Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Terry Houser / Two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of naturally smoked sugar in a conventional and natural curing brines to inhibit lipid oxidation in frozen, aerobically packaged, layout style bacon. Commercial pork bellies were trimmed and cut in half creating anterior and posterior sections. Each section was randomly assigned to one of two treatments targeted 12% injection: control brine or a brine containing naturally smoked sugar (n =15/treatment). In the first study a conventional control brine consisted of 76.4% water, 11.8% salt, 8.00% sugar, 1.70% sodium phosphate, 1.60% sodium nitrite, and 0.450% sodium erythorbate. The treatment brine contained the same ingredients with the addition of 5.00% naturally smoked sugar. In the second study a natural control curing brine was utilized and contained 72.0% water, 13.4% sea salt, 8.00% cane sugar, and 6.67% celery juice. While treatment brine had the same ingredients as the natural control brine with the addition 5.00% smoked sugar. Bacon slices were randomly assigned to four sensory and GCMS frozen storage periods (0, 40, 80, and 120 day) or seven thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) frozen storage times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 day). To measure lipid oxidation trained sensory evaluation, TBARS, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was conducted after the assigned frozen storage periods. All bacon slices were stored aerobically at -18 ± 2 °C for their designated storage period. The first study panelist scores for oxidized flavor of the conventional control bacon increased from day 0 to 120; whereas the naturally smoked sugar treatment had decreased panelist scores (P > 0.16) for oxidized flavor intensity compared to the control bacon. Also, TBARS results values for the conventional control bacon increased (P < 0.01) from day 20 to day 120; while the conventional naturally smoked sugar treatment remained constant (P > 0.99). Hexanal content for conventional control increased (P < 0.003) during frozen storage; but naturally smoked sugar TBARS values were not different from day 0 of storage (P > 0.734). Concentration of heptanal in conventional control bacon was the highest (P < 0.003) at day 80 and 120 of frozen storage. Heptanal content in conventional bacon with naturally smoked sugar was not different from day 0 of frozen storage (P > 0.846). Conventional bacon formulated with naturally smoked sugar had greater concentrations of creosol and syringol than control bacon (P < 0.003). In the second study, naturally cured bacon had increased panelist scores for oxidized flavor from day 0 to 120 of frozen storage (P < 0.001). Natural bacon with smoked sugar had oxidized flavor scores that remained constant during frozen storage (P > 0.936). Naturally cured bacon displayed increased TBARS values from day 20 to 120 of frozen storage (P < 0.001). Naturally cured bacon with smoked sugar exhibited static TBARS values throughout the frozen storage period (P > 0.196). Thus, smoked sugar is an effective antioxidant in frozen sliced, aerobically packaged, conventionally cured and naturally cured bacon.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Terry Houser / One experiment was conducted to determine the collagen and adipocyte characteristics in pork belly fat with different iodine values (IV) and if these factors contribute to belly firmness. An additional two experiments were conducted to create an objective method to score bacon distortion during cooking and to determine how IV and cooking method contribute to bacon distortion. Experiment 1 sorted pork bellies (n=72) into three IV categories: High 76.5 g/100g, Intermediate 70.5 g/100g, and Low 64.9 g/100g. Belly characteristics and firmness were measured before processing into bacon. After processing, 3 bacon slices were selected from the belly and analyzed for histochemistry and collagen analysis. No differences were observed between belly characteristics, while High IV bellies showed softer bellies. Adipocyte characteristics remained unchanged between IV groups. High IV bellies showed greater amounts of collagen. Experiment 2 cooked bacon slices (n=585) on three different appliances (griddle, microwave, and oven) and scored the resulting distortion using a subjective scale. Raw and cooked bacon characteristics were measured to determine which response variables contributing to distortion. Bacon slices were removed from 6 different locations within each belly sampled. Two distortion measurements were created to objectively describe distortion response (crest frequency and bacon distortion index. Subjective distortion scores, crest frequency, bacon distortion index, and raw and cooked bacon characteristics were shown to change between locations of the belly. Accuracy of predictive equations developed to predict distortion scores were low. Experiment 3 evaluated how IV interacts with cooking methodology to influence cooking characteristics, fat quality and distortion of bacon. Bacon slices (n=300) were organized into two IV categories, Low (61.52 to 65.54 g/100g) and High (78.83 to 85.34 g/100g) and cooked using three different appliances (oven, microwave, and griddle). Bacon from the Low IV group had the greatest amount of fat. Cooking bacon on a griddle showed the greatest distortion scores, while the oven produced bacon with the lowest distortion scores. Bacon with higher IV produced bacon with increased distortion scores. Bacon from the High IV group showed smaller cooked dimensions than the Low IV bacon. Neither cooking method nor IV level affected the cooked fatty acid composition.

