Orientador: Michel Georges Albert Vincentz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viana_AmericoJoseCarvalho_D.pdf: 5804951 bytes, checksum: a3c65fa34ad298641a9b177952050af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O fator de transcrição do tipo basic leucine leucine zipper (bZIP) de Arabidopsis thaliana AtbZIP63 faz parte da via de resposta a carência energética coordenada pelas quinases KIN10/11, integradoras centrais dos sinais relacionados ao estado de privação de energia. O mutante de inserção de T-DNA atbzip63-2 apresenta uma redução do crescimento e desenvolvimento das folhas assim como um atraso do florescimento em comparação ao tipo selvagem (TS, acesso Ws) quando cultivado em fotoperíodo de dia curto (10 h/14 h). Condições de fotoperíodo de dia longo ou luz contínua promoveram uma reversão parcial ou completa, respectivamente, do fenótipo mutante para o tipo selvagem, levantando a possibilidade de que este fenótipo seja o resultado de uma carência energética. Plantas silenciadas para expressão de AtbZIP63 por RNAi apresentaram características similares a do mutante atbzip63-2 confirmando o envolvimento deste fator de transcrição no crescimento. O perfil de expressão gênica e os níveis de alguns metabólitos do mutante atbzip63-2 indicaram que AtbZIP63 participa do controle da degradação do amido, pois a expressão de alguns genes centrais na degradação deste carboidrato de reserva está desregulada neste mutante. Mostramos que as oscilações no nível do transcrito AtbZIP63 são reguladas pelo relógio circadiano e a fase da oscilação do AtbZIP63 é aparentemente influenciada pela disponibilidade de carboidratos na célula. Além de estar sob o controle do relógio, AtbZIP63 também atua como um ativador direto da expressão de PRR7, que codifica um dos componentes chave do oscilador central do relógio. Portanto, evidenciamos uma interação recíproca entre o relógio e AtbZIP63 que possivelmente está impactando o processo de degradação do amido à noite. Este conjunto de evidências revela novos aspectos do ajuste do relógio circadiano pelo status de açúcar na célula que estão de acordo com trabalhos recentes mostrando que os açúcares afetam diretamente o funcionamento do relógio. Nossa hipótese é que o AtbZIP63 está agindo como um mediador entre a disponibilidade de viii açúcar e o mecanismo oscilatório do relógio circadiano de A. thaliana. Adicionalmente, verificamos que o perfil de transcritos no final do dia no mutante atbzip63-2 é diferente do observado no final da noite, sugerindo a participação do AtbZIP63 na regulação de genes envolvidos em redes regulatórias distintas em função do período do dia. Dentre os genes desregulados no atbzip63-2 no final do dia, observamos um enriquecimento para genes relacionados com metabolismo secundário e síntese de trealose, o que sugere a participação do AtbZIP63 na regulação da síntese destes compostos durante o dia, e possivelmente reflete a ocorrência de stress no mutante / Abstract: he Arabidopsis thaliana basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) AtbZIP63 transcription factor is part of the response pathway to energy shortage coordinated by kinases KIN10/11. The T-DNA insertion mutant atbzip63-2 shows a reduction in the growth and development of leaves, as well as a delay in flowering compared to wild type (WT; ecotype Ws), when grown in short-day conditions. Long day or continuous light conditions promoted a partial or complete reversion, respectively, of the mutant to wild-type phenotype, raising the possibility that this phenotype is the result of an energy shortage. Plants silenced for AtbZIP63 showed similar characteristics to the atbzip63-2 mutant, confirming the involvement of this transcription factor in the growth. The gene expression profile and the levels of some metabolites of the atbzip63-2 indicated that AtbZIP63 takes part in the control of starch degradation, regulating the expression of some key genes in starch degradation. Diurnal AtbZIP63 mRNA level fluctuation is regulated by the circadian clock, and the phase oscillation is influenced by the availability of carbohydrates. In addition, to be controlled by the circadian clock, AtbZIP63 directly regulates the expression of PRR7 which encodes one of the key regulators of the core clock. We have therefore identified a reciprocal interaction between the clock and AtbZIP63 which is probably affecting the starch degradation process. This set of evidence reveals new aspects of the entrainment of the circadian clock by sugars, and is consistent with recent studies showing that sugars directly regulate the circadian clock. Our hypothesis is that AtbZIP63 is acting as a mediator between the energy status (availability of sugar) and the oscillatory mechanism of the A. thaliana circadian clock. Additionally, we found that the profile of transcripts at the end of the day in atbzip63-2 mutant is different from that observed in the end of the night, suggesting the involvement of AtbZIP63 in the regulation of genes involved in distinct regulatory networks according to the period of day. Among the genes deregulated in atbzip63-2 at the end of the x day, an enrichment for genes related to secondary metabolism and trehalose biosynthesis was observed. Suggesting the involvement of AtbZIP63 in regulating the synthesis of these compounds during the day, and probably reflects the occurrence of stress in the mutant / Doutorado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

