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Cette recherche doctorale a comme but principal l’étude de la dynamique anthropo-environnementale à Barbuda grâce à une approche archéobotanique multidisciplinaire. À la base de ce projet se trouve une démarche méthodologique, celle de combiner l’analyse des graines, du charbon de bois, des grains d’amidon et des phytolithes pour rendre compte de l’évolution des relations anthropo-environnementale. Cette thèse repose sur l’analyse de six sites archéologiques datant des premières occupations humaines sur l’île en couvrant la période archaïque jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Les analyses archéobotaniques sont peu nombreuses dans la région caribéenne, surtout celles combinant plusieurs types de restes. Ainsi, il a d’abord fallu évaluer le potentiel de préservation des macro-et microrestes botaniques sur l’île calcaire de Barbuda. Les données ont révélé un potentiel d’analyse variable selon les sites et les types de restes. Les graines recueillies sont peu nombreuses, alors que les charbons de bois sont omniprésents sur l’ensemble des sites. La principale découverte est la présence de phytolithes et de grains d’amidon autant dans les résidus prélevés sur les artéfacts que dans les échantillons de sédiments. Au cours des années, les populations archaïques, saladoïdes, post-saladoïdes et britanniques, en plus des esclaves, se sont succédéessur l’île. Chacune d’entre elles possédait un mode de vie spécifique et des besoins particuliers, ce qui a laissé une succession d’empruntes sur la végétation. Les données recueillies démontrent leur tentative degestion de la ressource végétale, l’introduction et la culture d’espèces botaniques pour l’alimentation, ainsi que le changement progressif du couvert végétal initial vers une végétation secondaire. L’arrivée des Britanniques, sous la direction de la famille Codrington, a joué un rôle clé dans la création du paysage environnemental actuel de l’île. Ce projet est un premier pas vers une compréhension rigoureuse de la dynamique anthropo-environnementale à Barbuda et à travers les îles caribéennes. / The primary goal of this doctoral research is to examine human-plant dynamics on the island of Barbuda using multiple methods of archaeobotanical analyses. This research is thus a methodological contribution combining the analysis of seeds, charcoal, starch grains and phytolithes in order to study the evolution of human-plant relationships. Six archaeological sites were analysed dating from the first human occupation on the island by Archaic populations until the 19th century. Archaeobotanical analyses are scare throughout the Caribbean region, especially those that combine the study of several types of botanical remains. The analytical potential of botanical macro-and microremains on the limestone island of Barbuda was evaluated for all sites. The ensuing results varied greatly depending on the site and the type of remains analysed. Seeds were very few in number, while charcoal is omnipresent on all sites. The most important discovery was the preservation of phytoliths and starch grains on artefact residues and in soil samples. Over 2000 years, Archaic, Saladoid, post-Saladoid, British, and enslaved peoples lived on the island. Each population had varying needs for subsistence resulting in different vegetation signatures. Data recovered suggests attempts at vegetation management, the introduction of new plant species for cultivation and consumption, as well as a progressive transition from the initial vegetation cover to a secondary forest. The British arrival on the island, under the management of the Codrington Family played a key role in the creation of the island’s current landscape. This research project is thus a first step towards a more rigorous and comprehensive understanding of human-plant dynamicson Barbuda and in the region.

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Background: Antigua and Barbuda is a Caribbean nation consisting of two islands with a total of 94,298 inhabitants. It is a high-income country, yet healthcare is resource-limited. The nursing process is an evidence-based approach to systematically care for patients in a person-centered way. Having limited resources affects the application of the nursing process. The nursing process and the nursing role are understudied areas in Antigua and Barbuda. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of applying the nursing process in their daily work in Antigua and Barbuda. Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted by interviewing four nurses at a public hospital in Antigua. The data was analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified: Empowering the patient, Applying the nursing competence, and Utilizing available resources. Conclusion: The nurses were highly competent and used the nursing process with emphasis on family involvement, however, the lack of staffing was evident. The result of staffing shortage created a stressful working environment. The nurse’s expertise was not always recognized in interprofessional collaboration. Therefore, the nursing role must be strengthened, and the number of nurses must increase to improve person-centered nursing care. / Bakgrund: Antigua och Barbuda är ett land i Karibien bestående av två öar med totalt 94 298 invånare. Det är ett höginkomstland, trots detta har sjukvården begränsat med resurser. Omvårdnadsprocessen är ett evidensbaserat arbetssätt för att systematiskt vårda patienter på ett personcentrerat sätt. Till följd av begränsade resurser påverkas tillämpningen av omvårdnadsprocessen. I Antigua och Barbuda är omvårdnadsprocessen och sjuksköterskerollen områden med begränsad forskning. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att tillämpa omvårdnadsprocessen i sitt dagliga arbete i Antigua och Barbuda. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes genom att intervjua fyra sjuksköterskor på ett offentligt sjukhus i Antigua. Data analyserades med Braun och Clarkes tematiska analys. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades: Stärkande av patienten, Tillämpande av sjuksköterskekompetensen och Utnyttjande av tillgängliga resurser. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna var högkompetenta och arbetade utifrån omvårdnadsprocessen, där stor vikt lades på att involvera familjen, trots tydlig brist på personal. Konsekvenserna av personalbristen skapade en stressframkallande arbetsmiljö. Inom det interprofessionella samarbetet beaktades inte alltid sjuksköterskors expertis. Sjuksköterskerollen måste därför stärkas och antalet sjuksköterskor bör öka för att förbättra personcentrerad omvårdnad.

