived from a random-mated backcross population (RC1#F2 progenies) were evaluated in the 2008/09 growing season at Anhumas Experimental Station, of the Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP, located in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Evaluation trials were carried out using an 11x11 quadruple lattice design (four replications). Plots consisted of 2 m rows spaced by 0.5 m, with 30 plants after thinning. The entries were harvested in bulks (which correspond to RC1F3 and RC1#F3 progenies) and evaluated again in the 2010/11 growing season, using the same experimental design, plot size and location. The following traits were recorded: number of days to flowering (DF), plant height at flowering (AF), number of days to maturity (DM), plant height at maturity (AM), and grain yield (PG). The following parameters were estimated for both RC1 and RC1#: general mean, amplitude of variation, frequency distribution, genetic variance among progenies (σ2p), additive variance (σ2A), phenotypic variance on a progeny mean basis (σ2F), and expected response to selection (Rs). For most traits general means were similar for RC1 and RC1# populations within years. However, genetic variances increased after one generation of random mating, for most traits, which was expected based on a one-locus two-alleles model. Thus, expected response to selection on a progeny mean basis for grain yield (PG) was 39% higher, on average, for the random-mated populations (RC1#F2 and RC1#F3). Overall, the results indicate that one generation of random mating before selfing in backcross population is useful in soybean breeding programs.

As espécies selvagens relacionadas ao tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Syn. Solanum lycopersicum L) em latitudes do Sul do Equador ao norte do Chile. Estas condições ambientais contrastantes possibilitaram o aparecimento de grande diversidade genética dentre estas espécies. Lycopersicon cheesmanii f .minor (Hook.f.) C. H. Hill. Syn. Solanum galapagense S. Darwin & Peralta é endêmica das Ilhas Galápagos e possui características peculiares, como porte reduzido, dormência de sementes e folhas bastante recortadas. Estas características também estão presentes em mutantes de tomateiro com deficiência no hormônio giberelina (GA). Mutações em GA como gib1, gib2, gib3 (deficientes) e procera (resposta constitutiva) são amplamente conhecidas em tomateiro. Já os alelos Sp (Self Pruning) e Pts (Petroselinum), presentes em S. galapagense, alteram altura e recorte foliar, respectivamente. Visando entender a natureza destas variações genéticas naturais, foram feitos cruzamentos e retrocruzamentos sucessivos de S. galapagense com a cultivar miniatura de tomateiro Micro-Tom (MT), onde tentou se isolar plantas segregando para características presentes no parental selvagem (dormência, nanismo e maior recorte foliar). Na geração BC1F2 foram selecionados indivíduos com porte menor que MT e folhas com bordos muito recortados. Sementes BC1F3 apresentaram taxa de germinação de 47,6 %, contrastando com o valor 94,5 % apresentado por MT. Entretanto, após aplicação de 100 µM de GA3 a taxa de germinação de BC1F3 foi elevada para 72 %. Em análise de curvas de dose-resposta a GA, as plantas BC1F3 apresentaram menor porte que MT, sendo que este nanismo não foi completamente revertido aplicando-se GA. Em gerações avançadas de retrocruzamentos, constatou-se que a dormência de sementes foi perdida durante as introgressões. Tal constatação leva a crer que o principal componente da dormência de S. galapagense não está ligado ou é efeito pleiotrópico dos genes que respondem pelo seu nanismo ou recorte foliar. A análise de segregação de 278 plantas BC4F2 mostrou que o principal componente do nanismo de S. galapagense segrega na proporção 3:1, sendo a mutação recessiva presente em S. galapagense denominada galapagos dwarf (gdw). Plantas quase isogênicas a MT (geração BC6Fn) foram obtidas carregando os alelos Pts, Sp e gdw. Experimentos comparando-as com MT confirmaram que o alelo Pts aumenta pronunciadamente o recorte foliar de tomateiro e diminui ligeiramente a germinação e o porte das plantas. Tal observação está de acordo com a descoberta recente de que PTS codifica para um gene da classe KNOX, que podem estar envolvidos com GA. Em cominação com Pts, esse alelo parece ter efeito discreto no recorte foliar, mas somente em combinação com