For all living systems, there is a requirement to recycle and regulate proteins. In eukaryotic organisms this is accomplished by the proteasome. The p97 ATPase is another highly conserved and essential complex present throughout the eukaryotic cell. In Paper I we utilized UFD fluorescent substrates to address the role of p97 and cofactors in soluble proteasome degradation. Results using RNAi and Drosophila p97 mutants propose p97 to function upstream of the proteasome on cytosolic proteasome targets as an important unfoldase together with its Ufd1/Npl4 cofactors. The results implicate p97 to be important for degradation of proteasome substrates lacking natural extended peptide regions. In Paper II we focused on identifying transcription factors essential for production of proteasomal subunits and associated proteins in Drosophila S2 cells. We utilized an RNA library targeting 993 known or candidate transcription factors and monitored RNAi depleted Drosophila S2 cells expressing the UFD reporter UbG76VGFP. We identified a range of potential candidates and focused on the bZIP transcription factor Cnc-C. RNAi and qrt-PCR experiments implicated Cnc-C to be involved in transcription of proteasomal subunits. In Paper III we applied our knowledge gained from Paper I about p97 dependent substrates and set up a high-throughput microscopy screening method to potentially find inhibitors specifically targeting the p97 proteasomal sub-pathway. Utilizing UFD substrates with and without C-terminal peptide tails we determined if compounds inhibited the core proteasomal machinery or the p97 pathway specifically. Through a primary and secondary round of screening we identified several new compounds inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway though none from our initial screening had specificity for p97. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2008. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Orientador: Michel Georges Albert Vincentz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T01:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_AmandaBortolini_M.pdf: 20873886 bytes, checksum: 0c34c8a141f7bb11f8f3176ba7a976e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O crescimento e o desenvolvimento dos organismos são baseados na capacidade celular de expressão gênica diferencial que resulta, principalmente, do controle da taxa de iniciação da transcrição por fatores reguladores de transcrição (FTs). FTs do tipo Basic Leucine QQjJer(bZIP) fQram descritos em todos os eucariotos. Seu domínio conservado é constituído de uma região de ligação ao DNA rica em aminoácidos básicos, flanqueada a um zíper de leucinas responsável pela dimerização. Em angiospermas, os bZIPs são reguladores importantes de processos específicos como fotomorfogênese, desenvolvimento de órgãos, elongação celular, controle do balanço de carbono/nitrogênio, mecanismos de defesa, via de sinalização de hormônios e sacarose, controle osmótico e florescimento. Mostramos que os genomas de Arabidopsis thaliana e Orysa sativa codificam para um conjunto completo e não redundante de 76 e 113 fatores bZIP respectivamente, que foram organizados em 11 grupos de proteínas evolutivamente relacionadas e 33 Possíveis Grupos de Genes Ortólogos (PoGO) de mono e eudicotiledôneas, o que deve permitir racionalizar o processo de caracterização funcional destes fatores em angiospermas. O Grupo C, que inclui genes homólogos ao lócus de regulação Opaco-2 (02) de milho, está organizado em três PoGOS, que possivelmente desempenham três funções ancestrais de angiospermas. Em Arabidopsis estas três possíveis funções ancestrais estão representadas por quatro genes (bZIP' 02 !1omologous, Bzo2h), Bzo2h3/AtbZIP63 (PoGO C1), Bzo2h1/AtbZIP10 e Bzo2h4/ AtbZIP25 (PoGO C2) e Bzo2h2/AtbZIP9 (PoGO C3). Visando um melhor conhecimento sobre a evolução das funções dos fatores bZIP de angiospermas do Grupo C, iniciamos a caracterização funcional de~tes quatro reguladores, focando principalmente em AtbZIP9, um gene único representativo de uma função