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The past three decades have been characterized by significant growth in the international operations of United States (U.S.) banks. This is evidenced by the fact that the number of U.S. branch offices in international locations has more than doubled in the past 30 years. This study uses multiple regression analysis to identify the factors that determine U.S. bank penetration abroad. The level of U.S. bank penetration into foreign markets, the dependent variable, is measured by the total claims held by U.S. banks and their foreign offices in a particular country on a per capita basis. The independent variables used to test the model include economic, regulatory, and other country specific factors that may have an effect on U.S. bank penetration abroad. The results suggest that different factors influence U.S. banks' decisions to expand internationally. Banks are significantly affected by exchange rate fluctuations, growth in gross domestic product, and unemployment rates when expanding into developed countries. However, government regulation of the economy is significant when examining expansion into developing regions. The most important factor influencing the decision U.S. banks to expand internationally is foreign direct investment (FDI). Countries with a high level of FDI inflow from the U.S. consistently experience higher levels of U.S. bank penetration.

by Cheung Hing-Cheong, Nam Chi-Ming Gibson. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 122-127.

German banking is distinguished from neighboring European banking systems by the influence of its public sector banks. Nearly 50 percent of German banking is carried out by government owned state banks (ländesbanken) and regional savings banks (sparkassen) whose roots date from the 18 th century. German banks play a particularly important role in the economy and exert more control over firms and corporations than do their American counterparts. German banks tend to be less profitable than foreign counterparts. German public banks were originally founded to foster local and regional business. However, the operations of German public sector banks now extend into all forms of international investment. German public banks are currently seeking new business models to increase profits as they are being forced to compete in the global financial market under liberal market practices dictated by the European Union. Turbulence in the global financial market precipitated by the U.S. sub‐prime mortgage meltdown has severely impacted German public sector banks, precipitating a banking crisis that leaves German taxpayers exposed to staggering losses. These global financial pressures dictate the restructuring of the German financial system. This restructuring has forced a breaking point in the traditional German corporatist banking model and is associated with significant risks to the stability of the German banking system.