Barbuda est une petite île calcaire relativement isolée au nord-est des Petites Antilles. Peu peuplée, elle a été moins affectée par les grands bouleversements engendrés par la colonisation occidentale et l’industrialisation. Cette île offre donc une opportunité exceptionnelle d’étude des peuples préhistoriques. En 2011 et 2012, dans le cadre du projet Islands of Change dirigé par Dre Sophia Perdikaris et subventionné par la National Science Fundation américaine, trois sites de la période archaïque ont été localisés et fouillés par une équipe internationale notamment composée de membres du City Université of New York à Brooklyn, de l’Institut Islandais d’archéologie et de l’Université Laval. L’analyse de ces sites, composés de coquillages et d’éclats de chert exogène, permet de mieux concevoir la place de Barbuda dans l’Archaïque des Petites Antilles du Nord. Ce mémoire présente toutes les étapes de ces fouilles, examine les résultats obtenus et contextualise l’importance de Barbuda pour l’économie régionale. / Barbuda is a small, relatively isolated, calcareous island in the northeastern West Indies. Since it is sparsely populated, it has been less affected by the large scale changes that were the result of European colonization. Therefore, it offers an exceptional opportunity to research intact prehistoric archaeological sites. This master’s thesis examines the earliest human occupation on Barbuda. During the 2011 and 2012 field campaigns of the Islands of Change project, directed by Dr. Sophia Perdikaris and funded by the National Science Fundation (USA), three Archaic Age sites were identified and excavated by an international team. The analysis of these sites and their respective collections which were solely composed of shell and lithics, helps to better understand Barbuda’s place in the Archaic Age of the Northern West Indies. This thesis presents these excavations, discusses the results of the analysis and contextualizes the importance of Barbuda in the regional economy.

The earliest-known printed version of 'Los hijos de la Barbuda', which is that found in the Tercera parte de las comedias de Lope de Vega y otros autores (Barcelona 1612) t provides the copy-text for this critical edition. Obvious errors have been corrected, but the original spelling has been preserved, the punctuation altered as little as possible, and the copy-text's method of capitalisation and accentuation has been retained. The play is preceded by an introduction which includes a description of all known versions of the text of Los hijos de la Barbuda, a chapter on the transmission of the text., one on the date of composition and performances, and chapters on staging, theme and presentation, language, and versification. Four sets of notes follow the text of the play: textual notes showing substantive departures in the present edition from the copy-text, a list of emendations of accidentals, a collation of the early texts, and a set of notes elucidating the text. Extra lines and scenes appearing in the seventeenth and eighteenth-century manuscripts are included in an appendix.

While there is general agreement about its importance, the construct of educational readiness is nebulous with much debate about what constitutes readiness. Readiness has been found to be a multidimensional psychological construct from a psychometric perspective. However, there is a growing awareness that this psychometric focus is lopsided, and that readiness does not only reside in the child. Further, there is an accompanying appreciation that readiness research may need to focus more on the subjective experience of individuals within the context of their environment. This phenomenological study, using Bronfenbrenner's social-ecological model, explored how Antigua and Barbudan students experienced readiness as they prepared to take the 2017 Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate Exam (CSEC). In an interview, each of the 12 participants recounted their experience as they readied themselves for the CSEC. The data were analyzed through content and framework analysis. The results support findings in the literature that showed that readiness is a complex and iterative process. It is the result of the dynamic interplay of various inputs of a host of individuals functioning at different levels of the readiness system. These results can then provide a point of entry for both national dialogue and policy formulation culminating in the provision of comprehensive services to support students' readiness experiences. The ultimate hope is that readiness for the CSEC Exam will lead to actual success on the exams, which in turn will translate into improved life chances of Antigua and Barbudan students.

Antigua and Barbuda, in the eastern Caribbean, is one of several countries with exclusive low breastfeeding rates and premature weaning. Researchers have demonstrated that babies exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life are better protected from childhood diseases and experience a better quality of life into adulthood, while early weaning is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, at 6 weeks postpartum, only 30% of Antiguan and Barbudan mothers are exclusively breastfeeding. Researchers have explained why mothers in general cease exclusive breastfeeding prematurely: insufficiency of breast milk, returning to paid employment, lack of social support; but an explanation specific to Antigua and Barbuda has not been identified. This qualitative phenomenological study, therefore, initiates research concerning breastfeeding attitudes and practices specific to this country. It explores the experiences and perceptions of 13 Antiguan and Barbudan 1st-time mothers on exclusive breastfeeding and weaning. The theory of planned behavior provided the theoretical framework. Data collected from semistructured interviews were coded using key word as themes. Manual analysis of the research data was also conducted. The findings indicated inadequate lactation education and counselling for mothers, poor levels of lactation education among nurses, and minimal statutory maternity leave as the reasons for premature weaning among the research participants. The findings of this research can contribute to social change in Antigua and Barbuda by providing evidence-based information to strengthen breastfeeding policies and interventions and become part of regional scholarship on this issue.