ancestral de angiospermas e cujo papel ainda é desconhecido. Notamos que a expressão de AtbZIP9 é restrita as células do floema e regulada por glicose, ácido abscísico e citocinina, sugerindo que este gene integra as vias de sinalização destes sinais metabólicos e hormonais no floema. Abordagens de genética reversa como RNAi, knockout e superexpressão não permitiram elucidar de maneira clara a atuação de AtbZIP9 no ciclo de vida de Arabidopsis, indicando que mecanismos de regulação pós-transcricional e/ou redundância genética atuam sobre este gene. Visando dar continuidade e ampliar o estudo funcional de AtbZIP9, foram obtidas linhagens transgênicas de Arabidopsis expressando versões modificadas deste gene que codificam para proteínas ativadoras constitutivas fortes da transcrição. Estas novas versões de AtbZIP9 são teoricamente capazes de ativar de maneira constitutiva a expressão dos genes alvos de AtbZIP9, contornando assim, as dificuldades decorrentes da análise de famílias gênicas que apresentam redundância funcional. Quando comparados a plantas selvagens, transformantes primários para ativadores constitutivos fortes apresentaram diversas alterações de morfologia foliar, além de mudanças metabólicas e fisiológicas como acúmulo de compostos fenólicos em folhas, sintomas de morte celular e senescência. A análise destes transformantes ainda sugere uma possível participação de AtbZIP9 no controle do desenvolvimento do sistema vascular de raízes e folhas. Suspeitamos que as alterações de morfologia foliar e fisiologia observadas possivelmente representem conseqüências de mudanças nas propriedades funcionais de transporte do floema, decorrentes de defeitos no processo de diferenciação e organização das células do cilindro vascular / Abstract: Transcriptional regulatory factors (TFs) play an important role in controlling growth and development of ali organisms. bZIPs TFs have been described in ali eukaryotes and are characterized by a basic aminoacid rich DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper, responsible for dimerization. bZIPs have been reported to act in several different plantspecific processes such as organ development, cell elongation, defense mechanism, hormones and sucrose signalization, light response, control of nitrogen/carbon balance, osmotic control and flowering. We showed that Arabidopsis thaliana and Orysa sativa genomes encode a complete and non-redundant set of 76 and 113 bZIP transcription factors, respectively, which were divided into 11 unique groups of homologous genes. More detailed phylogenetic analysis led to the identification of 33 Possible Groups of Monocot and Eudicot Orthologous Genes (PoGO), which allows rationalizing functional studies in angiosperms. Group C, which includes genes homologous to the maize Opaque-2 locus, is formed by three PoGOs, suggesting that this group represents three ancestral functions among angiosperms. In Arabidopsis these three possible ancestral functions may be represented by the bZIP Qpaque-2. homologous genes (Bzo2h), Bzo2h3/AtbZIP63 (PoGO C1), Bzo2h1/AtbZIP10 and Bzo2h4/AtbZIP25 (PoGO C2) and Bzo2h2/AtbZIP9 (PoGO C3). To get insight into the evolution pattern and function of Group C members, we have iniciated the functional characterization of the Bzo2h genes concentrating initially on AtbZIP9, a unique gene that represents an ancestral function and for which no functional informational is available. We showed that AtbZIP9 expression is restricted to phloem cells and regulated by glucose, abscisic acid and cytokinin, suggesting that this gene is an element of the signalization pathways of these metabolic and hormonal signals in the phloem. Reverse genetic approaches such as RNAi, knockout and superexpression failed to reveal the biological function of AtbZIP9 in Arabidopsis life cycle and suggested that post-transcriptional regulation and/or functional redundancy may act on AtbZIP9. In order to improve our Rnowledge on AtbZIP9 function, Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing constitutive transcriptional activator versions of AtbZIP9 were obtained. Since such modified versions of AtbZIP9 are theoretically able to promote the superexpression of AtbZIP9 target genes, this strategy should be independent of functional redundancy. When compared to wild type plants, primary transformants for constitutive transcriptional activator versions of AtbZIP9 showed alterations of leaf morphology, as well as metabolic and physiologic modifications, such as phenolic compound accumulation in leaves, cell death and senescence symptoms. Analyses of this transformants also suggest that AtbZIP9 is possibly involved in the control of leaf and root vascular system development. We suspect that the alteration of leaf morphology and physiology observed in primary transformants possibly reflects consequences of changes in phloem transport functional properties, due to defects in vascular cylinder cell differentiation and organization / Mestrado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