Thesis is solved in two freely interconnected parts. The main part is formed by set of paintings on the theme Psycho. In additional text I deal with portrait painting of three significant European painters of the 20th century. Part of text is self - reflection, in which I interpret my conception of portrait painting.

Orientador: Carlos Arthur Ribeiro do Nascimento / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T10:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Toledo_KatiaMariaNascimento_M.pdf: 12955345 bytes, checksum: 09cb12e2c9d00b9330caeabf885ec9c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado - Um estudo da Perspectiva de Rogério Bacon - apresenta e comenta o tratado enciclopédico deste filósofo cristão, acerca da ótica, ou perspectiva, como esta ciência era chamada pelos medievais. Percebe-se nesta dissertação, a partir da exposição do texto de Bacon, o modo escolástico de fazer filosofiano século treze / Abstract: This Master's degree's thesis - An Study on Roger Bacon's Perspective - presents and comments the encyclopedic work of this Christian philosopher about optics or perspective, as this sciencewas called on medieval. It notes in this thesis, ftom the exposition ofBacon's writings, the scholasticway of philosophic doing in thirteenth century / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Preface: An awareness of certain contradictory perceptions and assumptions regarding religious beliefs today and their relevance to art prompted a question which led to the research undertaken in this minithesis. The question was: how significant is the absence or presence of religious beliefs to the modern creative process? The writings of some theologians, sociologists, psychologists, and anthropologists seem to indicate that religious beliefs are fundamental to the functioning of society and the individuals who are part of it. Furthermore, even a cursory study of the history of art will demonstrate the strong bond between pre-nineteenth century image making and organised religion. Today, however, this relationship appears uncertain or even non-cxistant. This is a result of processes which began to gain strength in the nineteenth century: these include the industrial revolution, scientism and materialism. Peter Fuller, stated that among the most central questions affecting art is, "the severance of the arts from religious tradition and their existence within an increasingly secular culture." (Fuller, 1990, p. 189). This statement appears to bring the issues together very neatly. Firstly there is the assertion that religion has nourished and been a vital force behind art through the ages, and that, modern art has lost this source of vitality. Secondly, there is the contention tbat society, since the nineteenth century, has become increasingly secular, and that this has had (and is having) a radical effect on modern art. That art has been divorced from religion and that religion is disappearing, or will do so, is the logical conclusion, according to theorists who insist on institutional religion as the only true form. Some artists, for whom the absence or presence or loss of religious beliefs are important issues, may in this situation experience a creative crisis. In order to address these issues it was necessary to investigate whether religious beliefs are important to artistic endeavour and, if so, what the consequences of the absence of beliefs might be. For this reason, research into the nature of religion and the modem religious situation was initiated. The purpose of the extensive discussion on the nature of religion was to establish definitions of, or a view of, religion which could provide a sound basis for this investigation of the issues that have been outlined. In order to demonstrate whether religious beliefs are important to the creative process, Francis Bacon was chosen for discussion because he appeared to be a modern artist who had no religious beliefs and was thus an ideal example by which the consequences of this could be gauged.