Pts. Surpreendentemente, sementes Sp tiveram germinação precoce, comparadas com MT (sp). Já o alelo gdw não mostrou ter efeito na germinação, mas confirmou afetar a altura e o recorte foliar. Esses resultados evidenciam que porte reduzido e folhas bastante recortadas de S. galapagense podem ser atribuídos principalmente a gdw e Pts. A dormência parece ser controlada por outro(s) gene(s) ainda desconhecido(s). Como o novo gene descoberto, GDW, não afeta a germinação, é pouco provável que esteja ligado a GA, podendo ser uma nova classe de genes controlando nanismo. / The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Syn. Solanum lycopersicum L) related wild species evolved into a wide range of latitudes, from the southern of Ecuador to the northern of Chile. These contrasting environment conditions allowed the emergence of great genetic diversity among these species. Lycopersicon cheesmanii f. minor (Hook.f.) C. H. Hill. Syn. Solanum galapagense S. Darwin & Peralta is endemic in the Galapagos Islands and has characteristics such as small plant size, dormant seeds and profusely divided leaves, being these characteristics also common in tomato gibberellin (GA) mutants. GA mutants such as gib1, gib2, gib3 (deficient), and procera (constitutive) are widely known in tomato. In addition to the afore mentioned mutations, the alleles Sp (Self Pruning) and Pts (Petroselinum), present S. galapagense, lead to changes in plant height and leaf architecture, respectively. Aiming at the understanding of such natural genetic variations, successive crosses and backcrosses of S.galapagense with the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) were made, attempting to isolate plants segregating characteristics of the parental wild species (dormancy, dwarfism, and increased leaf indentation). In the BC1F2 generation were selected individuals shorter than MT, and with more serrated leaf margins or with more leaflets when compared to MT. BC1F3 seeds showed germination rates of only 46.7 %, contrasting with the 94.5% of MTs germination. However, after the application of 100 µM GA, the rate of germination of BC1F3 was increased to 72 %. Analysis GA dose-responses showed that the BC1F3 plants displayed smaller sizes than the MT plants, and this dwarfism was not completely reversed by GA applications. In advanced backcross generations, it was found that the dormancy of seeds was lost during the process of introgression, since the selection was not for this trait, but only for plant with small size and/or more divided leaves. This finding suggests that the main component of dormancy of S.galapagense is not connected to or is not a pleiotropic effect of the genes for dwarfism and leaf shape. The analyzes of the segregation of 278 BC4F2 plants, already harboring the alleles sp and pts from MT, showed that the main component of the dwarfism of S. galapagense segregates in the proportion 3:1, and then, the recessive mutation present in this specie was named galapagos dwarf (gdw). Plants nearly isogenic to MT (BC6Fn generation) were obtained carrying the alleles Pts, Sp and gdw. Experiments comparing these plants with MT confirmed that the allele Pts produces more divided leaf and leaflets, and showed that this allele has a slight effect in reducing seed germination and plant size. This observation is consistent with the recent discovery that Pts codes for a gene from the KNOX class, which may be involved with the GA hormone. The Sp allele had no direct effect on plant height, but only indirectly due to its indeterminate growth. This allele seems to have a slight effect on leaf shape, but only in combination with Pts. Surprisingly, Sp seeds had an early germination when compared to MT (sp). On the other hand, the allele gdw did not show any effect on germination, but confirmed to affect plant height and leaf architecture. Taken together, these results showed that the reduced plant size and the profusely divided leaves of S. galapagense can be attributed mainly to the effect of Pts and gdw alleles. Regarding seed dormancy, this trait appears to be controlled by other(s) gene(s), yet unknown, although Pts also contributes to this characteristic. Since the new gene that we discovered, GDW, does not affect the germination, it is unlikely that it can be linked the GA hormone, but it may represent a new class of genes controlling an important agronomic trait, the dwarfism.