Orientadores: Ricardo Aparicio, Marcelo Menossi Teixeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Esstadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T12:36:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kiyota_Eduardo_M.pdf: 3864663 bytes, checksum: fb929727fccb0492142f162a1eca404e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Os fatores de transcrição do tipo bZIP estão presentes em organismos eucariotos e estão envolvidos na regulação da expressão gênica e no controle de muitos processos intracelulares. Esses fatores se ligam a seqüências específicas no DNA e são capazes de reconhecer seqüências reguladoras no promotor de um gene. As bZIPs são caracterizadas por uma região conservada rica em resíduos de aminoácidos básicos, e um zíper de leucinas, que possui repetições de uma seqüência de aminoácidos hidrofóbicos onde há uma leucina que ocupa a mesma posição a cada 7 resíduos. Estudos estruturais com bZIPs mostraram que essas proteinas enovelam-se na forma de uma extensa hélice-a e são capazes de formar dímeros através de um arranjo do tipo coiled- coil. Neste trabalho, a parte correspondente à região básica e ao zíper de leucinas de duas bZIPs, SCF5 e SCF12 de cana-de-açúcar, pertencentes a sub-famílias diferentes, foram clonadas, expressas e purificadas para estudos estruturais. O DNA correspondente a SCF12 foi clonado em pET28a e a proteína recombinante foi produzida em E. coli BL21 (DE3) pRil. A SCF12 purificada por cromatografia de afinidade (IMAC) teve sua estrutura secundária caracterizada por dicroísmo circular. A SCF5, clonada em pET3C e expressa em E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS foi purificada por cromatografia de troca catiônica. Cristais de um complexo da proteína ligada a uma seqüência de DNA de 24 pares de bases foram obtidos mas não exibiram qualidade suficiente para permitir a determinação da estrutura cristalográfica. Entretanto, foi possível obter um modelo do complexo a partir de experimentos de espalhamento de Raios X a baixos ângulos (SAXS, do inglês Small Angle X-Ray Scattering) em solução, e interpreta-lo à luz de estruturas de homólogas já conhecidas. / Abstract: The bZIP transcription factors are present in eukaryotic organisms and are involved in the regulation of gene expression and many intracellular processes. These factors bind specific DNA sequences and are able to recognize regulatory sequences of a gene promoter. The bZIPs are characterized by a conserved region rich in basic amino acid residues as well as by having the leucine zipper region, which possess a sequence of hydrophobic residues where there are leucines every seventh amino acids. Structural studies have shown that bZIP-folding is alpha-helical and these proteins are capable of dimmer formation via coiled-coil arrangement. In this work, the basic region and the leucine zipper of two sugarcane bZIPs, SCF12 and SCF5, belonged to two different bZIP-families were cloned, expressed and purified for structural studies. The corresponding SCF12 DNA was cloned into pET28a expression vector and the protein was produced in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pRil cells. SCF12 protein was purified by affinity chromatography (IMAC) and had its secondary structure characterized by CD. SCF5, cloned into pET3c and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS was purified by cation exchange chromatography. Crystals of a complex formed by SCF5 protein and a 24-base-pair DNA sequence were obtained but unfortunately with quality insufficient for crystallographic structure determination. However, it was possible to obtain a model of the analyzed complex applying Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique by protein homologous structure comparison. / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química