Samuel Johnson's literary reputation in his own day was built largely upon his work as a moralist; consequently, the moral stance which forms the basis of this reputation merits more attention than it has hitherto received. It is my purpose in this thesis to establish that Johnson's moral writings, so highly rated by his contemporaries, reveal a distinctive quality of mind and a characteristic moral approach which links the author to the writings and to the moral thought of Francis Bacon. In establishing this connection, the first stage in this thesis is the isolation of common factors in the backgrounds of both men which could lead to a molding of moral attitudes into similar patterns. This is followed by an investigation of the effects of environmental influences and personal tastes which could draw Johnson to the moralist in Francis Bacon. More concrete evidence is sought in Johnson's Dictionary, a work which serves not only as a gauge of Johnson's moral thought but also as a measure of how closely his thought is aligned with that of Francis Bacon. The essays of the two moralists are examined to disclose the drive which directs their moral philosophy into a common path, a path which, leading away from all considerations of the theoretical to the practical service of their fellow man, derives from the same fixed principle of Christian charity. In following this principle of service, both men recognized the value of the essay and the biographical form as instruments of moral instruction; both utilized them as such in a pioneering fashion. Francis Bacon believed that the task of bringing the mind to virtue required, as a prerequisite, a study of the mind and its disorders. Johnson undertakes such a study along the lines envisaged by Bacon, and, in Rasselas, he is shown to be following the methods and directions of the earlier philosopher. Also investigated is the evident parallelism in their mutual concern to protect the mind from the errors of fallacious reasoning. Francis Bacon, in The Coulers of Good and Evill, had made an important contribution to the ethics of evaluation in devising a method of exposing and destroying the fallacies of sophistical reasoning; Samuel Johnson, in his review of Soame Jenyns’ study of evil, illustrates a practical application of this previously neglected method in the logical demolishment of one of the dominant myths of eighteenth-century society. The conclusion drawn from this presentation is that, even where direct influences cannot be ascribed, the evidence indicates powerful affinities in thought and in qualities of mind which draw Samuel Johnson to a similar approach to moral philosophy as that of Francis Bacon and result in similar conclusions about morals. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

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This thesis discusses Utopian thought and compares the Utopias of Plato, Sir Thomas More, Sir Francis Bacon, and Jonathan Swift in the areas of government, education, and social problems.

Este trabalho consiste no estudo da noção de gênio em Fernando Pessoa. Delimita por objetivo a identificação e análise de seu alcance e grau de penetração tanto nas formulações estéticas quanto poéticas do autor. O estudo se divide em três frentes, que definem a metodologia utilizada e o recorte do corpus investigado. A primeira aborda o ethos do homem de gênio nas cartas a João Gaspar Simões, Adolfo Casais Monteiro e Armando Côrtes-Rodrigues. A segunda frente do trabalho propõe a análise dos textos teóricos de Pessoa sob a perspectiva do gênio, pormenorizadamente os escritos sobre a questão Shakespeare-Bacon. A terceira frente se concentrará no estudo das leituras que Fernando Pessoa realizou do historiador e ensaísta escocês Thomas Carlyle (1795 - 1881), mais especificamente da obra On Heroes, Hero-Workship,and The Heroic in History. / This work consists of a study of the notion of genius in Fernando Pessoa. This research delimits as its goal the identification and analysis of Fernando Pessoas genius both in his aesthetic formulations and his poetics. The present work is divided into three sections, each defined by the methodology used and the selection of the corpus being investigated. The first part addresses the ethos of the man of genius in the letters to João Gaspar Simões, Adolfo Casais Monteiro, and Armando Côrtes-Rodrigues. The second part aims to analyze Pessoas theoretical texts from the perspective of the genius, carefully examining the writings that reflect on Shakespeare-Bacon. The third part will focus on Fernando Pessoas readings of the Scottish historian and essayist Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), specifically of Carlyles work On Heroes, Hero-Workship, and The Heroic in History.