Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, 1907.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio Cesar Santos de Oliveira.pdf: 2957116 bytes, checksum: 86cffa8042391d0e38b10665da417867 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-11 / The present work has for objective to carry through a study of case when analyzing the existing historical documents in the interior of a situated Pertaining to Scholar Group in the city of Santos, whose foundation dates of 1902. Such group, named Pertaining to Barnabé Scholar Group , was the first one in town its building and that is why it still keeps files since its foundation. The study hopes to answer the following question of research: are there concretes elements which can prove the use of the intuitive method by Barnabé Scholar Group, concerning arithmetic teaching? For in such a way, a research on the pedagogical meetings records was carried through, found in the historical archive of the related unit of education. However, only this material would not be enough to answer the question of research. Of this form, also we search information in Yearbooks of the State, published in 1907 and the Teaching Magazines , published between 1902 and 1903. When analyzing the acts, we find information new, as the existence of the Letters of the Parkers, who had been used by the professors, of that unit of education, for the education of Arithmetic. Such material, written for Mr. Francis Wayland Parker, what it seems, possess some elements based on the rules of the intuitive method. Another important fact is the creation of the Scholar Groups from São Paulo, founded by the republicans intending to create a strong school which could cover educational needs, soon after the Republic Proclamation. The theoretical references for this research is based on the works of Le Goff, Bonato, Valente and Dominique Julia. Therefore, these carry through historical research in historical documents and pertaining to school archives. The results gotten for the research show that the presence exists, for some times, indirect, of the intuitive method in the Arithmetic education. We find, in acts, some elements that in took them to believe, that the ideas born with the new method of education, had been in use for a long period / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo de caso ao analisar os documentos históricos existentes no interior de um Grupo Escolar situado na cidade de Santos, cuja fundação data de 1902. Tal grupo, denominado Grupo Escolar Barnabé, foi o primeiro da cidade a possuir prédio próprio e por esse motivo ainda mantém arquivos desde sua fundação. O estudo propôs-se a responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Será que há elementos concretos que nos levem a comprovar o uso do método intuitivo pelo Grupo Escolar Barnabé, relativo ao ensino de aritmética? Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre as atas de reuniões pedagógicas encontradas no arquivo histórico da referida unidade de ensino. Entretanto, apenas esse material não seria suficiente para responder à pergunta de pesquisa. Portanto, também buscamos informações nos Anuários do Estado, publicados em 1907, e nas Revistas do Ensino, publicadas entre 1902 e 1903. Ao analisar as atas, encontramos informações novas, como a existência das Cartas de Parker, que foram utilizadas pelos professores daquela unidade de ensino para o ensino de aritmética. Tal material, escrito pelo Senhor Francis Wayland Parker, ao que parece, possui alguns elementos baseados nos preceitos do método intuitivo. Outro ponto importante é a criação dos Grupos Escolares Paulistas, fundados pelos republicanos, com o intuito de criar uma escola forte que pudesse suprir a necessidade educacional vivida logo após a Proclamação da República. O referencial teórico para esta pesquisa está baseado nos trabalhos de Le Goff, Bonato, Valente e Dominique Julia, pois estes realizaram pesquisas em documentos históricos e arquivos escolares. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa mostram que existe a presença, por algumas vezes indireta, do método intuitivo no ensino de aritmética. Encontramos, nas atas, alguns elementos que nos levaram a crer que as idéias nascidas com o novo método de ensino ficaram em uso por um longo período

This thesis traces the use of pity in early modern English literature, highlighting in particular the ways in which the emotion prompted personal anxieties and threatened Burckhardtian notions of the self-contained, autonomous individual, even as it acted as a central, crucial component of personal identity. The first chapter considers pity in medieval drama, and ultimately argues that the institutional changes that took place during the Reformation ushered in a new era, in which people felt themselves to be subjected to interpersonal emotions – pity especially – in new, overwhelming, and difficult ways. The remaining three chapters examine how pity complicates questions of personal identity in Renaissance literature. Chapter Two discusses the masculine bid for pity in courtly lyric poetry, including Philip Sidney's Astrophil and Stella and Barnabe Barnes's Parthenophil and Parthenophe, and considers the undercurrents of vulnerability and violation that emerge in the wake of unanswered emotional appeals. This chapter also examines these themes in Spenser's The Faerie Queene and Sidney's Arcadia. Chapter Three also picks up the element of violation, extending it to the pitiable presentation of sexual aggression in Lucrece narratives. Chapter Four explores the recognition of suffering and vulnerability across species boundaries, highlighting the use of pity to define humanity against the rest of the animal kingdom, and focusing in particular on how these questions are handled by Shakespeare in The Tempest and Ben Jonson, in Bartholomew Fair. This work represents the first extended study of pity in early modern English literature, and suggests that the emotion had a constitutive role in personal subjectivity, in addition to structuring various forms of social relation. Ultimately, the thesis contends that the early modern English interest in pity indicates a central worry about vulnerability, but also, crucially, a belief in the necessity of recognising shared, human weakness.