DNA damage response pathways are a complicated network of proteins that function to remove and/or reverse DNA damage. Following genetic insult, a signal cascade is generated, which alerts the cell to the presence of damaged DNA. Once recognized, the damage is either removed or the damaged region is excised, and the original genetic sequence is restored. However, when these pathways are defective the cell is unable to effectively mediate the DNA damage response and the damage persists unrepaired. Thus, the proteins that maintain the DNA damage response pathway are critical in preserving genomic stability. One essential DNA repair protein is the Breast Cancer Associated gene, BRCA1. BRCA1 is essential for mediating the DNA damage response, facilitating DNA damage repair, and activating key cell cycle checkpoints. Moreover, mutations in BRCA1 lead to a higher incidence of breast and ovarian cancer, highlighting the importance of BRCA1 as a tumor suppressor. In an effort to better understand how BRCA1 carried out these functions, researchers sought to identify additional BRCA1 interacting proteins. This led to the identification of several proteins including the BRCA1 Associated C-terminal Helicase, BACH1. Due to the direct interaction of BACH1 with a region of BRCA1 essential for DNA repair and tumor suppression, it was speculated that BACH1 may help support these BRCA1 function(s). In fact, initial genetic screenings confirmed that mutations in BACH1 correlated not only with hereditary breast cancer, but also with defects in DNA damage repair processes. The initial correlation between BACH1 and cancer predisposition was further confirmed when mutations in BACH1 were identified in the cancer syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) (complementation group FA-J), thus giving BACH1 its new name FANCJ. These findings supported a previously established link between the FA and BRCA pathways and between FA and DNA repair. In particular, we demonstrated that similar to other FA/BRCA proteins, suppression of FANCJ lead to a substantial decrease in homologous recombination and enhanced both the cellular sensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents and chromosomal instability. What remained unknown was specifically how FANCJ functioned and whether these functions were dependent on its interaction with BRCA1 or other associated partners. In fact, we identified that FANCJ interacted directly with the MMR protein MLH1. Moreover, we found that the FANCJ/BRCA1 interaction was not required to correct the cellular defects in FA-J cells, but rather that the FANCJ/MLH1 interaction was required. Although both the FA/BRCA and MMR pathways undoubtedly mediate the DNA damage response, there was no evidence to suggest that these pathways were linked, until recently. Our findings not only indicate a physical link between these pathways by protein-protein interaction, but also demonstrated a functional link.

The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a complicated network of interacting proteins that function to sense and remove DNA damage. Upon exposure to DNA damage, a signaling cascade is generated. The damage is either removed, restoring the original genetic sequence, or apoptosis is activated. In the absence of DDR, cells are unable to effectively process DNA damage. Unprocessed DNA damage can lead to chromosomal changes, gene mutations, and malignant transformation. Thus, the proteins involved in DDR are critical for maintaining genomic stability. One essential DDR protein is the BRCA1 Associated C-terminal Helicase, BACH1. BACH1 was initially identified through its direct association with the BRCT domain of the Breast Cancer Associated Gene, BRCA1. Similar to BRCA1, germline mutations in BACH1were identified in patients with early onset breast cancer. Interestingly, the disease-associated mutations in BACH1 were shown to have altered helicase activity in vitro, providing a direct link between BACH1 helicase activity and disease development. The correlation between BACH1 and cancer predisposition was further confirmed by the identification of BACH1 as the cancer syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) gene product, FANCJ. Similar to other FA proteins, suppression of FANCJ leads to decreased homologous recombination, enhanced sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinking (ICL) agents, and chromosomal instability. In an effort to further understand the function of FANCJ in DDR, FANCJ was shown to directly associate with the mismatch repair (MMR) protein MLH1. This interaction is facilitated by lysines 141 and 142 within the helicase domain of FANCJ. Importantly, the FANCJ/MLH1 interaction is critical for ICL repair. Furthermore, in an attempt to dissect the binding site of FANCJ on MLH1, we discovered an HNPCC associated MLH1 mutation (L607H) that has intact mismatch repair, but lacks FANCJ interaction. In contrast to the MLH1 interaction, the FANCJ/BRCA1 interaction was not required for correcting the cellular defects in FANCJ null cells. Thus, in an effort to understand the functional significance of the FANCJ/BRCA1 interaction, we discovered that FANCJ promotes Pol η dependent translesion synthesis (TLS) bypass when uncoupled from BRCA1. In this thesis, we provide evidence suggesting that FANCJ and MLH1 are functionally linked and that the interaction of these proteins is critical for repair choice.

La adaptación de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae a condiciones de alta osmolaridad está mediada por la vía de HOG ((high-osmolarity glycerol). La activación de esta vía induce una serie de respuestas que van a permitir la supervivencia celular en respuesta a estrés. La regulación génica constituye una respuesta clave para dicha supervivencia. Se han descrito cinco factores de transcripción regulados por Hog1 en respuesta a estrés osmótico. Sin embargo, éstos no pueden explicar la totalidad de los genes regulados por la MAPK Hog1. En el presente trabajo describimos cómo el complejo transcripcional formado por las proteínas Rtg1 y Rtg3 regula, a través de la quinasa Hog1, la expresión de un conjunto específico de genes. Hog1 fosforila Rtg1 y Rtg3, aunque ninguna de estas fosforilaciones son esenciales para regulación transcripcional en respuesta a estrés. Este trabajo también muestra cómo la deleción de proteínas RTG provoca osmosensibilidad celular, lo que indica que la integridad de la vía de RTG es esencial para la supervivencia celular frente a un estrés osmótico. / In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the adaptation to high osmolarity is mediated by the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway, which elicits different cellular responses required for cell survival upon osmostress. Regulation of gene expression is a major adaptative response required for cell survival in response to osmotic stress. At least five transcription factors have been reported to be controlled by the Hog1 MAPK. However, they cannot account for the regulation of all of the genes under the control of the Hog1 MAPK. Here we show that the Rtg1/3 transcriptional complex regulates the expression of specific genes upon osmostress in a Hog1-dependent manner. Hog1 phosphorylates both Rtg1 and Rtg3 proteins. However, none of these phosphorylations are essential for the transcriptional regulation upon osmostress. Here we also show that the deletion of RTG proteins leads to osmosensitivity at high osmolarity, suggesting that the RTG-pathway integrity is essential for cell survival upon stress.

L'activació sostinguda de Hog1 porta a una inhibició del creixement cel·lular. En aquest treball, hem observat que el fenotip de letalitat causat per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és parcialment inhibida per la mutació del complexe SCFCDC4. La inhibició de la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 depèn de la via d'extensió de la vida. Quan Hog1 s'activa de manera sostinguda, la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4 fa que augmenti l'expressió gènica depenent de Msn2 i Msn4 que condueix a una sobreexpressió del gen PNC1 i a una hiperactivació de la deacetilassa Sir2. La hiperactivació de Sir2 és capaç d'inhibir la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1. També hem observat que la mort cel·lular causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és deguda a una inducció d'apoptosi. L'apoptosi induïda per Hog1 és inhibida per la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4. Per tant, la via d'extensió de la vida és capaç de prevenir l'apoptosi a través d'un mecanisme desconegut. / Sustained Hog1 activation leads to an inhibition of cell growth. In this work, we have observed that the lethal phenotype caused by sustained Hog1 activation is prevented by SCFCDC4 mutants. The prevention of Hog1-induced cell death by SCFCDC4 mutation depends on the lifespan extension pathway. Upon sustained Hog1 activation, SCFCDC4 mutation increases Msn2 and Msn4 dependent gene expression that leads to a PNC1 overexpression and a Sir2 deacetylase hyperactivation. Then, hyperactivation of Sir2 is able to prevent cell death caused by sustained Hog1 activation. We have also observed that cell death upon sustained Hog1 activation is due to an induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by Hog1 is decreased by SCFCDC4 mutation. Therefore, lifespan extension pathway is able to prevent apoptosis by an unknown mechanism.